Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and...

27
Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future

Transcript of Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and...

Page 1: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future

Page 2: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future

Computation‐Based

Has gameplay, a pattern defined 

though a set of rules 

Changing objects over time: motion and deformation 

caused by interaction

Page 3: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Animation has two definitions

• (narrowly) Animation as a graphics application– 2D cartoon animation– 2D/3D Animation movies

• (broadly) Animation as a graphics technique– Producing special effects in movies and games– Animation movies– Gaming effect

Page 4: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Graphics Pipeline• Time is continuous, but computers handle discrete data

Objectsin 

reference space

Time 0

Time 1

Time n

Geometry Modeling

Animation Rendering

Frame 0

Frame 1

Frame n

Display

Page 5: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Graphics Pipeline

• I can generate the frames fast! (real‐time)

– Generate one frame and then send it to display immediately

– Such as games

• I CANNOT generate the frames fast… (offline)

– Save the frames into the disk

– Play them back in the future

– Such as movies

Page 6: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Graphics Pipeline

• The data you need to produce at each time?

– Position

– Orientation

– Shape

– Appearance

– Phase change

Page 7: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Computer Animation Perception

• Beta motion– Appearance of motion from a set of still images

• Flicker– Failure to achieve beta motion effect– Frame rate is too low (image update is too slow)

• Motion blur

Page 8: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Frame Rate• How many images are updated per second? (Frames per second, i.e., FPS)

Movie and TV Game LCD Display

24FPS Film

25FPS TV in Europe

30FPS Graphics Research

Standard for Action Games

48FPS Some films (Avatar, the Hobbit)

60FPS TV in the US, high‐end HDTV Standard

72FPS Experimental Can be higher

Page 9: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Animations in Movies

from to

For another look at the history of animation, check outThe Art of Animation and Motion Graphics | Off Book | PBS

Page 10: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Early devices

Flipbook    Thaumatrop Zoetrope

Page 11: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Conventional animation

• Stuart Blackton– Humorous Phases of Funny Faces 

• Winsor McCay– Gertie the Dinosaur

Page 12: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Conventional Animation production

• Storyboard: the proposal• Model sheet: consistency• Animatic: storyboard with timing• Key frames & in‐betweens• Test shot• Pencil tests• Inking: drawings onto cells• Painting: coloring in• Sound: voice, body, special effects, background

Page 13: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Modern Computer Animation Production

Story Dept.

Art Dept.

Modeling Dept. Lighting Dept.

Animation Dept.

Rendering Dept.

Page 14: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

The first Feature‐length Computer‐animated Film?

Made by Pixar, released by Walt Disney

Page 15: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Sometimes, the movie is not solely made of animations…

Special Effects

Page 16: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

The old way to create Special effects

• Time consuming• Not reusable• Expensive?

Page 17: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Computer Generated Special Effects(CGI: Computer Generated Imagery)

• Real‐world data capture (these exist in the real world)• Animation (those do not exist in the real world)• Composition: merging these two together

Page 18: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Computer Generated Special Effects(CGI: Computer Generated Imagery)

• ILM Demo

Page 19: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Leading Animation/Visual Effect Studios

Page 20: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Your goal is to get the Academy SciTech Award!!! 

Page 21: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Computer game history eras

• First games, consoles• Video game crash of 1983• 8 and 16 bit eras• 32 and 64 bit eras• Current era

For more on the history of games, check outThe Video Game Revolution | PBS

Page 22: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Computer games today• Multiple platforms

– PC– Consoles– Tablets– Smart phones

• Multiple audiences– Hardcore– Casual– Online– Motion control

Page 23: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

How game companies make money?

• Make a game, sell it...

• Free to play, but pay to win…– Many mobile games

• Subscription (MMORPG games)– New content– Uncertainty

Page 24: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Game development process• Concept• Design document• Prototype• Production

– Design, Levels– Programming– Art, Audio

• Testing• Deployment• Maintenance

Page 25: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Read more at:http://vgsales.wikia.com/wiki/Video_game_costshttp://www.forbes.com/2006/12/19/ps3‐xbox360‐costs‐tech‐cx_rr_game06_1219expensivegames.html

Page 26: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

http://www.newgamernation.com/wp‐content/uploads/2011/05/game‐cost.jpg(Data from Forbes 2006 study)

Page 27: Past, Present, and Future - Computer Science and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2017...• Storyboard: the proposal • Model sheet: consistency • Animatic:

Types of game programming• Game engine

– Modeling and rendering– Animation

• Artificial Intelligence• Sound• Game logic / scripts• User Interfaces• Networking• Databases• Development tools• Systems/Parallel programming