Parts of the Brain. Three parts of the brain Hindbrain (lower) Mid brain Forebrain (upper)
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Transcript of Parts of the Brain. Three parts of the brain Hindbrain (lower) Mid brain Forebrain (upper)
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Parts of the Brain
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Three parts of the brain
Hindbrain (lower)
Mid brain
Forebrain (upper)
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HindbrainBrain Stem:
the center of involuntary actions: balance, breathing, heartbeat
Medulla: monitors the body’s response to injury, blood pressure, and reflexes such as sneezing and laughing
Reticular Activating System: Involved in sleeping and wakefulness
Begins in hindbrain, rises thru midbrain
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HindbrainPons:
Relay station between cerebellum and cerebral cortex
Regulating body movement, attention, sleep/alertness
CerebellumResponsible for movement, balance, and posture
Coordination – if damaged, can cause someone to walk unsteady or fall
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Midbrain
Top inch of the brain stemConnecting station for nerve signals
Contains part of the reticular activating system; passes signals from hindbrain to forebrain
Involved in vision and hearing
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Forebrain
Limbic systemControls emotional response
Hypothalamus:The size of a pea. Controls body temp. and regulates the pituitary gland
Helps control hunger/thirst
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ForebrainThalamus
Relays information from the body to the brain
Gets back information that is sent to other parts of the brain and spinal cord
Cerebrum2/3 of brain, 70% of weight
Divided into 2 hemispheres, each w/ 4 lobes
covered by cerebral cortex (outermost “bark” of the brain)
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Two hemispheres: right v. left
The two hemispheres are connected by a bundle of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum
Corpus callosum allows the two sides to communicate with each other
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Four lobes of the brainFrontal
located in the front of the brain, behind the forehead
Core of a person’s personality and emotional reactions
Socially appropriate behavior:Judgment
Problem-solving
Impulse control
Reasoning
Memory and ability to plan
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Four lobes of the brain
TemporalLocated behind your ears
Responsible for hearing, music, understanding speech, and memory for nonverbal events
Memory
Hearing
Recognition
Perception
Hearing language: Right – non, left - verbal
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Four lobes of the brain
Parietal LobeLocated on the top of your head
Your left parietal lobe makes sense of info coming in from the right side of your body; right does the opposite.
Helps you understand body senses, pressure, heat, cold pain, reading, thinking
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Four lobes of the brain
Occipital lobeLocated on the back of your head
Responsible for vision – left controls right vision, right controls left vision
Damage can cause blindness
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Endocrine SystemThe nervous system’s partner in controlling and coordinating the body’s functions
Hormones:Chemical messengers which are sent into the bloodstream and are responsible for maintaining normal growth, sexual development, and metabolism.
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Endocrine System
Glands: the organs and tissues scattered throughout the body that produce hormones.
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Glands
Pituitary GlandControlled by hypothalamus
Often called the master gland b/c its hormones influence many of the other endocrine glands.
Growth hormone
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Glands
Thyroid GlandProduces energy the body can use from nutrients
An overactive gland will cause you to feel nervous and jittery
An under-active gland will make you feel slow and depressed (and likely gain weight)
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Glands
Adrenal GlandInfluences metabolism and physical characteristics
Body shape
Hairiness
Produces adrenalineIn response to stress, fear, and anger