Particulate Magnetic Tape for Data Storage and …Case Study of TCO (The Clipper Group) Source: The...
Transcript of Particulate Magnetic Tape for Data Storage and …Case Study of TCO (The Clipper Group) Source: The...
Particulate Magnetic Tape for
Data Storage and Future Technologies
Masahito OYANAGI
Recording Media Research Laboratories,
FUJIFILM Corporation
1
Outline
1
1. Background
2. Innovation of Tape technologies
3. Summary
• Exponential growth of data and storage
• Advantages of tape storage
• Key technologies to increase capacity
• Future tape technologies
2
Outline
2
1. Background
2. Innovation of Tape technologies
3. Summary
• Exponential growth of data and storage
• Advantages of tape storage
• Key technologies to increase capacity
• Future tape technologies
3
Exponential Growth of Data and Storage
3
Because of the exponential data growth, the demand for
storage is also increasing.
Medical care
Data center
Entertainment
Aerospace
Government
HD(4K/8K)
Security
Resource explorationResearches
2013
*1) The IoT Cloud: Infrastructure Options for Accelerating the Shift to Digital Business Services, IDC, 2016.
2025
162 ZB *1)
4.4 ZBWeather forecast
Finance
ITs
Pharmaceutical
Movies
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Demand for Tape Storage
4
Source: http://www.lto.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/LTO_Media-Shipment-Report_3.22.16.pdf
• Tape has increased its demand in the market with the
background of the exponential data growth
5
Advantages of Tape Storage
5
Tape storage is suitable for data archiving !!
- Low Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
- Low power consumption
- Low hard (unrecoverable) error rate
- Long media life (30+years)
1. Cost effectiveness
2. Energy efficiency
3. High reliability
4. High capacity- 15TB per single cartridge
- Continuous growth of cartridge capacity
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Outline
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1. Background
2. Innovation of Tape technologies
3. Summary
• Exponential growth of data and storage
• Advantages of tape storage
• Key technologies to increase capacity
• Future tape technologies
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Structure of Particulate Magnetic Tape
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Substrate
Backcoat
Under layer
Magnetic layerData recording
Prevent static charge
Prevent static charge
Roughness control
Magnetic particles
50 nm
0.1
1.0
10.0
100.0
1,000.0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Ca
rtri
dg
e C
ap
ac
ity
[T
B]
◇ INSIC Roadmap(2015)
◆Tape demo
◆MP◆BF LTO
●MP●BF Enterprise
8
Cartridge Capacity Trends
8
• All the latest tape systems use Fujifilm’s BaFe particle technology.
IBM-Fujifilm demo
Metal particles (MP)
Barium Ferrite (BaFe)
INSIC Roadmap (2015)
• IBM-Fujifilm have been developing tape technologies to continuously increase cartridge capacity.
• The latest BaFe demo can support the next 10 years roadmap.
220 TB (2015)
Year
9
Key Technologies to Increase Capacity
9
Extend tape length in a single cartridge
Increase areal recording density
Reduce tape total thickness
Enhance recording performance
• Thin & Uniform coating• Reduce tape surface roughness• Reduce magnetic particle size
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Tape Thickness Trends
10
0
5
10
15
20
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Tape tota
l thic
kness (μ
m)
Year
LTO1(0.1 TB): 8.9 mmTape length : 609 m
LTO7 (6TB): 5.6 mmTape length : 960 m
• Thickness of tape media decreases year by year.
• The demo(220TB) achieved a thickness of 4.3 mm, enabling tape length to exceed 1.2 km in a cartridge!
Demo(220TB) : 4.3 mmTape length : 1,240 m
★
0.01
0.10
1.00
10.00
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Magnetic la
ye
r th
ickness (μ
m)
Year
11
Magnetic Layer Thickness Trends
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★
• Fujifilm has been developing advanced coating technologies to reduce magnetic layer thickness.
LTO1(0.1TB)110 nm
LTO7(6TB)50 nm
• Thickness of magnetic layer decreases year by year.
12
Surface Roughness Trends
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0
2
4
6
8
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Su
rfa
ce
ro
ug
hn
ess, R
a(n
m)
Year
• Surface roughness of tape media decreases year by year.
LTO1(0.1TB) LTO7(6TB)
★
Demo(220TB)
• The demo media achieved a much smoother surface as compared to the production media.
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Part
icle
Volu
me (
nm
3)
Year
13
Magnetic Particle Volume Trends
13
• Metal particles (MP) faced limit to reduce their size below 2,800 nm3.
Limit of MP
• The size of magnetic particle decreases year by year.
Metal Particles
LTO1(0.1TB)LTO1(0.1TB)
100 nm
LTO5(1.5TB)
100 nm
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Part
icle
Volu
me (
nm
3)
Year
14
Magnetic Particle Volume Trends (Cont’d)
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• Metal particles (MP) faced limit to reduce their size below 2,800 nm3.
Limit of MP
• The size of magnetic particle decreases year by year.
★
Metal Particles
BaFeLTO7(6TB)
BaFe has become the de facto standard for tape storage
100 nm
LTO1(0.1TB)LTO1(0.1TB)
100 nm
LTO5(1.5TB)
100 nm
100
150
200
250
500 1500 2500 3500 4500
Co
erc
ivity (kA
/m)
Particle Volume (nm3)
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Size constraint on Metal Particles
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Coersivity vs. particle volume
• Reducing the particle size to less than 2,800 nm3 degraded themagnetic coercivity, which is critical to long-term storage of recorded data Capacity limit with metal particles
MP
100
150
200
250
500 1500 2500 3500 4500
Co
erc
ivity (kA
/m)
Particle Volume (nm3)
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Advantages of BaFe particle
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Coersivity vs. particle volume
• The coercivity of Bafe particles is independent on their size, and controllable by changing the particle composition The size of BaFe particles can be reduced for increased capacity!
MP
BaFe
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Metal particles vs BaFe particles
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MP BaFe
Particle Shape
Acicular Hexagonal platelets
Material FeCo alloy BaO(Fe2O3)6
Oxide
Origin of magnetic energy
Shape anisotropy Magneto-crystalline anisotropy
Passivation layer Required Not Required
Passivation layer
magnetization
axis
• The magnetic properties of BaFe particles are not influenced by their particle shape.• A passivation layer is not required since BaFe particles are oxides.The size of BaFe particles can be reduced without degradation of their magnetic properties
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Outline
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1. Background
2. Innovation of Tape technologies
3. Summary
• Exponential growth of data and storage
• Advantages of tape storage
• Key technologies to increase capacity
• Future tape technologies
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Perpendicular Orientation Technology
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Longitudinal orientation (MP tape)
Random orientation (Current BaFe tape)
Particle orientation Recording system
Highly perpendicular orientation (Demo 2015)
• BaFe particles can be oriented in perpendicular direction.
Longitudinal Magnetic Recording
PMR, which contributed to increase capacity of HDD can be applied in the tape storage system.
Perpendicular Magnetic Recording
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Part
icle
Volu
me (
nm
3)
Year
MP
BF
20
Magnetic Particle Volume Trends
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• For the future tape, technologies to reduce particle size to less than 1,000 nm3 will be required.
Demo (220TB)1,600 nm3
★
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Ultra Fine Magnetic Particle Technology
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Barium Ferrite
1,600 nm3
220 TB
• Fujifilm has successfully developed “Strontium ferrite particles”,with a particle volume of 900 nm3.
Strontium Ferrite NEW!!
900 nm3
(To be confirmed)
Particle volume
Capacity (demo)
0.1
1.0
10.0
100.0
1,000.0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Ca
rtri
dg
e C
ap
ac
ity
[T
B]
◇ INSIC Roadmap(2015)
◆Tape demo
◆MP◆BF LTO
●MP●BF Enterprise
22
Cartridge Capacity Trends
22
IBM-Fujifilm demo
MP
BaFe
INSIC Roadmap (2015)
BaFe can support the next 10 year’s tape roadmap.
SrFe will enable to further high capacity cartridge in the future !!
SrFe
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Summary
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• Tape storage is suitable for data archiving owing to its advantages.
• The cartridge capacity of particulate tapes has increased as a result of innovations in tape technology.
• Fujifilm’s BaFe particle technology contributes to continuous growth of cartridge capacity of tape storage, and can support tape roadmap over the next 10 years.
• Fujifilm has successfully developed “Strontium ferrite particles”, with a volume of 900 nm3, which will enable to further high capacity cartridge in the future.
Future of tape storage is brighter than ever!!
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Appendix
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26
New Role of Tape as Cold Data Storage
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20 40 60 80 100 Percentage in all storage capacity (%)
Pe
rce
nta
ge
in
all
acce
ss (
%)
100
80
60
40
20
Hot tierAccess frequently (50-80%) / Very small capacity (<10%)
Warm tierAccess sometimes / small capacity (20%)
Cold tierAccess rarely / Huge capacity (80%)
• Most data is very rarely accessed, however, data must be retained for preservation to ensure
compliance with legal requirements or, for future reference to analyze business opportunities.**
• But budget is limited.
*90% data in NAS is never accessed. (Source: University of California, Santa Cruz)
**Retention of 20 year or more is required by 70%. (Source: SNIA-100 year archive survey)
Storage for COLD data has become a HOT topic
Reliable yet inexpensive storage media is required.
Tape storage
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LTO Roadmap
27Source; https://www.lto.org/technology/what-is-lto-technology/
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Case Study of TCO (The Clipper Group)
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Source: The Clipper GroupPreconditions:・Initial Capacity: 1PB・Annual Growth Rate: 55%・Storage Refresh Period: 3 years・Total Storage Period: 9 years
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Energy Cost
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
HDD Tape
M$
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
HDD Tape
M$
80%↓ 94%↓
• Tape storage provides large capacity with a low TCO and low energy consumption
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Technical demonstrations
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• Media type: BaFe particulate tape
• Areal recording density of 123Gbpsi was achieved, enables a single tape cartridge
to store up to 220TB, which is 37 times larger capacity than the latest LTO format.
Bit area : ~1/30
140nm
37nm
LTO7 (6TB)
Demo (220TB)
47nm
13nmRef : HDD(1,000Gbpsi)
220TB demo in 2015 (IBM and Fujifilm)
330TB demo in 2017 (IBM and Sony)*
• Media type: Sputtered tape
• Areal recording density of 201Gbpsi was achieved, corresponding to 330TB
*https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/201708/17-070E/index.html
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Tape Manufacturing Process
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Coating Process
Figure; http://www.sony-asia.com/microsite/b2b/technical/manufacturing-technology/metal-partical-tape/
Slitting Process
Format & Packaging
Dispersion Process
• High productivity coating manufacturing systemMass production at a low media cost
Calendaring Process
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Advanced Coating Technology
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ATOMM Technology
Average thickness 110 nm
Thickness deviation 25 nm
NANOCUBIC Technology
Average thickness 60 nm
Thickness deviation 6 nm
Under layer
Magnetic layer
• Thinner magnetic layer with less deviation was achieved by NANOCUBIC coating technology.
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Storage Media Comparison for Cold Data
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Tape(Latest formats data)
Capacity Optimized-HDD Optical disc
Capacity [TB/unit] 6 to 15 4 to 10 0.128(Blu-ray)
1.5TB/cart(12 discs)
Sustained transfer rate [MBps] 252 to 360
≈160 to 249(Slower at inner
positions**)
Up tp 138 (Read)Up tp 55 (Write)(Slower at inner
positions**)
Access time in libraries [s] ≈30(shorter tape)-80
(incl. loading) mili ≈60-90 (inlc. loading)
Media lifetime [year] 30 3 to 5 50
Cost/GB [$/GB] ≈0.01(LTO) ≈0.05 ≈0.10 (Archival disc)
CO2* Relative value 1/10 to 1/30 1 Similar to tape
Hard error rate 1E-19 to 1E-20 1E-15 to 1E-16 -
Write after verifyYes
(No transfer rate loss)
Optional(Transfer rate may drop
in write operation)
Optional(Transfer rate may
drop in write operation)
Latest media tech BaFe SMR/He-Shield Multi layer
Capacity [TB/unit]220(Demonstrated in
2015)48(LTO10)
20 with HAMR / TDMR100 by 2025?
≈0.46/disc
Transfer rate [MBps] Multi Ch / Linear denisity1,100(LTO10)
Up to 250?(Constrain of rpm)
≈250 (Read)≈125 (Write)
Blue characters show advantages
*Source: JEITA tape storage committee (2013)
**Bits per rotation at an inner position are less than at an outer, so transfer rate is slower at an inner position. (up to -50%)
*** http://www.everspan.com/specs, http://hlds.co.kr/v2/HL200_eng.pdf
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