Participle clauses:

Michael opened the living room door and went inside. But, because he didn’t recognize the man immediately, he said nothing.

Just as he was opening his mouth to ask him what he wanted, Michael realized who the man was.

Because he hadn’t seen his brother since he’d emigrated to Canada over twenty years ago, Michael hadn’t recognized him earlier.

As his brother had grown a beard, he looked quite different.

Because Michael was so pleased to see his brother Patrick, he threw his arms around him and hugged him tightly.

The storm which was rising carried away the roof.

They won’t be able to oppose his struggle which continues.

I’m listening to the birds which are singing.

He rode away. He whistled as he went.

He holds the rope with one hand and stretches out the other to the boy in the water.

He opened the drawer and took out a revolver.

She raised the trapdoor and pointed to a flight of steps.

We take off our shoes and creep cautiously along the passage.

She enters. She is accompanied by her mother.

Passives

They make Rolls Royce cars in England.

They grow rice in China.

Bell invented the telephone in 1876.

Thieves stole two pictures from the museum last night.

They have built three new factories this year.

They have sold the picture for $3000.

The factory will produce 10.000 cars next year.

Did they make many cars last year?

Bell didn’t invent the television.

Passives

A lot of people in Canada play ice hockey.

They keep the results on a computer.

Her mother is helping her to do her homework.

The invitation says “arrive at 12.30”.

They pay me on the first day of the month.

Their grandparents are taking them on holiday.

They’re building 400 new houses there.

They throw unsold sandwiches away each day.

Workbook – Upper-Intermediate p. 7

Passives

They don’t make Volvos in Norway.

They built our house in the 17th century.

Has someone decorated your bedroom?

Someone’s decorating my bedroom at the moment.

We moved out of our house while they were building the extension.

We arrived home from holiday to find someone had burgled our house.

They won’t recognize her in those dark glasses.

Page 23

Passives

Men were decorating my house all last week.

Archaeologists discovered a medieval temple underneath the new housing estate.

The sports officials held the races indoors because it was raining.

Burglars had broken into our house and stolen all my jewellery.

Someone had booked the leisure centre for a children’s party.

The plumber was fixing the dishwasher so I couldn’t leave the house.

When we returned to our hotel room, the chambermaid still hadn’t cleaned it.

The chef hadn’t cooked the fish for long enough. It was still raw!

Workmen were putting up new traffic lights at the crossroads.

Page 45

Participles

Can you see the woman who’s dressed in red and sitting in the corner?

People who live in blocks of flats often complain of loneliness.

Letters that are posted before 5 pm should arrive the next day.

The train that is standing on platform 5 is for Manchester.

Firemen have rescued passengers who were trapped in the accident.

It took workmen days to clear up the litter that was dropped by the crowds.

They live in a lovely house that overlooks the River Thames.

FC Workbook

Page 41

Passive or active

It’s a huge company. Two thousand people______________ (employ) there.

The explosion ________ (happen) just after 9 pm. Fortunately, no one________ (hurt).

The hotel we stayed at was quite good. The rooms _______(clean) every day and they _________(change) the towels every other day.

He only has himself to blame. He_________(warn) he could lose his license the next time he_________ (catch) speeding.

All the children_________(send) home when the school’s central heating system ________________(break down) last winter.

The watch isn’t worth much but it has sentimental value. It ________(give) to me on my eighteenth birthday.

Five hundred employees __________ (make) redundant since the company ___________(take over) six months ago.

I wonder why Michael ________________(not invite) to Lee’s party next Saturday. Everyone else is going.

Your homework should_________ (hand in) on Friday at the latest.

We _______________(announce) the winner of our competition at tomorrow’s show.

Participles

She’s fascinated/fascinating.Her exam results were disappointed/disappointing.The holiday was relaxed/relaxing.The journey was tired/tiring.She is excited/exciting.The story’s amused/amusing.The documentary is bored/boring.The children’s behaviour was annoyed/annoying.The situation’s embarrassed/embarrassing.

First or second conditional

If it _________(rain) this weekend, we _________(not be able) to play tennis.

Give me Anika’s letter. If I____________(pass) a letter box, I________(post) it for you.

I wok about 80 hours a week, so I’m very busy. If I_________(have)any spare time, I’d (take up) a sport like golf.

If I__________(be) taller and thinner, I_______(can)be a model!

Please start your meal. If you_________(not have) your soup now, it_________(go) cold.

I think we have a mouse in the kitchen.If you______(have) a cat, it__________soon_____________(disappear).

If you __________(need) any help, let me know and I_________(come) and help you straight away.

You’re a brilliant cook! If I________(can) cook as well as you, I_________(open) a restaurant.

If there_______(be) any tickets left for the concert,_________you_________(buy) two for me and Tom?

What noisy neighbours you’ve got! If my heigbours________(be) as bad as yours, I___________(go) crazy.

Zero, first or second conditional

If you cook, I________(wash up).

If you go to the cinema before 6 p.m., the seats_________(be) cheaper.

I’d be very angry if you_____________(forget) my birthday.

If I see her, I______________(tell) her.

If I saw a ghost, I___________(take) a photograph of it.

I___________(not run) into a house if it were on fire.

Use the stairs if there_____________(be) a fire.

We__________(be) late if we don’t go now. If I____________(have) his address, I’d write him a letter.

REPORTED SPEECH (Intermediate Workbook – Revision)

Report the sentences

1. “I’m going to the station.”He said he__________________________

2. “We’ve got some champagne in the fridge.”

She said they________________________

3. “I saw him yesterday”.”

He said he_____________________________

4. “I don’t know the answer.”

He told me he__________________________

5. “We lived in London a long time ago.”

She said they___________________________

6. “I haven’t known him long.”

She said she___________________________

7. “What is your girlfriend’s name?”

I asked him ____________________________

8. “Which school did you go to?”

I asked her_____________________________

9. “Have you seen the news today?”

I asked him_____________________________

10. “Where does you friend work?”

I asked her______________________________

UPPER- INTERMEDIATE (str.49)

Future forms

Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense: the Present Simple, the Present Perfect, the Future Simple, or the Future Continuous

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome on board this British Airways flight to Rome. In a very short time, just as soon as we _____( receive), permission, we________ (take off). When we ________ (reach) our cruising speed of 550 miles and hour, we__________(fly) at 35.00 feet. Our flight time today is two and a half hours, so we_________ (be) in Rome in time for lunch!

The cabin crew ____________ (serve) refreshments during the flight, so just sit back and relax. We hope you ____________ (enjoy) the flight. If you __________(need) any assistance, just press the button and a flight attendant __________(come) to help you.

If you _________(look) out of the right-hand side of the plane, you___________ (see) Mont Blanc.

In a few moments’ time, the crew __________ (come) round with duty-free goods. We_____also_________ (give out) immigration forms. When you __________ (fill) them in, please place them in your passport. They ___________ (collect) as you go_________ (go) through passport control.

In twenty minutes’ time we_____________(land). Please put your seats into the upright position.

You are requested to remain seated until the plane _____________ (come) to a complete standstill. Before you ___________ (leave) the plane, please look around to make sure you ___________ (not leave) any of your possessions behind you.

We hope ____________ (fly) again soon with British Airways.

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSEhave/has + the past participle

Koristi se:

1. Za radnju koja se dogodila u proslosti, obicno u nedavnoj proslosti, ciji je rezultat jos uvek prisutan:

You’ve changed. What have you done to yourself?

2. Da oznaci trajanje radnje koja je pocela u proslosti, traje u sadasnjosti i verovatno se nastavlja u buducnost:

I have taught this class for ten years.

3. Za radnju koja se dogodila u neodredjeno vreme u proslosti, tj. vreme kada se radnja desila nije vazno:

I have seen this film before.

+ for, since, ever, never, yet, already, just, recently, lately, now, today, this week, up to now, up to the present, so far, not yet

THE PAST PERFECT TENSEhad + the past participle

Koristi se:

1. Da oznaci radnju koja se zavrsila pre odredjenog vremena u proslosti ili pre neke druge radnje u proslosti, u Simple Past Tense:

Lucille had learned English before she came to England.

2. Da izrazi trajanje do odredjenog vremena u proslosti:

By the time I left the school I had taught that class for ten years.

3. U indirektnom govoru, da izrazi ideju koja je u direktnom govoru u Present Perfect Tense ili Simple Past Tense:

He said that he had written her a letter.

4. Da izrazi radnju ili pretpostavku u proslosti koja implicira negaciju:

If I had known that you wanted the book, I would have sent it. (but I didn’t know)

THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSEwill/shall + have + the past participle

+ by, by then, by that time, by the 24th

Koristi se da oznaci:

1. radnju koja ce biti zavrsena pre odredjenog vremena ili neke druge radnje u buducnosti:

It is now 6:30 pm. I shall have finished my work by 8 o’clock.

2. trajanje do odredjenog vremena u buducnosti:

When I leave the school next week I shall have taught this class for ten years.

3. mogucnost ili pretpostavku:

It’s five o’clock; they will have arrived home by now.

THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSEwill/shall + have + been + - ing

+ by

Koristi se da izrazi trajanje neke radnje do odredjenog vremena u buducnosti.

By the end of this year he’ll have been acting for thirty years.

THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSEwill/shall + be + -ing

Upotrebljava se:

1. Za radnju koja ce trajati u odredjeno vreme u buducnosti:

This time tomorrow I’ll be flying to New York.

2. Za dogadjaj u buducnosti koji ce se desiti po uobicajenom sledu dogadjaja:

We’ll be going right back to the football after the break. (said on television)