Password Based Door Access System

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AbstractIntroductionDescription of MaterialsInterfacing of ComponentsP.C.B. Manufacturing Process

Modules Of Project

Road MapApplicationReference

CONTENTS


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Security is a prime concern in our day-today life. Everyone wants to

be as much secure as possible. An access control for doors forms a

vital link in a security chain. The microcontroller based digital lock

for Doors is an access control system that allows only authorized

persons to access a restricted area. The system is fully controlled by

the 8 bit microcontroller AT89C2051 which has a 2Kbytes of ROMfor the program memory. The password is stored in the EPROM so

that we can change it at any time. The system has a Keypad by

which the password can be entered through it. When they entered

password equals with the password stored in the memory then the

LED light glow indicating access. If we entered a wrong password formore than three times then the lock get blocked for limited time.

ABSTRACT


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Security is a prime concern in our day-today life. Everyone wants to be as much

secure as possible. An access control for doors forms a vital link in a security chain.The microcontroller based Door locker is an access control system that allows onlyauthorized persons to access a restricted area. The system is fully controlled by the 8bit microcontroller AT89C2051 which has a 2Kbytes of ROM for the programmemory. The password is stored in the EPROM so that we can change it at any time.

The system has a Keypad by which the password can be entered through it. Whenthey entered password equals with the password stored in the memory then the LEDlight glow indicating access. If we entered a wrong password for more than threetimes then the lock get blocked for limited time.

The default password is 12345 and you can change the password by dialing 12345,new password #button,you will asked master password which is 1234567890# thennew password will be saved. For example if you want to change the password fromthe default to 45321 then dial 12345# after dialing you will asked master password,dial 1234567890# then dial new password 45321 # . The passwords are stored on theEEPROM chip. The EEPROM works on I2C technology.

INTRODUCTION


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COMPONENT DESCRIPTIONRESISTORS: -

A Resistor is a heat-dissipating element and in the electronic circuits it is mostly usedfor either controlling the current in the circuit or developing a voltage drop across it, whichcould be utilized for many applications.

The following characteristics are inherent in all resistors and may be controlled by design

considerations and choice of material i.e. Temperature coefficient of resistance, Voltage coefficient of resistance, high frequency characteristics, power rating, tolerance & voltagerating of resistors. Resistors may be classified asFixedSemi variableVariable resistor.

In our project carbon resistors are being used.

Circuit Symbol for resistance


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CAPACITORS : -

The fundamental relation for the capacitance between two flat plates separated by adielectric material is given by:-

C=0.08854KA/DWhere: -

C= capacitance in pf.K= dielectric constantA=Area per plate in square cm.D=Distance between two plates in cm

Design of capacitor depends on the proper dielectric material with particular type ofapplication. The dielectric material used for capacitors may be grouped in various classes likeMica, Glass, air, ceramic, paper, Aluminum, electrolyte etc. The value of capacitance neverremains constant. It changes with temperature, frequency and aging. The capacitance valuemarked on the capacitor strictly applies only at specified temperature and at low frequencies.


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LED (Light Emitting Diodes) : -

As its name implies it is a diode, which emits light when forward biased. Charge carrierrecombination takes place when electrons from the N-side cross the junction and recombine

with the holes on the P side. Electrons are in the higher conduction band on the N sidewhereas holes are in the lower valence band on the P side. During recombination, some ofthe energy is given up in the form of heat and light. In the case of semiconductor materialslike Gallium arsenide (GaAs), Gallium phoshide (Gap) and Gallium arsenide phoshide(GaAsP) a greater percentage of energy is released during recombination and is given out inthe form of light. LED emits no light when junction is reverse biased.


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TRANSISTOR: -

A transistor consists of two junctions formed by sandwiching either p-type or n-typesemiconductor between a pair of opposite types. Accordingly, there are two types of

transistors namely: -(1) n-p-n transistor (2) p-n-p transistor

(NPN) (PNP)

An n-p-n transistor is composed of two n-type semiconductors separated by a thin sectionof p type. However a p-n-p transistor is formed by two p sections separated by a thin sectionof n-type. In each type of transistor the following points may be noted.

There are two p-n junctions, therefore a transistor may be regarded as combination of twodiodes connected back to back.There are three terminals taken from each type of semiconductor.The middle section is a very thin layer, which is the most important factor in the functioningof a transistor.Transistor can be used as an Amplifier also.


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TRANSFORMER : -

Definition: -The transformer is a static electro-magnetic device that transforms one alternating voltage

(current) into another voltage (current). However, power remains the same during thetransformation. Transformers play a major role in the transmission and distribution of ac power.

Principle: -Transformer works on the principle of mutual induction. A transformer consists of laminated

magnetic core forming the magnetic frame. Primary and secondary coils are wound upon thetwo cores of the magnetic frame, linked by the common magnetic flux. When an alternatingvoltage is applied across the primary coil, a current flows in the primary coil producingmagnetic flux in the transformer core. This flux induces voltage in secondary coil.Transformers are classified as: -

Based on position of the windings with respect to core i.e.Core type transformerShell type transformer

Based on Transformation ratio:Step up transformer

Step down transformer


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DIODES : -

It is a two terminal device consisting of a P-N junction formed either of Ge or Si crystal.

The P and N type regions are referred to as anode and cathode respectively. Commerciallyavailable diodes usually have some means to indicate which lead is P and which lead is N.


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Interfacing of Components

The microcontrollers reads user's programs and executing the expected task as per instructions

stored there in. Its primary elements are an 8 bit Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Accumulator(Acc), few more 8 bit registers, B register, Stack Pointer (SP), Program Status Word (PSW) and16 bit registers, Program Counter (PC) and Data Pointer Register (DPTR). The ALU (Acc)

performs arithmetic and logic functions on 8 bit input variables. Arithmetic operations includebasic addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Logical operations are AND, OR, ExclusiveOR as well as rotate, clear, complement and etc. Apart from all the above, ALU is responsible inconditional branching decisions, and provides a temporary place in data transfer operationswithin the device. B register is mainly used in multiply and divide operations. During execution, B

register either keeps one of the two inputs and then retains a portion of the result. For otherinstructions, it can be used as another general purpose register.

Description

The AT89C2051 is a low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 2Kbytes of Flash Programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device ismanufactured using Atmels high density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatiblewith the industry Standard MCS- 51 instruction set and pinout. By combining a versatile 8-

bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C2051 is a powerful microcomputerwhich provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications.


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Features of AT89C2051

1. Compatible with MCS-51 Products2. 2 Kbytes of Reprogrammable Flash

Memory3. Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles4. 2.7 V to 6 V Operating Range5. Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz6. Two-Level Program Memory Lock7. 128 x 8-Bit Internal RAM

8. 15 Programmable I/O Lines

9. Two 16-Bit Timer/Counters10. Six Interrupt Sources11. Programmable Serial UART Channel12. Direct LED Drive Outputs13. On-Chip Analog Comparator14. Low Power Idle and Power Down Modes

PIN Configurations


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Block Diagram of microcontroller AT89C2051


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Schematic Dig


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APPLICATIONApplications

For security purposeFor locking purpose

Advantages

The main advantages of this device are as follows:

Highly secureFlexible & ReprogrammableWide operating range & wide operating areaLess power consumption

Cost effective & Easily availableLimitation

Difficult to implementSource code is comparatively complex


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REFERENCE : -

www.ehow.com

www.8051projects.info

www.howstuffworks.com

www.answer.com

www.electronicsforyou.com


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Password Based Door Access System

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