Partnerships Spatial Data Infrastructures Metadata.
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Transcript of Partnerships Spatial Data Infrastructures Metadata.
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PartnershipsSpatial Data
InfrastructuresMetadata
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Partnerships
• Often fraught with hazards – can take longer and create friction
• BUT
• Often there is no real choice for they can bring:– New staff skills
– Additional technology
– Marketing skills
– Better brand image
– New insights on user needs
– New products
– Cost- and risk-sharing
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Local partnerships: an example
Channel Island National Marine Sanctuary
NOAA NMS
SB County Planning & Develop
Island Packers
Blue Planet
Commercial Fisherman of SB, Inc
Ventura College
UCSB
Channel Islands National Park
Calif Coastal Commission
Many, many others …
SSE
CIPE
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News of GIS Day is spread by use of the Internet and by advertising. Any organization can host such an event: 2,400+ organizations hosted GIS Day events in more than 91 different countries in 1999 (see map). About 2.4 million children and adults were enlightened on GIS technology on that day
Local to global partnerships: an example
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National partnerships via NSDIs
• The problem:– Data duplication commonplace – so waste occurs
– Ad hoc data sharing has many difficulties
– Data often tailored to one application
– Best data often collected in greatest detail at local level but not accessible to regional or national folk
– Indexes/metadata to available GI unknown until recently
– No general protocols for any of this until NSDI..
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What is a National Spatial Data Infrastructure?
• ‘the technology, policies, standards, and human resources necessary to acquire, process, store, distribute, and improve utilization of geospatial data’
Source: Presidential Executive Order #12906 (1994): 'Co-ordinating Geographic Data Acquisition and Access: The National Spatial Data Infrastructure' W Clinton.
BUT what does it mean in practice?
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Initial elements of the US NSDI
• Defined standards (mandated on federal agencies and encouraged for others) Minimizing inconsistency
• Clearinghouse – metadata descriptions of existing data. Advertising what is available
• National geospatial data framework - a common ‘template’ on which to assemble other data
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The NSDI is composed ofThe NSDI is composed of
MetadataMetadata
Geospatial dataGeospatial data
ClearinghouseClearinghouse
StandardsStandards
Partnerships
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The data provide a core...The data provide a core...
Geospatial DataGeospatial DataGeospatial DataGeospatial Data
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Categories of Geospatial Data
• Community-developed data sets usually derived for a single purpose but made available for potential re-use
• Data sets developed to a common content specification for high re-use potential. These are known as “Framework” data.
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GEOdataGEOdataFrameworkFramework
Categories of Geospatial Categories of Geospatial DataData
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Framework Framework provides. . .provides. . .a foundation to which spatial information
and attributes can be added.a base on which other themes of data
can be compiled.context to orient and link the results of
analyses to the landscape
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Digital orthoimagery
Elevation and bathymetry
Boundaries
Railroads
Geodetic
FederalState
LocalPrivate
Utilities
Spatial Analysis Base for Other Data Finished Maps
Roads
Cadastral
Hydrography
Framework DataFramework Data
Spatial Analysis Base for Other Data Finished Maps
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GEOdataGEOdataFrameworkFramework
MetadataMetadata
Describing your data...Describing your data...
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Metadata: “nutritional” Metadata: “nutritional” label for GIS data setslabel for GIS data sets
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The uses of metadataThe uses of metadata
documentation of existing (inventory) structured search and comparison
(advertising) use data in an appropriate context
(liability)
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Metadata developmentsMetadata developments Refinement of the FGDC Metadata
Standard Harmonization with international
standards Collection tools available Training available from FGDC
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GEOdataGEOdataFrameworkFramework
MetadataMetadata
Making data discoverable...
Clearinghouse (catalog)Clearinghouse (catalog)
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Clearinghouse provides...Clearinghouse provides... Discovery of spatial data Distributed search worldwide Uniform interface for spatial data
searches Advertising for your data holdings
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Clearinghouse operates Clearinghouse operates as...as...
Entry point to constellation of servers Collection of distributed Z39.50
servers A virtual “Google” for geospatial data
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WebWebClientClient
Gateway
ClearinghouseClearinghouse““Nodes” orNodes” or
ServersServers
This is all “Clearinghouse”This is all “Clearinghouse”
NOAANOAA
OregonOregonUSGSUSGSNMDNMD
NGSNGS
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GEOdataGEOdataFrameworkFramework
MetadataMetadata
Clearinghouse (catalog)Clearinghouse (catalog)
StandardsStandards
Consistent approaches...
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Who builds standards?Who builds standards?
ISO - Intl Standards Organization FGDC Standards working group in
partnership with . . . FGDC Thematic subcommittees Concerned organizations Producers and users of geospatial data
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Types of standardsTypes of standards
Data content—Common classifications
—Common collection criteria Data management
– Metadata
– Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)
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Standards under Standards under developmentdevelopment
Base Cartographic Cultural and Demographic Metadata Geodetic Control Networks Transportation Network Profile RiverReach File Version 3.0 Earth Cover Classification Geologic Facilities Shoreline
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Partnerships
GEOdataGEOdataFrameworkFramework
MetadataMetadata
Clearinghouse (catalog)Clearinghouse (catalog)
StandardsStandards
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Lots of people involved…
• Federal government (many agencies)• State government• Local government• Private sector – contractors, value-
adders, exploiters• Not for profit organizations• Citizenry• Others…• No one is in charge…
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The Geospatial One-Stop at geodata.gov
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Growth in use of US NSDI Clearinghouse
Note:
•Rapid growth
•International use almost as big as national
Source: Henry Tom
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An example of a global partnership
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OSU Transboundary Waters
waterpartners.geo.orst.eduwww.transboundarywaters.orst.edu
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Governments and the private sectors
• National governments own and control national mapping agencies
• All such mapping produced to national specifications until recently
• New private sector providers:– Produce imagery for anywhere in world
– Produce road databases
• How do we get these to work together?
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A Global Spatial Data Infrastructure?
• Difficult enough to get national players to work together…
• Is GSDI a process, a general framework or a product?
• Who are the stakeholders?
• Who needs it? (military doing what they need themselves?)
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A Research Agenda
• Future of the Spatial Information Infrastructure– Information policy
• Intellectual property rights, privacy, liability
– Digital government research
– Local generation and integration of data• Public participation GIS
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Other Research Priorities(Long Term)
• Geographic Representation
• Scale
• Spatial Data Acquisition & Integration
• Spatial Cognition
• Spatial Ontologies
• Space and Space/Time Analysis & Modeling
• Uncertainty
• Visualization
• GIS and Society
• Geographic Information Engineering
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Short Term Research Priorities
www.ucgis.org priorities-->research• Institutional aspects of
SDIs
• GI Partnering
• GI Resource Mgmt
• Gradation, Indeterminate Boundaries
• Geospatial Semantic Web
• Spatialization
• Pervasive Computing
• Location Based Services
• Spatial Clustering
• Geoslavery & Security
• Geospatial Data Fusion
• Global Representation and Modeling
• Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
• Dynamic Modeling
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Education Priorities www.ucgis.org priorities-->education
• Model Curricula• Emerging
Technolgies– Distance Education
• Supporting Infrastructure
• Access and Equity• Professional
Education
• Alternative Designs for Curriculum Content and Evaluation
• Research-based Graduate Education
• Learning with GIS• Accrediation and
Certification
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Life, partnerships and GIS
• When do you work in partnership with other people or organisations?
– What makes it worthwhile?
The same applies to GIS partnerships:
– Commitment to a cause, wish to improve matters?
– Personal ambition? Influence? Fame? Status?
– Money?
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Summary
• Partnerships versus competition
– Local
– National Spatial Data Infrastructure
• Geodata, Framework, Metadata, Clearinghouse, Standards, Partnerships
– Global Spatial Data Infrastructures
• Political power in partnerships
• Bringing it all together: the GIS game
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Summary cont.
• Choose GIS partners carefully, nurture relationships…