Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta - iaom … & Influence of Raw Material. 3 ... Cereals...
Transcript of Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta - iaom … & Influence of Raw Material. 3 ... Cereals...
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Pasta
Technology for
High Quality
Flour Pasta
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Agenda
Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta
1
2
3
4
5
Dough Preparation
Drying Process
Innovation in the Pasta Processing
Summary
Introduction & Influence of Raw Material
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Dosing
Dough &
Structure
development
Drying &
Structure
stabilsation
Water
Extrusion
Mixing
Drying
Semolina or flour
Additives
Up-stream processing Cleaning / Milling / Classifying
Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta
Production of Pasta – Focus on Dough preparation
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Gluten free
Cereals Pseudo Cereals Pulses
Wheat
Triticum Durum Titricum Aestivum
Rice
Maize
Amaranth
Millet
Buckwheat
Quinoa
Peas
Beans
Lentils
Chickpeas
Durum Wheat Hard Wheat (Bread Wheat) Soft Wheat (Cookie Wheat)
Raw Materials in Pasta Processing.
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Process know-how from grain to pasta.Properties of the raw material wheat influencing pasta quality.
Grain properties affecting pasta quality
(Improvements achievable in wheat supply chain)
Wet gluten quantity and quality Cooking quality
Kernel virtuousness White spots (only for Durum)
Yellow pigment content Colour of pasta
Semolina / flour properties affecting pasta quality
(Improvements achievable in milling processes)
Ash content / extraction rate Red-brown colour of pasta
Narrow and fine granulation Homogeneity of pasta
Brown and black bran particles Brown and black spots
Damaged starch content Stickiness of cooked pasta
Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta
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Pasta Semolina & Noodles Flour.Finished Product Quality Influences.
Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta
WHITE SPOTS
ROUGH PASTA SURFACE
Extraction rate %A
sh
co
nte
nt %
Bro
wn
ne
ss
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.5
0.6
Uneven Granulation Uneven Vitreosity Ash Content
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Coarse Semolina (Durum) Fine Semolina (Durum)
Protein Content ~ 12-13% dm
Wet Gluten Content ~ 26-30%
Ash Content depending on local legislation
Granulation: 0% > 500 µm
20-40% > 355 µm (the lower, the better)
35-55% 200-355 µm
10-20% 125-200 µm
5-15% < 125 µm (the lower, the better)
Protein Content ~ 12-13% dm
Wet Gluten Content ~ 26-30%
Ash Content depending on local legislation
Granulation: 0% > 355 µm
0-30% 315-355 µm
45-65% 200-315 µm
10-30% 125-200 µm
5-15% < 125 µm (the lower, the better)
Wheat Flour (HW) Non-Wheat Flours & Pulses (Gluten Free)
Protein Content ~ 10-12% dm
Wet Gluten Content ~ 26-27%
Ash Content < 0.55%
Granulation: 0% > 355 µm
0-20% 200-355 µm (the higher, the better)
10-25% 125-200 µm
10-30% 90-125 µm
0-60% < 125 µm (the lower, the better)
Granulation: 0% > 250 µm; 90% < 200 µm
Gluten Free Cereals/Pseudo Cereals:
Amylose Content ~ 20-25% dm (the higher, the better)
Pulses:
Protein content ~ 21-26%
High quality of protein: amino acid composition
complementary to wheat
Fiber content
Pasta Raw Materials.Main characteristics.
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Agenda
Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta
1
2
3
4
5
Dough Preparation
Drying Process
Innovation in the Pasta Processing
Summary
Introduction & Influence of Raw Material
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Pasta technology for high quality flour pasta
Dough preparation: available technologies based on raw materials used and
product goals
Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta
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Agenda
Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta
1
2
3
4
5
Dough Preparation
Drying Process
Innovation in the Pasta Processing
Summary
Introduction & Influence of Raw Material
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Dosing
Dough &
Structure
development
Drying &
Structure
stabilsation
Water
Extrusion
Mixing
Drying
Semolina or flour
Additives
Up-stream processing Cleaning / Milling / Classifying
Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta
Production of Pasta – Focus on Dough preparation
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Principles of Pasta Drying.Objectives
Reduction of water content from ~31 %wb to <12.5 %wb
- Stabilization of shape
- Creation of a very stable product with high shelf life
Pasta drying is not only the simple removal of water, but also influences:
Formation of structural and textural pasta properties
Determination of pasta colour, surface properties and appearance
Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta
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Mo
istu
re %
Predryer
°C
Dryer
°C
Stabilisation
°C°C
Moistening
°C
Cooler
Adequate drying speed in every drying zone
- no case hardening
- reduced risk of crack formation
Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta
Principles of Pasta Drying.Moisture Gradient during Drying.
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drying time [min]
0 60 120 180 240 300
pro
du
ct
mo
istu
re c
on
ten
t [
% w
b]
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34 PASTA shape:
Strong drying (high drying capacity) at the beginning.
Longer stabilisation at the end.
Drying: a key step for Pasta quality.Typical drying diagram for long goods.
Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta
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Shrinking of PASTA during drying generates
structural stresses.
When these forces exceed the material strength,
cracking will occur.
Cracking during the drying-process is a direct
consequence of case hardening. – too fast drying
kinetic
Cracking after the drying-process can occur when
stresses in PASTA are created again and
intensified.
OBJECTIVES:
• sufficient stabilization
• correct final moisture content
Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta
Possible complications and defects.
Cracking in PASTA during and/or after drying.
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Burnings occur particularly at the beginning of the
drying process at too intensive drying kinetics
due to the application of too high temperatures, in
very short time (flushing).
Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta
OBJECTIVES:
• correct drying kinetic (speed; extreme conditions)
• focus: beginning of drying process
Possible complications and defects.
“Burnt“ PASTA during drying.
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Conditions for sticking of PASTA is a too high surface
moisture content (free surface water) in combination
of physical contact among PASTA pieces/strings.
High PASTA surface moisture contents can be
reached especially due to too high relative humidity
that can cause condensation.
Risk is present at any stage between two drying
zones, but is higher at the beginning of the drying
process.
Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta
OBJECTIVES:
• correct moisture (beginning of process)
• correct parameters between zones
• air distribution
Possible complications and defects.
Sticking of PASTA during drying.
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Agenda
Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta
1
2
3
4
5
Dough Preparation
Drying Process
Innovation in the Pasta Processing
Summary
Introduction & Influence of Raw Material
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Tem
po d
'ess
icca
zion
e in
h
Temperatura in °C
NT
HT (1971)
TT (1984)
Development steps
in pasta drying in
respect of :
- Temperatures
- Duration
- Pasta quality
- Process control
High-Temperature (HT) Drying and Pasta properties.Evolution of the drying process over the last decades.
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Glass transition
controlled drying.
Science based concept
Stress-less drying process
75 minutes stabilization
Excellent cooking properties
Water content
Tem
pera
ture
Glass-transition
curve of Pasta
Glassy
state
Rubbery
state
Water content
Tem
pera
ture
Glass-transition
curve of Pasta
Glassy
state
Rubbery
state
EcothermatikTM: Innovative Drying Technology.Concept from material science applied to food: the glass-transition curve.
Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta
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Glassy state:
Rubbery state:Te
mp
era
ture
[°C
]
Tg
Moisture content [%wb]
Rubbery
state
Glassy
state
low mobility of molecules
high viscosity
high structural stress (cracks)
high mobility of molecules
easy cross linking of Gluten
low viscosity
low structural stress
best conditions to avoid cracks
EcothermatikTM: Innovative Drying Technology.Concept from material science applied to food: the glass-transition curve.
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Stress-free pre-drying by lower speed kinetic and low shrinking rates.
EcothermatikTM: Innovative Drying Technology.
Benefit of gentler drying in Rubbery state : reduced stabilization time.
Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta
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Save 40 % of thermal energy recuperated from exhaust air.Reuse of energy to heat process water.
Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta
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Save 20 % of cooling energy by reuse of backflows.Intelligent thermal system fully integrated into the line.
Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta
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Save 10 % of electrical energy.By efficient fans & optimised aerodynamics for circulating air.
Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta
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Agenda
Pasta Technology for High Quality Flour Pasta
1
2
3
4
5
Dough Preparation
Drying Process
Innovation in the Pasta Processing
Summary
Introduction & Influence of Raw Material
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EcothermatikTM long goods pasta dryer.Summary.
Ecothermatik™ long goods pasta dryer –
energy efficiency and top pasta quality.
- 40 % less thermal energy, 20 % less cooling energy,
10 % less electrical energy.
- Therefore much higher margins.
- Top pasta quality thanks to drying in a rubber-like
state.
- User friendliness and food safety.