Parts of the Brain
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Transcript of Parts of the Brain
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Parts of the Parts of the BrainBrain
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How do we study the brain?How do we study the brain?
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•Case study analysis of brain injuries
•IE. Phineas Gage
AccidentsAccidents
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Phineas Gage VideoPhineas Gage Video• While you watch think about these
questions:
• What part of the brain deals with emotions
• What part of the brain deals with judgment
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LesionsLesions• Lesioning is the removal or
destruction of part of the brain.• IE. Lobotomy
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Essential QuestionsEssential Questions• What are the key functions of the
brain?• What are the parts for responsible?
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Divisions of the BrainDivisions of the Brain
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I. The HindbrainI. The Hindbrain
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HindbrainHindbrain
•basic biological functions•3 main parts:
–Medulla–Cerebellum–Pons
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Hindbrain partsHindbrain parts•There are three brain areas
associated with the Hindbrain (some parts are associated with Brain Stem):–Medulla–Cerebellum–Pons
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Hindbrain partsHindbrain parts•Medulla: breathing, heart rate
and blood pressure…•Cerebellum: coordinates
voluntary movements and balance (along with the BASIL GANGLIA)
•Pons: sleep center (among many other things)
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Partner UpPartner Up
•Get a simile summary for the group of two
•You may pick any part of the hindbrain and make up a simile
•Have fun with this!
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II. The MidbrainII. The Midbrain
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MidbrainMidbrain• located between the hindbrain
and the forebrain•simple muscle movements with
changes in sensory information•hearing and sight•pupil dilation and eyeball
movement
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III. The ForebrainIII. The Forebrain
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ForebrainForebrain• thoughts and reason• 5 main regions:
– Thalamus– Hypothalamus– Hippocampus– Amygdala – The Cerebral Cortex
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Limbic SystemLimbic System
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Limbic SystemLimbic System
•includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala
•“emotional brain”–helps regulate memory, aggression, fear, hunger, and thirst
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ThalamusThalamus•receives sensory input from all
of the senses except smell•routes input to the proper area
of the brain for processing–“relay center”
•controls the electrical currents in the brain
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HypothalamusHypothalamus•maintenance activities:
eating, drinking, fight/flight, and sexual arousal
•(Four f’s)…
•Controls the pituitary gland
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HippocampusHippocampus•memory processing
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AmygdalaAmygdala
•emotions, especially those of aggression, rage, and fear
•In stressful situations, where teens make some of their decisions
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Cerebral CortexCerebral Cortex
• intricate, wrinkled covering of the brain (FISSURES), Covers the brain’s lower level structures
• ultimate control and information processing center
• ~ 30 billion nerve cells
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Cerebral CortexCerebral Cortex• In addition to interneurons, it
contains GLIAL CELLS– guide neural connections, provide
nutrients to myelin, and mop up neurotransmitters
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Partner UpPartner Up
•Get a simile summary for the group of two
•You may pick any part of the forebrain and make up a simile
•Have fun with this!
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Cerebral CortexCerebral Cortex
•split into two halves or Hemispheres:–Right Hemisphere–Left Hemisphere
•The two hemispheres of the brain are connected by the CORPUS CALLOSUM
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Hemispheres of the BrainHemispheres of the Brain
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VideoVideo• Corpus Callosum
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Contralateral ControlContralateral Control
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Hemispheric DifferencesHemispheric Differences• “Left-brained” and “right-
brained” debunked• Brain is divided into two
hemispheres but works as a single entity
• Both sides continually communicate via the corpus callosum
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PlasticityPlasticity
• The ability of the brain tissue to take on new functions
• Greatest in childhood• Important if parts of the brain
are damaged or destroyed• The Story of Jodie
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Split Brain ProceduresSplit Brain Procedures• What is the role of the corpus
callosum?• What happens if we cut the corpus
callosum?
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LETLET’’S LOOK AT S LOOK AT THE LOBES!!!!THE LOBES!!!!
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•The Cerebral Cortex is split into four LOBES:–The FRONTAL LOBE –The TEMPORAL LOBE–The PARIETAL LOBE–The OCCIPITAL LOBE
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Frontal LobesFrontal Lobes
•just behind the forehead•involved in making plans and
judgments•abstract thought, speaking,
muscle movements•“Broca’s area”
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Temporal LobesTemporal Lobes
• Found near the ears• Involved in hearing• Memory retrieval
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Parietal LobesParietal Lobes
•behind the frontal lobes•general processing, including
mathematical reasoning•association lobes
– synesthesia
•sensation and motor control
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Occipital LobesOccipital Lobes
•Located in the back of the head
•The primary visual processing area
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Freud Tore (his) Pants OffFreud Tore (his) Pants Off
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Motor CortexMotor Cortex
•At the rear of the frontal lobes•Controls voluntary movement
–receives messages from the rest of the brain and then sends messages to muscles
–contralateral
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Somatosensory CortexSomatosensory Cortex
• Located in the front of the parietal lobes
• Registers and processes body senses
• Soma is Greek for “body”
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