Partner Webcast – Oracle Database 12c: Reducing Upgrade Risk Using Oracle Products - 26 Sept 2013

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Upgrade, Migrate & Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c & 11gR2 – Overview

Alaa Fahmy Core Technology Product Leader – ECEMEA

Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 3

Performance Management

Q&A

Preparing to Upgrade

Upgrade & Migration Cases

Fallback Strategies

New Features in Oracle 12c


Security & Compliance

Big Data

Consolidation

Data Optimization

Application Development

High Availability

In-Memory

Performance & Scalability

Data Warehousing


Multitenant Environment – The Concept!

Consolidation

Reduced maintenance load

Simplified and fast provisioning, cloning and migration

The Option name is Oracle Multitenant


You don't have to use pluggable databases ... yet

Oracle Database 12c non-CDB works as expected

– But you can also use the new features – and this will require

changing old habits

Earth is Still a Sphere!


One SGA, one set of background processes, and one spfile

– Benefit due to resource sharing

– Applications will connect to the PDBs

– Up to 253 PDBs in one CDB

Behind the scenes

CDB$ROOT

PDB$SEED PDB PDB PDB PDB

spfile

Redo Control Flashback


After plugging a PDB into a CDB:

– Data resides in the PDB

– References will get created in the CDB

– In exchange access to dictionary objects from within the PDB

CDB-PDB: Who's who?

CDB$ROOT

PDB$SEED

OBJ$ TAB$ SOURCE$

PDB EMP DEPT

OBJ$ TAB$ SOURCE$


Anything not yet supported? Check the README! – Continuous Query Notification (CQN)

– Client Side Cache

– Flashback Data Archive (FDA)

– Flashback Transaction Query

– Flashback Transaction Backout

– Heat map

– Automatic Data Optimization

– Oracle Streams

– Database Migration Assistant for Unicode (DMU)

White paper: – http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/multitenant-wp-12c-1949736.pdf

CDB References

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/multitenant-wp-12c-1949736.pdf












New Features

Automatic Data Optimization

Extreme Availability

Security Features

Remarkable Enhancements



An in-memory heat map tracks access to

segments and blocks

– Data is periodically written to disk

– Information is accessible by views or stored procedures

Uses can attach policies to tables to compress or

tier data based on access to data

– Tables or Partitions can be moved between compression

levels whilst data is still being accessed

Simplifying the life cycle of data

Po licy 1



Add compression and tiering policies to tables

Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Confidential – Oracle Restricted 12

Oldest Data Most Recent Data

Po licy 1

Po licy 2

Compress Partitions with

Advanced Compression

if they haven’t been

modified in 30 days

Compress Partitions with Hybrid Columnar Compression

if they haven’t been modified

from in 180 days



A heat map tracks the activity of segments and blocks



Po licy 1

Po licy 2


Automatic Data Optimization: Heat Map Future Enterprise Manager screens - WIP



Policies are automatically applied to tables



Po licy 1

Po licy 2

If after 30 days partitions

haven’t be modified they will

be compressed using

advanced row compression






Po licy 1

Po licy 2

After 180 days of no

modification, the oldest

partition is identified to be

compressed using Hybrid

Columnar compression






Po licy 1

Po licy 2



Reduce storage footprint, read compressed data faster



Po licy 1

Po licy 2



Automatically tier data to lower cost storage



Po licy 1

Po licy 2

Po licy 3

If the tablespace is nearly full

then compress the oldest

partition with Archive Hybrid

Columar Compression and

move it to Tier 2 Storage


New Features



Security Features




Active Data Guard Far Sync

Other Data Guard Enhancements

RMAN Enhancements

ASM and RAC


Zero Data Loss Challenge

The longer the distance, the larger the performance impact

Trade-off between Zero Data Loss and Performance

Primary Standby

Commit

Commit Ack

Network Send

Network Ack


Active Data Guard Far Sync Example, New York London

Primary Standby

Far Sync

Instance (Active)

Far Sync

Instance (Idle)

New York

Bridgeport

Reading

London

Async



Data Guard Far Sync


RMAN Enhancements

ASM and RAC


Data Guard Real-Time Cascading

Primary Standby 1 Standby 2

In Oracle 12.1

Standby 1 forwards redo to Standby 2 in real-time, as it is

received: no propagation delay for a log switch

Standby 2 is up-to-date for offloading read-only queries/reports

SYNC or ASYNC ASYNC

Purpose: Eliminating propagation delay

In Oracle 11.2

Standby 1 waits until log switch before forwarding redo from

archived logs to Standby 2



Data Guard Far Sync


RMAN Enhancements

ASM and RAC


1 0 1

0 1 0 1 0

1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1

1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0

0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 1 1 0 1

1 0 1 0

0 1

Table Recovery From Backup

Simple RECOVER TABLE command to

recover one or more tables (most

recent or older version) from an

RMAN backup

Eliminates time and complexity

associated with manual restore,

recover & export

– Enables fine-grained point-in-time

recovery of individual tables instead of

the contents of the entire tablespace

– Restores the recovered table to an

Oracle Data Pump dump file

– Optionally imports the dump file and

renames the table in the target

database

RMAN Backups


Cross-Platform Backup & Restore

Simplifies procedure for platform migration

Minimize read-only impact with multiple incremental backups

Simplified Platform Migration

– Uses Data Pump for metadata, backup sets for data files

Restore Backup

(optional endian

conversion,

metadata import)

1 1 1 0 1

1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1

0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

1 0 0 1

1 1

1 0

1

1 0

1 1

0 1

1 1

1 0

1

0 0

1 0

1 0

0 0

0 1

1 0

0 1

Source Database (AIX)

Backup

to Disk/Tape

(data files, optional

endian conversion,

metadata export)

Destination Database (Linux)



Data Guard Far Sync


RMAN Enhancements

ASM and RAC


ASM Overview

Oracle Database 11.2 or earlier

ASM Cluster Pool of Storage

Node2

Disk Group B Disk Group A

Node3 Node5 Node4

Shared Disk

Groups

Wide File Striping

One to One

Mapping of ASM

Instances to

Servers

Node1

ASM Instance

Database Instance

ASM Disk

RAC Cluster

DBA DBA DBB DBB DBC DBB

ASM ASM ASM ASM ASM


Oracle ASM 12c – Overview

Oracle ASM 12c Standard Deployment


Disk Group B Disk Group A Shared Disk

Groups

Wide File Striping

One to One

Mapping of ASM

Instances to

Servers

ASM Instance

Database Instance

ASM Disk

RAC Cluster

Node4 Node3 Node2 Node1 Node5 ASM ASM ASM ASM ASM

ASM Instance

Database Instance

DBA DBA DBC DBB DBB DBB


Introducing Oracle Flex ASM

Removal of One to One Mapping and HA



Groups

Wide File Striping

Databases share

ASM instances ASM Instance

Database Instance

ASM Disk

RAC Cluster

Node5 Node4 Node3 Node2 Node1

Node5

runs as

ASM

Client to

Node4

Node1

runs as

ASM

Client to

Node2

Node1

runs as

ASM

Client to

Node4

Node2

runs as

ASM

Client to

Node3

ASM ASM ASM

ASM Instance

DBA DBA DBC DBB DBB DBB


Supporting Pre-Oracle 12c Databases

Pre-Oracle 12c Databases require a local ASM instance



Groups

Wide File Striping

Databases share

ASM instances ASM Instance

Database Instance

ASM Disk

RAC Cluster

Node5 Node4 Node3 Node2 Node1 ASM ASM ASM

DBA DBA DBC

ASM ASM

11g

DB

11g

DB DBB DBB DBB


New Features



Security Features



Real-time sensitive data redaction

based on database session context

Library of redaction policies and point-

and-click policy definition

Consistent enforcement, policies

applied to data

Transparent to applications, users, and

operational activities

Oracle Advanced Security

Redaction of Sensitive Data Displayed Preventive Control for Oracle Database 12c

Credit Card Numbers 4451-2172-9841-4368

5106-8395-2095-5938

7830-0032-0294-1827

Redaction Policy

xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-4368 4451-2172-9841-4368

Billing

Department Call Center

Application


Data Masking

Mask At-Source

Minimize sensitive data exposure

Securely Provisioning Test Systems

01001011001010100100100100100100100100100100100010

01010100100100100111001001001001001001000010010010

11100100101010010010101010011010100101010010

Subsetted & Masked

Data Pump File

12.1

Prod Test

At-Source Masking

Production data subsetted first

Sensitive data masked separately

0100101100101010010010010010010010010010010010001

0010101001001001001110010010010010010010000100100

1011100100101010010010101010011010100101010010

Prod

Data Subset Clone &Mask

11.2

Test


Oracle Database 12c Enterprise

Discover Use of Privileges and Roles Administrative Control for Oracle Database 12c

Privilege Analysis

Create…

Drop…

Modify…

DBA role

APPADMIN role

Turn on privilege capture mode

Report on actual privileges and roles

used in the database

Helps revoke unnecessary privileges

Enforce least privilege and reduce risks

Increase security without disruption


New Features



Security Features



Online Move of Datafiles

Rename or relocate datafiles online

– Move from one type of storage to another, or into ASM

– Examples:

Rename:

Relocate:

Copy:

Move into ASM:

ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '/data/user1.dbf' TO

'/data/user001.dbf';


'/test/user1.dbf';


'/test/user1.dbf' KEEP;


'+DATA/data/datafile/user1.dbf';


Row Limit

Example:

SELECT employee_id, last_name

FROM employees

ORDER BY employee_id

FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS ONLY;

SELECT employee_id, last_name, salary

FROM employees

ORDER BY salary

FETCH FIRST 5 PERCENT ROWS WITH TIES;

Select only the first 5 rows

Select the first 5% of rows and those whose salary “ties” with the lowest of the 5%



Q&A



Fallback Strategies



2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

Oracle 9.2 (GA: Jul 2002)

Oracle 10.1 (GA: Jan 2004)


Oracle 11.1 (GA: Aug 2007)

Oracle 11.2 (GA: Sep 2009)

Oracle 12.1 (GA: Jun 2013)

#1 Reason for Upgrade

JUL 2010 JAN 2007

Sustaining Support

JAN 2012 JAN 2009

AUG 2015 AUG 2012

JAN 2018 JAN 2015

today

today

JUN 2021 JUN 2018

Limited ES Extended Support Waived Extended Support Premier Support

JUL 2015

JUL 2013 JUL 2010

•http://www.oracle.com/us/support/lifetime-support/index.html

•Note: 209768.1

http://www.oracle.com/us/support/lifetime-support/index.html



https://support.oracle.com/CSP/main/article?cmd=show&type=NOT&doctype=REFERENCE&id=209768.1


Some MAGIC Questions

Question? Answer

Change to new hardware?

Change to new operating system architecture?

Change the characterset?

Consolidation (schema/database/...) planned?

Number of database to upgrade/migrate?

Size of database(s) getting upgraded/migrated?

Exact source and target Oracle version(s)?

Max allowed downtime?

Fallback requirements?

Test environment and testing tools?

Does a performance baseline exist?

Change required to enable New Features?


Upgrade Companion

Note:1462240.1

Upgrade Companion 12c – now available

Includes references to 10g, 11g & 11gR2 upgrade companions

https://support.oracle.com/CSP/main/article?cmd=show&type=NOT&doctype=REFERENCE&id=1462240.1


Upgrade OTN Page

http://otn.oracle.com/goto/upgrade (http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/upgrade/index.html)

http://otn.oracle.com/goto/upgrade

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/upgrade/index.html


Upgrade Blog: blogs.oracle.com/UPGRADE

Scroll

down

to go

to the

slides

http://blogs.oracle.com/UPGRADE


Step-by-Step vs Big Bang

– Upgrade/migration in pieces over a period of time

Considered as risk mitigating

– Everything in one downtime window

Sometimes necessary due to dependencies

Least critical systems first vs most critical system first

– Learn more with every step

vs:

– Learn about almost all from the beginning

Strategies?


Database Upgrade

– A database upgrade is called "Upgrade" because the data dictionary

will get upgraded to a later version

– This will include Oracle components, options such as JAVAVM, SDO

– No data will be touched, changed or moved

Migration

– A database migration will happen when the database will move to

new: Hardware, operating system platform, character set

Software Upgrade

– In-Place:

The new software will be installed into an existing SW location

– Out-Of-Place

The new software will be installed into a new software location

Terminology


Upgrade to Oracle Database 12c

Oracle

7.3.4

Oracle

8.0.6

Oracle

8.1.7.4

Oracle

9.0.1.4

Oracle

9.2.0.8

Oracle

10.1.0.5

Oracle

10.2.0.5

Oracle

11.1.0.7

Oracle

11.2.0.2

Oracle

12.1.0.1

Oracle 7.3 (GA: 1996)

Oracle 8.0 (GA: 1997

Oracle 8.1 (GA: 1998)

Oracle 9.0 (GA: 2001)


Oracle 10.1 (GA: Jan 2004)


Oracle 11.1 (GA: Aug 2007)

Oracle 11.2 (GA: Sep 2009)

Oracle 12.1 (GA: Jun 2013)

DIRECT 11.2.0.2

DIRECT 11.1.0.7

DIRECT 10.2.0.5

11.2.0.2 9.2.0.8 7.3.4

11.2.0.2 9.2.0.8 8.0.6

10.2.0.5 8.1.7.4

10.2.0.5 9.0.1.4

11.2.0.2 9.2.0.8

11.2.0.2 10.1.0.5

Please note: This graph will apply to database upgrades only!


Preparation Checklist

In the SOURCE environment:

Clean Up Empty the recycle bin

Check for INVALID objects in SYS/SYSTEM

Check for duplicate objects in SYS/SYSTEM

Remove outdated parameters

Components Check for INVALID components

Check for necessary components

Remove obsolete components

Performance Preserve performance statistics

Check network performance

Optional Perform Integrity checks


Clean Up: Parameters Real World Crosscheck

Internal Oracle production database

– Multimedia (ORDIM) component took very long to upgrade

_complex_view_merging = FALSE

_multi_join_key_table_lookup = FALSE

_library_cache_advice = FALSE

_index_join_enabled = FALSE

_push_join_union_view = FALSE

_push_join_predicate = FALSE

_always_semi_join = OFF

_pred_move_around = FALSE

_unnest_subquery = FALSE

_predicate_elimination_enabled = FALSE

_eliminate_common_subexpr = FALSE

_no_or_expansion = FALSE

event = '10195 trace name context forever, level 1'

event = '10778 trace name context forever, level 1‘

Upgrade time for ORDIM:

49 minutes

Remove all underscores and events

Upgrade time for ORDIM:

7 minutes

Factor

x7


Preparation Check List

In the TARGET environment:

Checks

Download

Settings

Software Certification Information

Installation Requirements

Software and Patch Sets

CPUs, PSUs and Bundle Patches

Single Patches

Parameter Recommendations


Parameter Recommendations

General guidelines:

– The fewer parameters you have in your spfile, the better

– Remove outdated parameters, underscores, events ...

Unless directed by applications (e.g. E-Business Suite, Siebel,

SAP etc.) to set them

– Try to adjust certain parameters based on testing, documentation

and white papers

Don't trust statements such as ..."THE tuning guru said ..."

Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 54

New Parameters in Oracle Database 12c

CELL_OFFLOADGROUP_NAME

CONNECTION_BROKERS

DB_BIG_TABLE_CACHE_PERCENT_TARGET

DB_INDEX_COMPRESSION_INHERITANCE

DNFS_BATCH_SIZE

ENABLE_PLUGGABLE_DATABASE

HEAT_MAP

MAX_STRING_SIZE

NONCDB_COMPATIBLE

OPTIMIZER_ADAPTIVE_FEATURES

OPTIMIZER_ADAPTIVE_REPORTING_ONLY

PARALLEL_DEGREE_LEVEL

PARALLEL_FAULT_TOLERANCE_ENABLED

PDB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT

PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT

SPATIAL_VECTOR_ACCELERATION

TEMP_UNDO_ENABLED

THREADED_EXECUTION

UNIFIED_AUDIT_SGA_QUEUE_SIZE

USE_DEDICATED_BROKER

Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 55

Deprecated Parameters in Oracle Database 12c

active_instance_count

background_dump_dest

buffer_pool_keep

buffer_pool_recycle

commit_write

cursor_space_for_time

fast_start_io_target

global_context_pool_size

instance_groups

lock_name_space

log_archive_local_first

log_archive_start

Max_enabled_roles

parallel_automatic_tuning

parallel_io_cap_enabled

parallel_server

parallel_server_instances

plsql_v2_compatibility

remote_os_authent

resource_manager_cpu_allocation

sec_case_sensitive_logon

serial_reuse

sql_trace

standby_archive_dest

user_dump_dest

From the Oracle Database 12c Upgrade Guide, Chapter 8.



Q&A



Fallback Strategies


New Scripts


What's new in upgrades to Oracle 12c?

New SQL Automation FixUp Scripts

– Fixing issues before and after upgrade

Detailed recommendations

Parallel Upgrade

– Saving up to 40% upgrade duration

– Upgrade driven by catctl.pl, not catupgrd.sql anymore

catctl.pl

script3.sql script2.sql script1.sql

script4.sql

script5.sql

script6.sql

script6.sql

script7.sql

script8.sql

script9.sql

script10.sql

script11.sql


Upgrade duration to Oracle 12c mainly depends on:

– Number of installed components and database options

– Number of objects in the database due to high amount of new

dictionary tables, and restructuring of some base system tables

– CPU Speed

Component HH:MM:SS

Oracle Server 00:16:17

JServer JAVA Virtual Machine 00:05:19

Oracle Workspace Manager 00:01:01

Oracle Enterprise Manager 00:10:13

Oracle XDK 00:00:48

Oracle Text 00:00:58

Oracle XML Database 00:04:09

Oracle Database Java Packages 00:00:33

Oracle Multimedia 00:07:43

Oracle Expression Filter 00:00:18

Oracle Rule Manager 00:00:12

Gathering Statistics 00:04:53

Total Upgrade Time: 00:52:31

Component HH:MM:SS

Oracle Server 00:16:17

JServer JAVA Virtual Machine 00:05:19

Oracle XDK 00:00:48

Oracle Text 00:00:58

Oracle XML Database 00:04:09

Oracle Database Java Packages 00:00:33

Gathering Statistics 00:02:43

Total Upgrade Time: 00:30:47

Install and patch Oracle 12c

Preupgrade Checks

Prepare Environment

Restore Entire Database

Upgrade Database

Post Upgrade Actions



Q&A

General Preparation Steps


Fallback Strategies


Zero Downtime?


Case: Near-Zero Downtime

Platform migration with near-zero downtime

Example Facts & Description

1. Hardware migration to an Exadata Database Machine

2. Cross Endianness database migration from Oracle 10.2.0.3 to Oracle 11.2.0.3

3. Maximum tolerated downtime: 5 minutes

4. Database size: 10TB

5. High redo generation rate

Oracle 10.2.0.3 HP-UX Itanium

5 mins

10TB

Oracle 11.2.0.3 OEL5.8 64bit

10TB


Introduction

True ZERO Downtime is very hard to achieve

– Only Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database can do that

Replication technologies are easier to handle and setup

– A limited downtime will occur to switch clients/application

Active/active scenarios are possible but will require extra work

Concept:

1. Start capturing changes on source

2. Create an upgraded copy on target

3. Start applying changes to target

4. Once in sync switch clients/application

Technologies:

– Oracle Golden Gate

– (NOTE: Oracle Streams was deprecated as of Oracle Database 12c)


Oracle Golden Gate

Paid option of the database

– Migratable license for 1 year which includes Active Data Guard

Works with many Oracle database versions

– Golden Gate 11.2 supports Oracle 10.2.0.4+, 11.1+, 11.2+

For earlier database versions (8i (DML only), 9i-11.1) use Golden Gate 10.4

Compared to Oracle Streams

– Generally faster

– Generally easier to setup and use

– Fewer data type restrictions

Oracle GoldenGate Installation and Setup Guide

Also works with non-Oracle databases (DB2, Teradata …)

GoldenGate OTN page: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/goldengate/overview/index.html

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E28323_01/doc.1121/e27278.pdf

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/goldengate/overview/index.html


Difference Conventional vs GG Migration

Eliminate the "migration" downtime

– Conventional Migration

– Near-Zero Downtime Migration

Downtime

Synch Database Migration / Database Upgrade Tasks

Database Migration / Database Upgrade Tasks

Downtime


Case: Near-Zero Downtime

Platform migration with near-zero downtime

Start Capture Mechanism

Build Up Database Copy with Data Pump or TTS

Start Apply Mechanism


5 mins

10TB


10TB



10TB


Start Capture Mechanism Build Up Database Copy with Data Pump or TTS


Capture

Capture: committed transactions are captured (and can be

filtered) as they occur by reading the transaction logs

10TB



10TB




Capture

Trail: stages and queues data for routing

Trail

10TB



10TB




Capture Trail

10TB

Build up the target database using: - Transportable Tablespaces x-Platform

- Export/Import with Data Pump



10TB




Capture Trail

10TB

Pump: distributes data for routing to target(s)

Pump



10TB




10TB

Golden Gate works bidirectionally -

from higher to lower release as well!

Capture Trail Pump Trail Delivery

Bi-directional


Minimal Downtime Migration with Oracle Golden Gate



Q&A



Fallback Strategies


Real Rolling Upgrade


Case: Real Rolling Upgrade

Rolling database upgrade with less than 5 min downtime


1. Neither HW nor OS migration involved

2. Database rolling upgrade from Oracle 11.1.0.7 to Oracle 11.2.0.3



Oracle 11.1.0.7 OEL4 64bit

5 mins

5TB


5TB


Case: Real Rolling Upgrade

Rolling database upgrade with less than 5 min downtime

Create a Physical Standby

Convert Logical Standby

Upgrade Logical Standby

Switchover

PROD Logical

Flashback Logical

Convert Physical

Upgrade via Redo

Apply

Switchover

PROD Physical

Oracle 11.1.0.7 OEL4 64bit


Oracle 11.1.0.7 PHYSICAL STANDBY

5 mins

5TB 5TB


Real World Checkpoint

Bielefeld University, Germany

– Mid size university in Germany (founded 1969)

18,000 students

1,600 employees

Interdisciplinary

Initiative of Excellence

Lead university for 33 German universities

Customer

Upgrade

Success?

Remarks

Project

Constraints

Preparation



Project scope:

– Upgrade or migrate 10 key systems from Oracle

9.2 to Oracle 11g

– Move from Single Instance to:

Oracle Real Application Clusters

Oracle ASM

Oracle Data Guard

– Use Transient Logical Standby for patch upgrades

to decrease downtime from 60 minutes to less than

5 minutes

Customer

Upgrade

Success?

Remarks

Project

Constraints

Preparation



Constraints:

– Character set conversions

– Outdated 3rd party software

Customer

Upgrade

Success?

Remarks

Project

Constraints

Preparation



Test migrations and upgrades

Setup Oracle Grid Control

Performance monitoring and tuning with SQL Tuning/Access Advisor and SQL Performance Analyzer (SPA)

Customer

Upgrade

Success?

Remarks

Project

Constraints

Preparation



Upgrade and migrations:

– Completed in Sept/Oct 2008

Transient Standby Rolling Upgrade:

Oracle. 11.1.0.6 to Oracle 11.1.0.7

– Friday February 13th, 2009

Customer

Upgrade

Success?

Remarks

Project

Constraints

Preparation



YES!!!

OOW 2009 presentation

Customer

Upgrade

Success?

Remarks

Project

Constraints

Preparation

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/upgrade/presentations/oow2009_bielefelduniversity_transient.pdf



Q&A



Fallback Strategies


Plug in a database


Case: Upgrade and Plug into a CDB

Consolidate an upgraded 12c database into a CDB


1. Source database must already be upgraded to Oracle Database 12c

2. Plug in the source database as new PDB into an existing CDB



Oracle 12.1.0.1 Non-CDB

15 mins

1TB

Oracle 12.1.0.1 PDB in a CDB

1TB


Upgrade first, then plug in

To plug in a database into a multitenant environment it has

to be upgraded to Oracle Database 12c first

– The upgrade steps are independent from the multitenant concept

Once upgraded:

1. Open the database in read-

only mode.

2. Generate an XML

description file.

3. Plug the database into the

destination CDB.


Two options:

1. Patch the CDB including all PDBs

2. Patch by plug out, plug in

Patching

Oracle 12.1.0.1

CDB$ROOT

PDB$SEED Oracle 12.1.0.1

PDB1

Oracle 12.1.0.1

CDB$ROOT


PDB1

Oracle 12.1.0.2

CDB$ROOT

PDB$SEED

Oracle 12.1.0.2

CDB$ROOT


PDB1

Patch

2



Q&A



Fallback Strategies



Fallback Strategy – Strategy

Never start an upgrade or migration without evaluating and

testing your options for going back

Complete RMAN Online Backup is always a must

Clarify:

– Fallback requirements in minutes/hours/days

– How to deal with issues happening during the upgrade

– How to deal with issues hours/days after the upgrade

– Will you get additional downtime to change COMPATIBLE?


Parameter COMPATIBLE

Minimum COMPATIBLE in Oracle Database 12c: 11.0.0

– 11.0.0 and 11.1.0 are equivalent

– Recommendation:

Change COMPATIBLE 7-10 days after upgrade

Changing COMPATIBLE will require a database restart

– SQL>

– COMPATIBLE can't be turned back

alter system set compatible='12.1.0' scope=spfile;

COMPATIBLE must be increased to ≥11.0.0

Downgrade possible

COMPATIBLE can remain on 11.x.y


Fallback Strategy - Issues during upgrade

ALWAYS take a complete ONLINE backup with RMAN

No Yes

Change COMPATIBLE parameter?

Set all data tablespaces into READ

ONLY mode and take an OFFLINE

backup of SYSTEM, SYSAUX,

UNDO, TEMP, redologs + controlfiles

≥ 11.0

Create a guaranteed

restore point for

Flashback Database

Restore and

recover

online backup

Flashback to

the guaranteed

restore point

Shutdown, restore the offline

backup files and startup

in source environment

Yes


Fallback: Restore Point

Flashback to a guaranteed restore point

– COMPATIBLE can't be changed

Pre Upgrade Environment Post Upgrade Environment

CREATE RESTORE POINT grpt

GUARANTEE FLASHBACK DATABASE;

SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE

STARTUP MOUNT;

FLASHBACK DATABASE TO RESTORE

POINT grpt;

SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE

STARTUP MOUNT;

ALTER DATABASE OPEN

RESETLOGS;

DROP RESTORE POINT grpt;

UPGRADE


Fallback Strategy – Issues after upgrade

AGAIN take a complete ONLINE backup with RMAN after the upgrade

No Yes

Change COMPATIBLE parameter?

≥ 10.2

Use Oracle Golden Gate

for a capture/apply

of data changes back to

the source release

Downgrade with the catdwgrd.sql and

the catrelod.sql

scripts back to the

source release

Use Data Pump to import

data back into an empty

database in source env

Yes



Q&A



Fallback Strategies



Configure AWR, ASH & ADDM

Real-Time ADDM

– MMON obtains performance stats every 3 sec without lock/latch

– MMON triggers a real-time ADDM analysis when:

– MMON slave process creates report and stores it in AWR

See the DBA_HIST_REPORTS view


Real Application Testing

Goal:

– Record and replay a real workload to see how a system performs

Platform independent

– Find regressions and changing plans before the upgrade

– Do consistent performance evaluations upon application changes

Licensable database pack "Real Application Testing"

Available since Oracle Database 11.1.0.6

Available also with patch sets Oracle Database 10.2.0.4/5

Consists of:

– Database Replay

DBMS_WORKLOAD_CAPTURE and DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPLAY

– SQL Performance Analyzer

DBMS_SPA


Consolidated Database Replays

• Allows workload

captured on

different databases

to be consolidated

for replay

• Works for

manually

consolidated

databases or

Pluggable

Databases

Validating consolidation strategies

SALES

HR

ERP

CRM



The Customer:

Deutsche Messe AG

– HQ in Hannover, Germany

– Largest trade fair worldwide

– Key trade fairs:

CeBIT

Hannover Messe

– ~1,000,000 m² exhibition space

Customer

Upgrade

Success?

Remarks

Project

Constraints

Preparation


Deutsche Messe

Project scope:

– Upgrade of a 3-node Oracle 10.2.0.3 RAC Cluster

to Oracle 11.1.0.7

Move from raw devices to ASM

Use Snapshot Standby instead of RMAN to refresh

development databases

Tune third-party application with Automatic SQL

Tuning

Sun Solaris 10

– Initially 2 databases to upgrade (each ~350GB):

CeBIT system

Online ordering web application

Customer

Upgrade

Success?

Remarks

Project

Constraints

Preparation


Deutsche Messe

Constraints:

– Keep the old hardware

– The "worst" application ever ...

Customer

Upgrade

Success?

Remarks

Project

Constraints

Preparation


Deutsche Messe

Performance:

– AWR snapshots

– Automatic SQL Tuning showed excellent results

– Real Application Testing (Database Replay) done

during high-load phase during CeBIT 2009

Customer

Upgrade

Success?

Remarks

Project

Constraints

Preparation


Deutsche Messe

Live? And alive?

– Yes! Go-live in September and October 2009

But highest load to be expected in March 2010

(CeBIT!!)

– Overall downtime: 4 hrs

– Application is faster than ever

– Customer kept 3 year old hardware

– All SAP systems recently upgraded to 11.2.0.2

More information: OOW 2010 presentation and Success Story

– http://apex.oracle.com/pls/apex/f?p=202202:2:::::P2_SUCHWORT:messe

– http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/customers/deutsche-messe-1-db-

snapshot-367194.pdf

Customer

Upgrade

Success?

Remarks

Project

Constraints

Preparation

http://apex.oracle.com/pls/apex/f?p=202202:2:::::P2_SUCHWORT:messe

http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/customers/deutsche-messe-1-db-snapshot-367194.pdf












Deutsche Messe

"Heal" a terrible application Customer

Upgrade

Success?

Remarks

Project

Constraints

Preparation

Improvement factor:

~250,000x !!!


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Partner Webcast – Oracle Database 12c: Reducing Upgrade Risk Using Oracle Products - 26 Sept 2013

Technology

Transcript of Partner Webcast – Oracle Database 12c: Reducing Upgrade Risk Using Oracle Products - 26 Sept 2013