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"There is no education like adversity."

Disraeli, Endymion

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In the English language . . .There are nine parts of speech . . .NounsVerbsPronounsAdjectivesAdverbsConjunctionsArticlesPrepositionsInterjections

It is important to understand that every word in a sentence has a job to do, a role in the sentence.

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Noun:person, place,thing or quality

Person: Mr. Garcia likes to eat spinach.

Place: Mission is an old town.

Thing: To cook you need a couple of pots.

Quality: Honesty is a great value to possess.

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Verb: shows action or state of being

Action: He ran through the forest.

State of being: He was sad that particular morning.

Being verbs: am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been, had, have, has

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Pronoun: takes the place of a noun

Guillermo was studying for the mid-term exam when he realized that it was three o’clock in the morning.

(There are actually many types of pronouns: personal, interrogative,demonstrative, indefinite, relative, possessive, reflexive, reciprocal)

Subjective Case Pronouns

Objective Case Pronouns

I MeYou You (your)

He, She, It Him, Her, ItWe Us

They ThemWho Whom

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Adjective: describes a noun

The beautiful woman only wanted a couple of pairs of shoes.

The rainy day made us even sadder.

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Adverb: describes a verb, adjective or another adverb

The little girl walked happily through the park.

The orphan hungrily ate the hot stew.

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Conjunctions: words that join words, phrases or sentences

Manuel and Marisol loved to cook.

You will go to school, or you will fail.

I am happy because I just received my check.

It has been cloudy since the morning.

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Article: There are only three articles--the, a , an (Actually, articles are adjectives and not a

different part of speech)

The bicycle was not only red but shiny.

A yellow moon always appears in October.

An excellent student, Armando passed all his exams.

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Interjections: expressive words

Wow! You knocked that ball out of the park.

Oh, you really need to take care of yourself.

Huh, what did you say?Ah, now I understand the problem.

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Preposition: A word or phrase that shows the relationship between the noun that it takes as an object

and some other word in the sentence.

The cat was on the table.The dog was under the table.These are some common prepositions:For on to upat under above towardWith between in behindFrom upon into off

@ Simple prepositions: Prepositions which consists only one word.

e.g. in, on, at, with, against etc..,

@ Compound prepositions: Prepositions which consists of two or more words.

e.g. instead of, in the middle of, by the side of etc..,

Kinds of Prepositions

Prepositions of Place

Some prepositions show where something happens. They are called prepositions of place.Examples:-

Sanny was sitting under a tree.

There’s a wooden floor underneath the carpet.

Some geese flew over their house.

John and Sarah were hiding inside the wardrobe.

There was a tree beside the river.

I have a friend who lives in America.

Special Rules for Prepositions of Place

In a country, area, state, city or neighborhood

On the surface of a street or blockAt a specific address or intersection of

two streets

Prepositions of Time

Some prepositions show when something happens. They are called prepositions of time.Examples:-

School startsSchool starts atat nine o’clock.nine o’clock.

We’re going to the zoo We’re going to the zoo onon Saturday.Saturday.

No, you can’t watch a video. It’sNo, you can’t watch a video. It’s pastpast your bedtime already. your bedtime already.

I visited my grandparentsI visited my grandparents during during the summer. the summer.

You must finish the work You must finish the work byby Friday. Friday.

I’ll do my homework I’ll do my homework before before dinner.dinner.

Specific Rules for Prepositions of Time

At, by or until a specific timeIn a specific time period (year, month,

decade…etc.)For a duration of timeSince a starting date or timeOn a specific day or dateDuring a continuing time period

Prepositions of Direction

Some prepositions show where something is going. They are called prepositions of direction.

Examples:-

The boys chased after each other.

The football rolled down the hill.

A man was walking his dog along the riverbank.

The freeway goes right through the city.

We were travelling towards Miami.

Special Rules for Prepositions of Direction

In(to) and out of for small vehicles like cars and chairs with arms

On and Off (of) for large vehicles (mass transit) and armless chairs or any long seat.

Other Special Rules

Between two, among three or moreFrom a starting point, to a destinationTowards a place, in the direction ofInto (entering) a placeIn (inside) a placeOn a surfaceOff a surface

1. A cat was sitting _______the roof of my car. (place)2. Some people were talking ___the movie. (time)3. A man was coming____ us on his bike. (direction)4. The party starts_____ six o’clock. (time)5. She put the book ____her bag. (place)6. We walked____ the street to the park. (place)7. She keeps her slippers____ her bed. (place)8. We always wash our hands ____meals. (time)9. She ran ____the dog because she was frightened. (direction)

TRY THIS:

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Identify each word in the following sentence

The beautiful queen was walking slowly on the cool lawn, and she was reading a long book about knights and kings which she enjoyed.

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The beautiful queen was walking slowly article adjective noun verb verb adverb

on the cool lawn, and she was reading a preposition article adjective noun conjunction pronoun verb verb article

long book about knights and kings which adjective noun preposition noun conjunction noun preposition

she enjoyed. Pronoun verb

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Assignment: Identify parts of speech 1. The queen knew that she would be the only pretty woman at the party.

2. The king did not know if he was going to make the cake, and he was afraid to tell the queen.

3. The thin waitress told the customers that they desperately needed to go on a diet.

4. I ran many miles every day, and I couldn’t lose a pound.

5. This quiz was a piece of cake.