Pastachievements and future challenges – ozoneregulation ... · - The importance of Nitrogen for...
Transcript of Pastachievements and future challenges – ozoneregulation ... · - The importance of Nitrogen for...
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Past achievements and future challenges– ozone regulation under the
UNECE Air Convention
Anna Engleryd
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•Signed in 1979, entered into force1983
•51 parties
•8 protocols
•SO2, NOx, NMVOC, NH3, PM2,5, BC, Hm , POP
•Close link betweenresearch and policy
Artic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
SloveniaHungary
Slovakia
Poland
LithuaniaLatvia
Estonia
Finland
Armenia
Sweden
Georgia
Norway
Belarus
Czech Rep. Ukraine
Denmark
Moldova
Germany
Yugoslavia
Austria
Bulgaria
Liechtenstein
Turkey
Italy
Monaco
Cyprus
Switzerland
Malta
Netherlands
Greece
Belgium
F.Y.R.ofMacedonia
Luxembourg
Albania
France
Bosnia andHerzegovina
Spain
Croatia
Portugal
IrelandUnited Kingdom
Romania
Russian Federation
celand
Kara SeaBarents Sea
North Sea
antic Ocean
Mediterranean Sea
Black Sea Caspian Sea
Aral Sea
Canada
of America
Kyrgyzstan
Artic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
SloveniaHungary
Slovakia
Poland
LithuaniaLatvia
Estonia
Finland
Armenia
Sweden
Georgia
Norway
Belarus
Czech Rep. Ukraine
Denmark
Moldova
Germany
Yugoslavia
Austria
Bulgaria
Liechtenstein
Turkey
Italy
Monaco
Cyprus
Switzerland
Malta
Netherlands
Greece
Belgium
F.Y.R.ofMacedonia
Luxembourg
Albania
France
Bosnia andHerzegovina
Spain
Croatia
Portugal
IrelandUnited Kingdom
Romania
Russian Federation
celand
Kara SeaBarents Sea
North Sea
antic Ocean
Mediterranean Sea
Black Sea Caspian Sea
Aral Sea
Canada
of America
Kyrgyzstan
Kazakhstan
Azerbaijan
CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION
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The 1984 Protocol on Long-term Financing of EMEP
The 1985 Sulphur Protocol (The 30% club)
The 1988 NOx Protocol
The 1991 VOC Protocol
The 1994 Sulphur Protocol
The 2003 Protocol on Heavy Metals and its amended version
The 1998 protocol on POPs and its amended version
The 2005 Gothenburg protocol and its amended version
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The Gothenburg Protocolto Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone
• Adopted in Gothenburg on 30 November 1999.• Multi effect- multi pollutant• Ecosystem effects and health• Emission ceilings for sulphur, NOx, VOC, NH3 for the year 2010• Guidance documents - abatement techniques and economic instruments
• Amended in 2012• New tighter ceilings for the year 2020• Commitment also for PM 2,5 – including BC• Health and ecosystem effects , SLCP
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Lower peak ozone levels, but no decline in average concentrations
Loss of life expectance(months)
Plant species loss(% threatened)
Mercury accumulation in soil(CL-exceedance)
Air pollution still causes serious damage to health and ecosystems
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Launch: Brussels 31 May 2016
Launch:31 May 2016Norway HouseBrussels
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The 93.2 percentile O3 concentrations (25 days with highest ozone levels) in Europe in 2013. Red means exceedance of the Eu Ambient AQ Directive target value for more than 25 days/year. Source: EEA, 2015.
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Calculated SOMO35 data for 2013 together with observationsSource: EMEP, 2015
hours
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EU target value
WHO guideline value
Evolution of ozone peak concentrations and annual mean concentrations.(54 EMEP monitoring stations) Source: TFMM 2016
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Majority of the EU population is exposed to concentrations above WHO guideline values
Source: EU Commission
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http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-5322
https://www.unece.org/env/lrtap/welcome.html.html
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What’s next ?
• Ratification and implementation • Update of the Long Term Strategy dec 2018
- Health effects of ozone and PM- The importance of Nitrogen for acidification and eurtrophication- Long term risks, HM and POP- Transcontinental transport of air pollutants- The importance of long range tansport for the air quality in cities- Links climate change – ecosystems - air pollution
• Next generation of policy instruments ? • New substances ? • Geographical coverage ?• Special session on global cooperation in december 2018
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Towards an integrated approach
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In summary• A lot has been achieved – but there is more to be done• Air pollution remains to a large extent an international
problem • Air pollution policy matters• Measures are available• There are established policy arenas • Work on different scales needed• Ozone is an intercontinental issue
Thank you !