Parts of Speech Overview

To Begin

On a clean piece of paper, number 1 - 20

Page 2 of your Holt Handbook. Complete the Diagnostic Preview: Identifying Parts of Speech.

Answers

1. Preposition

2. Adjective

3. Noun

4. Verb

5. Interjection

6. Adjective

7. Conjunction

8. Adverb

9. Adjective

10. Preposition

11. Pronoun

12. Pronoun

13. Adjective

14. Verb

15. Noun

16. Conjunction

17. Preposition

18. Adjective

19.Verb

20. Adjective

Preview

Nouns Common and Proper Concrete and Abstract Collective Compound

Pronouns Personal Reflexive and Intensive Demonstrative Interrogative Relative Indefinite

Nouns

Definition (refer to 1a on page 3)

A noun names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea

Example: The dog ate the cat.

Common and Proper Nouns

Page 3 of Holt Handbook

Common Noun Names one of a group

of persons, places, things, or ideas

Proper Nouns Names a particular

person, place, thing, or idea

Concrete and Abstract

On your paper, sketch the following: Award Courage Adventure Monkey

Concrete and Abstract Nouns

Concrete Noun Names a person,

place, or thing that can be perceived by one or more of the senses

Abstract Noun Names an idea, a

feeling, a quality, or a characteristic

Collective and Compound Nouns

Page 4 in your Holt Handbook

Collective Noun Singular form naming a

group. Example: This class. While

there are many of us, this class is regarded as one.

Compound Noun Consists of two or more

words that together name a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.

The Pronoun

Page 5 in your Holt Handbook

Definition: A pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns or pronouns.

Antecedent: The word that the pronoun replaces.

The Pronoun

Write down this sentence: Mr. Kelly smells his armpit.

Underline the nouns (there are two).

Circle the pronoun (the word that takes the place of, in this case, a noun)

Box the Antecedent (the noun the pronoun replaces)

The Adjective

Preview

Define

Articles

Words can be both?!?

Proper Adjectives

Exercises

The Adjective

Refer to page 9 in your Holt Handbook

Definition: An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun Modify: To describe or to make more definite

the meaning of the word. Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns by telling what kind, which one, how many, or how much

Articles

A, An, and The Our Holt Handbook refers to articles as

Adjectives – other grammarians do not. I tend the believe they are their own part of speech.

Three of the most common words. A and an are Indefinite articles The is a definite article

Whaaatt!?!

Some words can be both adjectives or pronouns or both adjectives and nouns. It is important to read the complete sentence and work in context. Examples on page 10 and 11

Proper Adjectives

An adjective formed from a proper noun A lecture of Mr. Kellian proportions. See page 12 for more examples

The Verb and the Adverb

Preview

Definition

Action and Linking Verbs

Main and Helping Verbs

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

Exercises

The Verb

Refer to page 13 in your Holt Handbook

Definition: A verb expresses action or a state of being

Examples: run, sit, think, dance, wallop.

In my opinion: Verbs are the key to sentences.

Action verbs and Linking Verbs

Action verbs: Expresses either physical or mental activity (see chart, page 13)

Linking verbs: connects the subject to a word or work group in the predicate. If this is mumbo-jumbo to you now, spend

time memorizing the charts on page 14.

Main Verbs and Helping Verbs

Verb phrases: Consists of at least one main verb and one or more helping verbs. Refer to chart on page 15.

Transitive Verbs and Intransitive Verbs

Object: a word that tells who or what received the action.

Definition: Transitive Verb has an object

Definition: Intransitive Verb does not have an object Refer to page 16 for examples

Exercise

Take out a clean piece of paper and turn to page 17 of your Holt Handbook.Complete “Exercise 3: Identifying and Classifying Verbs” However, follow these directions:For each sentence, write down the verb(s) present in each sentence. The following slide shows the number of verbs for each sentence.

Exercise 3 template

1. One verb phrase

2. One verb, one verb phrase

3. Three verb phrases

4. Four verbs

5. One verb phrase

6. One verb

7. One verb

8. Two verbs

9. Two verbs

10.One verb

Exercise 3 answers

1. Has borrowed

2. Sounds; do hear

3. Will pronounce; will spell; had come

4. Hides; gives; is

5. Might have come

6. Came

7. Is

8. Adopted; became

9. Became; led

10.know

The Adverb

Works much like and adjective

An Adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb Reminder: To modify means to describe or

make more definite the meaning of a word.

Adverbs tell how, when, where, or to what extent (how much or how long)

Refer to page 18 for examples.

Prepositions, Conjunctions, Interjections

PrepositionShows the relationship of a noun or pronoun, called the object of

the preposition, to another word.

Examples

The puppy ran beside me.

The puppy ran toward me.

The puppy ran around me.

The puppy ran past me.

The puppy ran after me.

The puppy ran behind me.

The puppy ran in front of me.

Preposition or Adverb?

Preposition:We drove around the parking lot.(The compound noun parking lot is the object of around.)

Adverb:We drove around for a while.(Around modifies the verb drove.)

Compound Prepositions

A preposition that consists of two or more words.

Examples: The young sculptor made a scale model of

Mount Rushmore out of clay. She placed a photograph of Mount Rushmore

next to her clay model.

Homework

Exercise 5, pg. 22, #1-10

Write the complete sentences with the prepositions that you used.

The ConjunctionJoins words or word groups

Coordinating Conjunctions

Joins word or word groups that are used in the same way.

Example: We found a bat and a glove. They may be hiding in the attic or the

basement.

Correlative Conjunctions

Pairs of conjunctions that join words or word groups that are used in the same way.

Examples: Both athletes and singers must train for long

hours. We searched not only behind the garage but

also under the pecan tree.

Subordinating Conjunctions

Begins a subordinate clause (not a complete thought) and connects it to an independent clause.

Example: We arrived late because our train was

delayed. While Sherlock Holmes explained his theory,

Dr. Watson listened quietly.

The InterjectionExpresses emotion and has no

grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence.

Examples

Well, I think you should apologize to her.

Ouch! That hurts!

Example from Friday’s quiz

1. Zippers, which most people use several times each week, were not invented until 1893.

a. Adverb

b. Preposition

c. Adjective

d. Conjunction