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Participatory community Participatory community development plan: a vehicle for development plan: a vehicle for
knowledge sharing and knowledge sharing and sustainable developmentsustainable development
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MashreqMaghreb
Developing Sustainable Livelihoods of Agropastoral
Communities of WANA (M&M III)
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Mashreq-Maghreb Project evolved from technology development at
plot level to community empowerment
2008
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Problems addressed by M&MProblems addressed by M&M Low & fluctuating productivity of crops Low & fluctuating productivity of crops
and livestockand livestock Poor involvement of rural womenPoor involvement of rural women Increased degradation of rangelandsIncreased degradation of rangelands Poor participation of communities/people Poor participation of communities/people
in the local developmentin the local development Inefficient extension, top down (linear TT) Inefficient extension, top down (linear TT)
technology transfer (low adoption of technology transfer (low adoption of available technologies)available technologies)
Constraining land tenure & property Constraining land tenure & property rights (the commons)rights (the commons)
Poor investment in arid areas due to lack Poor investment in arid areas due to lack of appropriate policiesof appropriate policies
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ICARDA/M&M – IFAD working together…
Develop methodologies and tools for participatory management of natural resources in arid agropastoral areas
Empower agro communities through the creation of community-based organizations (CBO)
Getting policymakers at the local and national level to realize that technical, policy, and institutional options (TIPOs) must be strongly linked and integrated for a successful and sustainable rural development
Enhance on-going research and development initiatives using community participatory tools through a sound training program targeting all stakeholders.
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Where do we stand today ?From participation, to local development, to self-reliance
and empowerment of agropastoral communities
Passive participation: people are not against…
In kind contribution (labor force)
Financial contribution
Consultation: Participation “at a second degree »
Negotiation: active participation
Co-management: Emergence of CBOs
Self-reliance of CBOs (empowerment)
1970
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BOT Meeting, Amman Nov. 2008BOT Meeting, Amman Nov. 2008 77
Participatory technology testing: the adoption process
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CommunityCommunity
ModelingModelingScenariosScenarios
Develop. & Transferof Technologies
Policy & Property Rights Studies
Agro-Ecological Characterization
Validation with community representatives
Private sector NGOs
Public institutions Other communities
Presentation to decision-makers
CommunityCommunityCommunityCommunityCommunity
ModelingScenariosScenarios
Develop. & Transferof Technologies
Policy & Property Rights Studies
Agro-Ecological Characterization Develop. & Transfer
of TechnologiesPolicy & Property
Rights Studies
Agro-Ecological Characterization
Validation with community representatives
Private sectorPrivate sector NGOsNGOs
Public institutions
Public institutions Other communitiesOther communities
Presentation to decision-makers
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Tools & methodologies to implement PA and CDP in agro pastoral communities
99ICARDA second science week 2009
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Participatory Community Development Participatory Community Development Plan: Methodology/ Steps and toolsPlan: Methodology/ Steps and tools
Step 1.Step 1. Participatory Participatory characterizationcharacterization of the of the Community (territory and users): knowledge/learning Community (territory and users): knowledge/learning phase phase
Step 2.Step 2. Participatory Participatory diagnosis & planningdiagnosis & planning
Step 3.Step 3. Participatory Participatory programmingprogramming
Step 4.Step 4. Characterization & promotion of Characterization & promotion of community-community-based organizationsbased organizations
Step 5.Step 5. ImplementationImplementation and and Monitoring and EvaluationMonitoring and Evaluation
Process based on group animation and multi-disciplinary team work
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NRM and local development is the responsibility of all ….
But the final decision is the business of the community ….
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1. Institutionalization of the Community Approach (CA) and Implementation of Community Development Plans (CDPs) (outcome “A successful framework for community-based participatory research in WANA/ score 8.6”) 25 Agropastoral communities in IFAD-funded
project in Tunisia; Agropastoral communities in IFAD-funded project
in Morocco Agropastoral communties in Algeria, Syria, and
Jordan Legal framework of CBOs
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Impacts of M&M projectImpacts of M&M project
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Impacts of M&M projectImpacts of M&M project
2. Changes in the research and development paradigm for the dry areas:
i. The CA and its different components is contributing to the establishment of an integrated framework for the development of dry areas;
ii. Policymakers at the local and national level have come to realize that policy, technical, and institutional options are not and cannot be dissociated from each other if they seek to foster successful rural development.
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LivelihoodsStrategies
Policies,Institutions
andProcesses
VulnerabilityContext
Shocks
Trends
Seasonability
LivelihoodOutcomes
more income
increased well-being
reduced vulnerability
Improved food security
More sustainable use of NR base
Livelihoods Assets
Influence& access
In o
rde
r to
ac
hie
ve
KeyH = Human CapitalN = Natural CapitalF = Financial CapitalS = Social CapitalP = Physical Capital
H
N
FP
S LivelihoodsStrategies
Policies,Institutions
andProcesses
VulnerabilityContext
Shocks
Trends
Seasonability
LivelihoodOutcomes
more income
increased well-being
reduced vulnerability
Improved food security
More sustainable use of NR base
Livelihoods Assets
Influence& access
In o
rde
r to
ac
hie
ve
KeyH = Human CapitalN = Natural CapitalF = Financial CapitalS = Social CapitalP = Physical Capital
H
N
FP
S
Conceptual ModelConceptual Model
TIPOs
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6.6. Knowledge development and sharing/ Knowledge development and sharing/ NetworkingNetworking
Network of more than 80 scientists from mashreq Network of more than 80 scientists from mashreq and Maghreband Maghreb
M&M Website (M&M Website (www.mashreq-maghreb.orgwww.mashreq-maghreb.org)) M&M News: biannual (5 issues)M&M News: biannual (5 issues) Publication of field manual on CA and CDP (English) Publication of field manual on CA and CDP (English)
and in collaboration with Karianet (Arabic)and in collaboration with Karianet (Arabic) Technical booklets (Rangeland improvement & mgt, Technical booklets (Rangeland improvement & mgt,
Sheep husbandry & reproduction improvement)Sheep husbandry & reproduction improvement) Scientific papers in refereed journalsScientific papers in refereed journals
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Impacts of M&M projectImpacts of M&M project
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Knowledge development and dissemination (M&M I& II):
Selected examples
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Knowledge development and dissemination (M&M I& II):
Selected examples
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Knowledge development and dissemination (M&M I& II):
Selected examples
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www.mashreq-maghreb.orgwww.mashreq-maghreb.org
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Knowledge development and sharingKnowledge development and sharing
BOT Meeting, Amman Nov. 2008BOT Meeting, Amman Nov. 2008 2020
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Knowledge development and sharingKnowledge development and sharing
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9.9. Development Projects benefit from M&M!Development Projects benefit from M&M!
Barani Project, PakistanBarani Project, Pakistan Kordofan project, SudanKordofan project, Sudan Siliana & Zaghouan Projects, TunisiaSiliana & Zaghouan Projects, Tunisia PRODESUD, TunisiaPRODESUD, Tunisia PDPEO, MoroccoPDPEO, Morocco PDRTT, MoroccoPDRTT, Morocco Oued Safsaf, AlgeriaOued Safsaf, Algeria ARMPII (Jordan), ARMPII (Jordan), Badia (Syria), Badia (Syria), KARIANET/IDRCKARIANET/IDRC
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Impacts of M&M projectImpacts of M&M project
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Key messagesKey messages
M&M revised and developed good technologies and approaches for livestock-based systems to adapt to drought and to promote investment in dry areas.
M&M developed and institutionalized community approach and CDPs empowering communities and promoting local development addressing real needs.
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Key messagesKey messages
The CDP is a platform of mutual learning where all stakeholders (community, development agencies, technicians, researchers, NGOs, decision makers, etc…) negotiate development options.
M&M developed and used efficient mechanisms and knowledge sharing (networks of more than 80 ICARDA and NARS scientists, CBOS, ICT, Newsletter, TANs, publications, etc.)
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What is next ?What is next ?
Adaptation of agropastoral Adaptation of agropastoral communities to climate change communities to climate change
in dry non-tropical areasin dry non-tropical areas