Passive Transport vs. Active Transport. Remember that all cells have … Plasma or cell membranes...
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Transcript of Passive Transport vs. Active Transport. Remember that all cells have … Plasma or cell membranes...
![Page 1: Passive Transport vs. Active Transport. Remember that all cells have … Plasma or cell membranes that are selectively permeable and very fluid… (Click.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1b0e7f8b9ab05998d587/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Passive Transport vs.
Active Transport
![Page 2: Passive Transport vs. Active Transport. Remember that all cells have … Plasma or cell membranes that are selectively permeable and very fluid… (Click.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1b0e7f8b9ab05998d587/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Remember that all cells have …
• Plasma or cell membranes that are selectively permeable and very fluid…
• (Click the animation below)
fluid membrane
![Page 3: Passive Transport vs. Active Transport. Remember that all cells have … Plasma or cell membranes that are selectively permeable and very fluid… (Click.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1b0e7f8b9ab05998d587/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Passive Transport• Does not require energy • Moves substances from a higher
concentration to a lower concentration
• Moves with the concentration gradient
![Page 4: Passive Transport vs. Active Transport. Remember that all cells have … Plasma or cell membranes that are selectively permeable and very fluid… (Click.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1b0e7f8b9ab05998d587/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Types of Passive Transport
• Diffusion • Osmosis• Facilitated Diffusion
![Page 5: Passive Transport vs. Active Transport. Remember that all cells have … Plasma or cell membranes that are selectively permeable and very fluid… (Click.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1b0e7f8b9ab05998d587/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Diffusion
• Movement of matter (particles) from a high concentration to a low concentration
• Moves particles that are small in size such as …
diffusion of particlesdiffusion of ink
wateroxygen
wastesions
Carbon dioxide
Food (glucose)
![Page 6: Passive Transport vs. Active Transport. Remember that all cells have … Plasma or cell membranes that are selectively permeable and very fluid… (Click.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1b0e7f8b9ab05998d587/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Osmosis
• Movement of water across a membrane from higher to lower concentration
Osmosis animation
![Page 7: Passive Transport vs. Active Transport. Remember that all cells have … Plasma or cell membranes that are selectively permeable and very fluid… (Click.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1b0e7f8b9ab05998d587/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
How do cells react to different environments?
• Because cells have cell membranes they will be affected by various concentrations of substances in fluids. (think about the egg experiment)
There are three environmentsa. Isotonic- same concentrations of water in and
out of the cellb. Hypotonic- higher concentration of water
outside the cell than insidec. Hypertonic- lower concentration of water
outside the cell than inside
![Page 8: Passive Transport vs. Active Transport. Remember that all cells have … Plasma or cell membranes that are selectively permeable and very fluid… (Click.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1b0e7f8b9ab05998d587/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
animations for various environments (click here to observe changes)
![Page 9: Passive Transport vs. Active Transport. Remember that all cells have … Plasma or cell membranes that are selectively permeable and very fluid… (Click.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1b0e7f8b9ab05998d587/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Facilitated Diffusion
• Passage of particles across the plasma membrane by means of transport proteins called channel or carrier proteins
• Used in the movement of small sugars and large amino acids across the cell membrane
faciitated diffusion animation
![Page 10: Passive Transport vs. Active Transport. Remember that all cells have … Plasma or cell membranes that are selectively permeable and very fluid… (Click.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1b0e7f8b9ab05998d587/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Facilitated Diffusion
carrier protein
![Page 11: Passive Transport vs. Active Transport. Remember that all cells have … Plasma or cell membranes that are selectively permeable and very fluid… (Click.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1b0e7f8b9ab05998d587/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Active Transport
• Requires energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
• Moves substances from a lower concentration to a higher concentration
• Moves molecules against the concentration gradient
![Page 12: Passive Transport vs. Active Transport. Remember that all cells have … Plasma or cell membranes that are selectively permeable and very fluid… (Click.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1b0e7f8b9ab05998d587/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Types of Active Transport
• Sodium-Potassium pump• Endocytosis• Exocytosis
![Page 13: Passive Transport vs. Active Transport. Remember that all cells have … Plasma or cell membranes that are selectively permeable and very fluid… (Click.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1b0e7f8b9ab05998d587/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cell membrane pumps (ion pumps)
1. Transport proteins embedded in the plasma membrane act as “pumps”
2. Each pump can bond to a particular particle whose shape fits it.
3. Chemical energy (ATP) alters the shape of the pump and this releases the particle to the other side.
4. Once the particle is released, the pump returns to its original shape.
![Page 14: Passive Transport vs. Active Transport. Remember that all cells have … Plasma or cell membranes that are selectively permeable and very fluid… (Click.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1b0e7f8b9ab05998d587/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Sodium-Potassium Pump
• Animal cells have a high concentration or K+ ions and a low concentration of Na+ ions compared to the environment
• A pump maintains these concentrations by moving 2 K+ ions into the cell for every 3 Na+ ions that it moves out of the cell
sodium-potassium pump
![Page 15: Passive Transport vs. Active Transport. Remember that all cells have … Plasma or cell membranes that are selectively permeable and very fluid… (Click.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1b0e7f8b9ab05998d587/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
EndocytosisThe membrane engulfs particles and takes in substances from the environment. Part of the
membrane breaks away and becomes a vesicle.
Phagocytosis: Engulfing food and particles, “cell eating”Pinocytosis: Engulfing liquids, “cell drinking”
Examples: large particles, cholesterol, bacteria, oil droplets pinocytosis animation phagocytosis animation
![Page 16: Passive Transport vs. Active Transport. Remember that all cells have … Plasma or cell membranes that are selectively permeable and very fluid… (Click.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1b0e7f8b9ab05998d587/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ExocytosisThe reverse of endocytosis. This is how the cell exports substances and gets rid of wastes.
Examples: toxic wastes, hormones, proteins, carbohydrates
exocytosis animation
![Page 17: Passive Transport vs. Active Transport. Remember that all cells have … Plasma or cell membranes that are selectively permeable and very fluid… (Click.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062503/5a4d1b0e7f8b9ab05998d587/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
An amoeba is a unicellular organism that eats by endocytosis and releases wastes by exocytosis.