participantes_Economic Strategies for Environment_The Portuguese Green Growth Strategy in the Global...

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António Alvarenga 1

ECONOMIC STRATEGIES FOR THE ENVIRONMENT:

THE PORTUGUESE GREEN GROWTH STRATEGY IN

THE GLOBAL CONTEXT

António AlvarengaIST/CEG-IST, ISEG, ALVA R&C


Index

• The twin challenge: plotting human development and ecological footprint

• Sustainable development

• Megatrends

• ‘Green’ Economy: the concept

• ‘Green’ Economy / ‘Green’ Growth: A Family of Concepts

• The Green Growth Commitment

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Twin challenge (UNEP 2012, GEO5 Global Environment Outlook)

“a good life”


In response to the global economic crisis, the concept of ‘Green’ Economyemerged, as a tool for sustainable optimization of resources and jobcreation.

This concept has been gaining traction and may become relevant in thesearch for solutions to the multiple global challenges Portugal faces today,in the context of the structural transformation of its economy.

Sustainable development

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Sustainable development – a definition

The concept of sustainable development is reflected in a pattern ofdevelopment that "seeks to meet the needs of the present withoutcompromising those of future generations." This concept contains twoessential aspects:

• The concept of needs. In particular, the needs of the poorest countries,to which priority should be given;

• The idea that there are limitations imposed by technology’s state of theart, social organization and the environment's ability to meet present andfuture needs.

Source: Brundtland Report 1987 and DPP 2010: SD28 - Sustentabilidade



Sustainable development - a vision?

Sustainable development is simultaneously:

• A concept - the way it changes the world’s prevailing perception towards amore holistic and balanced approach;

• A process - how its principles are integrated over time and space, in alldecisions;

• A final goal or target - dealing with the specific problems of resourcedepletion, health care, social exclusion, poverty, unemployment, amongothers.

Source: DPP 2010: SD28 - Sustentabilidade


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Sustainable development - characteristics

The general principles related to sustainability include:

→ Intergenerational balance, allowing future generations to have at least the samechances in environmental terms than the present generation (if not better);

→ Decoupling economic growth from environmental degradation, increasingeconomic efficiency so that sustainable development is less resource intensive;

→ Integration of all pillars: environment, economy, society, culture and politics;

→ Focus on adaptive capacity and resilience of ecosystems;

→ Prevention of irreversible damage to ecosystems and human health;

→ Guarantee of equity, avoiding unnecessary and high environmental costs to themost vulnerable populations;

→ Acceptance of responsibility for the effects globally caused to the environment;

→ Growing environmental awareness and education, embodied in problemidentification and in research and development of solutions.

Source: DPP 2010: SD28 - Sustentabilidade



Megatrends

» Megatrends have been and will remain key determinants of prosperity and peace for decades or even centuries...

» The recognition of the dialectic between economic growth and sustainable development is crucial.

Demographic and environmental megatrends, for example, have deep implications for (de)growth!

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Megatrends

Megatrends are long-term processes of transformation with a broad scope and a dramatic impact. They are considered to be powerful factors which shape the future. Adapted from:

Holger Glockner, Andreas Neef

Z_trenddatabase - An Essential Tool for Strategy and Future Work in Companies

Z_punkt GmbH - The Foresight Company

Cologne, Germany.

10

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11

http://www.z-punkt.de/fileadmin/be_user/englisch/D_Downloads/Megatrends_Update_EN.pdf

12

http://www.rolandberger.com/gallery/trend-compendium/tc2030/content/assets/trendcompendium2030.pdf











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http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/scenarios/global-megatends/global-megatendshttp://www.eea.europa.eu/soer-2015/global/action-download-pdf


Global Megatrends by the EEA - European Environment Agency:

SOCIAL

1) Diverging global population trends;

2) Towards a more urban world;

3) Changing disease burdens and risks of pandemics;

TECHNOLOGICAL

4) Accelerating technological change;

ECONOMIC

5) Continued economic growth?

6) An increasingly multipolar world;

7) Intensified global competition for resources;

ENVIRONMENTAL

8) Growing pressures on ecosystems;

9) Increasingly severe consequences of climate change;

10) Increasing environmental pollution;

POLITICAL

11) Diversifying approaches to governance.

http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/scenarios/global-megatends/global-megatends

http://www.eea.europa.eu/soer-2015/global/action-download-pdf



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15

Example

Competitionfor Knowledgeand Innovation

EmergingEconomies –

Asia

Pressure onHydric Resourcesand GreenhouseGases Emissions

Oil and GasSupply

Restrictions

PopulationAgeing


Green Economy: the concept

The concept of “green economy” has gained traction as the worldhas been searching for solutions to multiple global challenges.

It emerged from the Green Economy Initiative launched by theUnited Nations Environment Programme, in 2008.

“Green Economy” should not be considered a new paradigm butrather a means to operationalize sustainable development, throughthe urgent need to reconcile economic growth and povertyreduction with environmental conservation.

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Search and implementation of environmentally sustainable processes.

Generation of new economic and social opportunities.

Demand for environmentally friendly goods and services that promote social equity and welfare.

This concept of ‘Green’ Economy complements and extends the scope of the classical concept: the focus is no longer exclusively centered on punishment for negative environmental behaviors, but also on stimulating production, consumption and trade of environmental and environmentally friendly goods and services (Sheng Fulai, 2010).



Green Growth/Green Economy

According to OECD, ‘Green’ Growth is about fostering growth andeconomic development while ensuring that natural resources continue toprovide environmental services on which our well-being relies. To thisend, investment and innovation should be encouraged, sustaininggrowth and generating new economic opportunities.

UNEP defines ‘Green’ Economy as one that results in improved humanwell-being and social equity, while reducing environmental risks andecological scarcities.

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The Classic concept of ‘Green’ Economy

Typically understood as an economic system that is compatible with thenatural environment and socially just.

Integrates some fundamental concepts: the use of renewable resourceswithin their regenerative capacity, making up for the loss of non-renewable resources, limiting pollution within the sink functions of nature,maintaining the resilience and stability of ecosystems, ensuring that theneeds of future generations will be met, ensure equal distributionbetween rich and poor, equal treatment for women in access to resourcesand opportunities, decent working conditions. Governance and democracyare critical to ensure equity and social justice.



The Modern Concept of ‘Green’ Economy

Environmental concepts are no longer seen as constraints to economicdevelopment but regarded as forces that can generate new economicopportunities – search for environmentally friendly goods and servicesthat ensure well-being.This concept complements and extends the scope of the classicalconcept: along with punishment for negative environmental behaviourseconomic agents are encouraged to produce, consume and tradeenvironmental and environmentally friendly goods and services. Thisinstrumental perspective recognises that it is through investment (publicand private) in innovation, technology, infrastructure and institutions,that economies achieve fundamental structural change.

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Ten key sectors to boost green growth:

Agriculture;

Fisheries;

Forestry;

Building construction;

Energy supply;

Industry and energy efficiency;

Tourism;

Transportation;

Waste and water management.



A Family of Concepts Related to ‘Green’ Economy

SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION

AND PRODUCTION

Defined in line with the concept of sustainable development, puts thefocus on inter-generational equity in meeting basic needs and improvingquality of life while minimising the use of resources and the generation ofwaste and pollutants over the full life cycle of products. The policy of thethree R's is also crucial in this scope.

LOW CARBON

ECONOMY

Can be analysed as a result of the operationalization of the concept ofgreen economy: investment in renewable energy provides new forms ofincome and employment and reduces carbon emissions.

CIRCULAR ECONOMY

An economy that reduces the consumption of resources and thegeneration of wastes, implementing the policy of the three R's: Reduce,Reuse and Recycle throughout the production, supply and consumptionprocesses.

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Green Economy/ Green Growth: A Family of Concepts


Three drivers:

• Two Megatrends

“Climate change”

“Pressure on resources and loss of biodiversity”

• A Crucial Uncertainty

"(Duration and intensity of the) economic and financial crisis“

Tips of a triangle with a base composed of sectors whose evolutionoperationalizes approaches around the concepts of ‘Green’ Economy / ‘Green’Growth, with the final purpose of achieving sustainable development.

Green Economy/ Green Growth: A Family of Concepts

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POEs

PERH 2011-2016

PPRU

PNBEPH

POAAPs ≈ POAs

PGRHs

PCQAs

PNUEA

EU Roadmap

to Low Carbon

Economy 2050

Goals Energy / Climate

20-20-20

…TourismForest Fishery

Water

Resources

Management

….

Sustainable Production and Consumption

Low Carbon Economy

CircularEconomy

Climate ChangePressure on resources and biodiversity loss

Economic and Financial Crisis

Green Growth

Sustainable Development

AgricultureWaste

ManagementConstruction

Energy

Production and

Distribution

Industry (Energy

Efficiency)Transport

Europe 2020

Strategy

Millennium Development

Goals

Global Green

New Deal

IPCC Reports

Kyoto Protocol and post-

Kyoto

Astana 2011

Rio+20

POEM

PANCD PNDFCI

ENE 2020 PNAEE

ENCNB

ENF

PNR

PENDR » PRODER

MoU e revisões

QREN » QEC (POs)

PNPB et all

PNPOT » PROTs

PEAASAR

PNA

PERSU II

PESGRI / PNAPRI

PNGR 2011-2020

PENT

PNAAS

PNPCDOPNS

PET

Management of

Air and Noise

PNAC 2020

ENAAC

PAPVL 2020

PAQA / PMQA

REA

RNBC 2050 ENDS

2015 / PIENDS

Source: António Alvarenga, December 2012 25


A Commitment to Green Growth: why?

GLOBAL CHALLENGES

→ Climate crisis

The effects of climate change in Portugal according to the Fifth Report ofthe IPCC will be considerably higher than the European average, especiallywhen it comes to the coastline and water resources

→ Deterioration and scarcity of water resources

→ Demographic effect on resources

the demographic effect will lead to an increase in the consumption, by2030, of energy (45%), water (30%) and food (50%)

www.crescimentoverde.gov.pt

http://www.crescimentoverde.gov.pt/

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Green Economy in Europe and the world

→ Green economy represents 4 trillion euros worldwide and is growing 4% per year

→ green sectors accounted for 2.5% of the EU’s total GDP in 2010 and are expectedto grow around 30% a year up to 2025.

→ Investment in clean energies totaled 300 billion dollars, with the EU and Chinaresponsible for 25% each.

→ Investment in energy generation infrastructures and networks is expected to reach48 trillion dollars by 2035 (7 trillion dollars of this investment is expected to be forelectricity grids; 6 trillion for renewable energy; 1 trillion for nuclear power).

→ The EU will have to invest in infrastructures (1 trillion euros in by 2020; 2.5 trillionby 2025).

→ Green jobs have shown remarkable resistance to the recession. They grew 20%during the recent European recession. In Portugal green employment grew by 5%between 2012 and 2013.

→ If the EU sets the goal of increasing the productivity of resources by 30% until 2030,this will add 1% of GDP and 2 million jobs in the EU.


The Green Growth Commitment


A Commitment to Green Growth: why?

The urgent need to overcome the paradox Portugal has been in for decades:

A high potential for talent, resources and infrastructures coupled with very

significant and persisting structural problems


The implementation of a post-troika vision for long-term development in

Portugal is crucial, following the completion of the Financial Adjustment

Programme (FAP).



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Green growth in Portugal: high potential versus structural constraints

We have abundant, diverse renewable energy resources. This places us in a position to achieve a target of 31% renewables in gross final energy consumption by 2020 (25.7%in 2013, meaning 57.4% of electricity comes from renewable sources).

But we are still highly energy-dependent (73.9% in 2013, the lowest figure of the last 20 years) and the energy intensity of our GDP is still very large.




In 2014, the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) rated Portugal the fourth best country in the world in terms of climate policy.

But we were also warned that we were more vulnerable to the effects of climate change than the European average.





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Portugal is one of Europe’s richest countries in terms of biodiversity. The NaturaNetwork and protected areas cover one fifth of the country , 25% of our municipalities and one third of the population.

However, local residents are not benefiting enough from the economic value of biodiversity.





Infrastructures have developed substantially. Around 95% of the population has access to mains water supply and 80% to wastewater treatment.

Even so, losses in the water supply system average 35%. Furthermore, operations are economically and financially unsustainable with high tariff deficits and debts owed by municipalities. There are also significant inequalities between prices of services in inland and coastal regions.





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The Portuguese coastal areas cocentrate 80% of the population and are of high environmental and economic value.

However, 14% of the coast is artificial, 25% is suffering from erosion and 67% is at risk of land loss.





Waste dumps disappeared many years ago.

But 43% of urban waste is still sent to landfills . Use of plastic bags is very high.





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We have considerable skills in the construction sector.

But only 10% of the construction activity is concerned with urban rehabilitation. The European average is 37%.





Spatial planning policies and instruments have played an essential role in regulation of land use in recent decades.

We have many overlapping plans for the same area that communicate with each other inefficiently. This has generated inefficiency and inequality, reduced transparency and competitiveness and made people wary of decision-making processes.





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The Coalition for Green Growth

…coalition of stakeholders, gathering representatives from five sectors:

→ Banking and Financial Sector;→ Associations, NGO’s and Foundations;→ Business and Professionals Associations→ Higher Education Institutions and Research and Development Centers→ State and Public Administration.

In addition to those meetings several sectoral reunions with peer reviewers took place to establish and validate the goals, targets, initiatives in ten pillars identified in the Strategy.


PUBLIC CONSULTATION PROCESS

• Prepare the future, ensuring flexibility in solutions and stability in the vision and

in the commitment;

• Transcend the short-term horizon;

• Ensure the co-responsibility of stakeholders;

• Put Portugal at the forefront of the new global cycle in which economy and

environment are mutually reinforcing.

The process of Public Discussion for the Green Growth Commitment represented a starting

point for participatory prioritization in order to generate solutions to:

• Was held between 15th September 2014 and 15th January 2015.

• Had a wide participation through the www.crescimento.verde.gov.pt webpage and social

networks.

• 10 thematic conferences were held, on the initiative of MAOTE, organized by members

of the Coalition for Green Growth, also transmitted online, having taken place throughout

the territory of continental Portugal.



http://www.crescimento.verde.gov.pt/


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• One conference for each theme: Water, Sea, Mobility and Transport, Waste, Cities and

Territory, Agriculture and Forestry, Energy, Tourism, Industry and Biodiversity and

Ecosystem Services.

• This series of conferences provided thematic discussions of the Commitment’s content as

well as other matters, and initiatives to amend or include in the final document.

• Discussions were particularly rich and enabled a broad discussion of the subjects of Green

Growth, with the presence of very important economic stakeholders for each of the themes.

• About 1500 participants and 91 speakers were present.

2014

Water PPA-Parceria Portuguesa para a Água 21 October Lisboa

Sea Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian 27 October Lisboa

Transports GEOTA - Grupo de Estudos de Ordenamento do Território e Ambiente 07 de November Setúbal

Waste AEPSA - Associação das Empresas Portuguesas para o Sector do Ambiente 11 November Leiria

Cities and Territory CCP-Confederão do Comércio e Serviços de Portugal 18 November Viseu

Agriculture and ForestryCAP - Agricultores de Portugal e CONFAGRI-Confederação Nacional das Cooperativas

Agrícolas e do Crédito Agrícola de Portugal28 November Santarém

Energy APE - Associação Portuguesa de Energia 02 December Porto

Tourism CTP - Confederação do Turismo Português 16 December Faro

Industry AEP - Associação Empresarial de Portugal 19 December Porto

2015

Biodiversity QUERCUS - Associação Nacional de Conservação da Natureza 09 January Évora

THEME ORGANIZATION DATE CITY



• In this 4 month period there were other conferences and events for dissemination and

discussion, on the initiative of members of the Coalition, contributing to a broader

promotion of the Green Growth Commitment.

• 75 written contributions were received and considered, from several Coalition entities,

from outside the Coalition and also from individual persons.

• The GGC public consultation process featured a broad participation,

reflecting a high mobilization for green growth. The discussion and reflection

that occurred have consolidated the recommended vision, contributing

greatly to improve the GGC and respective support document, giving

strength to the initiatives and, above all, strengthening the commitment of

social actors to green growth.




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41

Foster green economic growth in Portugal with a national impact and international visibility

• By stimulating green economic activities

• By fostering the efficient use of resources

• By contributing to sustainability

The initiatives set out in the commitment are expected to contribute to sustainable growth in Portugal by creating value based on the economy-environment binomial, promoting the country’s competitiveness and international position as a world reference in green growth.

Focus on highly green economic activities with a national and/or international impact which contribute to increasing GDP and job creation.

Optimized resource management aimed at increasing productivity, maximizing resource use (e.g. material efficiency, energy efficiency, water efficiency, eco-design, urban rehabilitation)

Focus on stimulating activities that protect the environment, for example by decreasing CO2 emissions, increasing renewable energy production, improving air and water quality and enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services.

VISION



SelectiveInvestments in strategic areas

Boostresources and

talents

Integration andarticulation of

planninginstruments

Align withinternational

trends and newdevelopment

paradigms

New cycle ofstructuralreforms in Portugal

Green GrowthCommitment’s

StrategicVision




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1. INCREASE GREEN GVAFrom 1,500 million euros in 2013 to 2,100 million euros in 2020 and 3,400 million euros in 2030

2. INCREASE GREEN EXPORTS From 560 million euros in 2013 to 790 million euros in 2020 and 1,280 million euros in 2030

3. CREATE GREEN JOBS From 75,500 people employed in 2013 to 100,400 people employed in 2020 and 151,000 people employed in 2030

4. INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY OF MATERIALS From 1.14 euros GDP/kg material consumed in 2013 to 1.17 in 2020 and 1.72 in 2030 (ensuring the European growth target of 30% by 2030)

5. INCREASE THE INCORPORATION OF WASTE IN THE ECONOMYFrom 56% in 2012 to 68% in 2020 and 86% in 2030

6. FOCUS ON URBAN REHABILITATION From rehabilitation weighing 10.3% of total construction in 2013, to weighing 17% in 2020 and 23% in 2030

7. IMPROVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY Energy intensity: from 129 toe/M€ GDP in 2013, to 122 toe/M€ GDP in 2020 and 101 toe/M€ GDP in 2030

8. IMPROVE WATER EFFICIENCY From 35% of unaccounted-for water in 2012, to a maximum of 25% in 2020 and 20% in 2030

9. INCREASE PUBLIC TRANSPORT USE From 10,894 million pkm carried by public transport in 2013, to 12,528 million in 2020 and 15,296 million in 2030

10. REDUCE CO2 EMISSIONS From 87.7 Mt CO2 in 2005 to 68.0-72.0 Mt CO2 in 2020 and 52.7-61.5 Mt CO2 in 2030 (contingent on the European negotiations results)

11. INCREASE SHARE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY From renewable energy weighing 25.7% of final energy consumption in 2013, to weighing 31% in 2020 and 40% in 2030

12. IMPROVE CONDITION OF WATER BODIESFrom 52% of national water bodies’ quality rated "Good” or higher in 2010, to 79.8% in 2021 and 100% in 2027

13. IMPROVE AIR QUALITY From an average of 14 days with an Air Quality Index of “poor” or “bad” in 2013, to a maximum average of 9 days by 2020 and a maximum average of 2 days by 2030

14. VALORIZE BIODIVERSITY Improve the conservation status of species and habitats protected under the Habitat Directive: from 81 species and 46 habitats with “favourable” conservation status per biogeographical region in 2012, to 96 species and 53 habitats with “favourable” conservation status per biogeographical region by 2030, ensuring that, in 2020, all existing species and habitats retain or improve their conservation status

A POST-PROGRAMME OFFINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE VISION

_________________

A NEW GLOBAL PARADIGMOF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

LON

GTE

RM

COMMITMENT BASED ONPOLICIES, OBJECTIVES

AND TARGETS

GGC

→ ENVIRONMENT→ ENERGY AND CLIMATE→ SPATIAL PLANNING→ SEA→ TRANSPORT → URBAN RENEWAL→ HOUSING→ SCIENCE AND

INNOVATION→ AGRICULTURE→ TOURISM

14 QUANTIFIEDGOALS

10KEY

SECTORS

WATER

WASTE

AGRICULTURE

AND FORESTRY

ENERGY

AND

CLIMATE

MOBILITY AND TRANSPORT

MANUFACTURINGAND EXTRACTIVE

INDUSTRIES

BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM

SERVICES

CITIES ANDTERRITORY

SEA

TOURISM

111 INITIATIVES

6 CA

TALY

STS

INFORMATION ANDPARTICIPATION

TAXATION

RESEARCH,DEVELOPMENT

AND INNOVATION

INTERNATIONALPROMOTION

FUNDING

PUBLIC PROCUREMENT

STABILITYAND PREDICTABILITY

STRUCTURALREFORMS

DIMENSIONS AND OBJECTIVES (1/3)

2020 2030 CAGR[ 1] 2030

> Increase "green" GVA

(billion euros)

> Increase "green" exports

(billion euros)

> Create "green" jobs

(thousands of people employed)

Racional

GR

OW

TH Stimulate

green

activity

sectors

(+5.0%)> Develop the green economy to obtain competitiveness

gains greater than the national average

0.57 0.79

Objetive and Indicator2009/13

Average2013

1.28 (+5.0%)> Green exports grow th rate equated to the increase in

green GVA

1.7 2.1

> Double the number of jobs by 2030(+4.2%)151.0100.477.1

Goals for 2020 and 2030

3.41.5

0.56

75.5

[1] The CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) is a geometric average of annual growth rates. The CAGR, also referred to as a “ smoothed” rate, measures growth as if it had occurred at a stable rate on an annual compound basis. The reference value is 2013,

subject to the exceptions indicated.



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2020 2030 CAGR[ 1] 2030


Racional


Average2013

> Increase productivity of materials

(€ GDP[ 2] /Kg de materiais consumidos)

> Increase the incorporation of waste in the

economy

(rate of w aste incorporation in the economy) [ 3]

> Focus on urban rehabilitation

(proportion of total construction)

> Improve energy efficiency> Compliance w ith the PNAEE (National Energy Eff iciency

Action Plan) by 2020

(Energy intensity - toe/M€ GDP[ 6] ) > 30% reduction on baseline energy in 2030

> Improve water efficiency

(unaccounted-for w ater/w ater issued to the urban

supply netw ork)

> Increase public transport use

(million pkm carried by public transport)10,894n.a. 12,528 15,296 (+2.0%)

> Compliance w ith the PETI3+ by 2020

> Transfer from individual transport to collective

transport

20%

50% [ 4]

> Comply w ith the PNUEA (National Programme for the

Efficient Use of Water) 2020 goal - real losses < 20% in

2020)

[unaccounted-for w ater = real losses + apparent losses

+ authorised non-invoiced consumption]

23%

> Increase of about 7.5% from 2013 to 2020, and of

3.1% from 2020 to 2030 in the amount of renovation

w ithin the construction sector. Quicker grow th betw een

2013 and 2020 than in the 2020-2030 decade is

assumed

n.a. 25%

17%

> Align w ith the goals of the National Waste Management

Plan (PNGR), the principle of circular economy, eff iciency

in resource use and reducing environmental impacts

(ensuring the European grow th objective of 30% by

0.96 1.17 1.72 (+3.5%)

(-3.1%)

8.4%

(-1.4%)101122129

> Consider w aste as a material or energy resource

promoting the closure of the cycle (circular economy)

and the diversion of landfill; compliance w ith National

Waste Management Plan (PNGR)

86%68%

Promote

efficient

use of

resources

EF

FIC

IEN

CY

1.14

56% [ 5]

10.3%

129

(+4.9%)

(+2.3%)

35% [ 7]

n.a. not available

[7] 2012.

[2] GDP evolut ion according to the average value of macroeconomic scenarios for Portugal as shown in the 2014 REA. They provide an update to the scenarios considered in the 2050 RNBC (Nat ional Low Carbon Plan) (APA, 2012).

[3] recovered waste (excluding energy recovery)/waste produced.

[4] 2008-2012 Average.

[5] 2012.

[6] GDP growth according to the average value of macroeconomic scenarios for Portugal as shown in the 2014 REA. They provide an update to the scenarios considered in the 2050 RNBC (Nat ional Low Carbon Plan) (APA, 2012).



2020 2030 CAGR[ 1] 2030


Racional


Average2013

> Reduce CO2 emissions

(Mt CO2 eq.)

> Consistency w ith EU objectives for 2030 and w ith the

emission reductions reported in the background w ork of

the PNAC (National Programme for Climate Change) and

in the 2050 EU Roadmap

> Reduction betw een 18% (72.0 Mt CO2 eq.) and 23%

(68.0 Mt CO2 eq.) in 2020 vs 2005 (2005 = 87.8 Mt CO2

eq.)

> Reduction betw een 30% (61.5 Mt CO2 eq.) and 40%

(52.7 Mt CO2 eq.) in 2030 vs 2005 (2005 value = 87.8 Mt

CO2 eq.), contingent on the European negotiations results

> Increase share of renewable energy> Compliance w ith the PNAER (National Renew able

Energy Action Plan) by 2020

(% in gross f inal energy consumption) > Consistency w ith the goal set out in the PT proposal

for the 2030 Energy and Climate Package, contingent on

the European negotiations results

> Improve condition of water bodies

(% of w ater bodies w ith “Good” or higher quality)

> Improve air quality

(Average number of days w ith “poor” or “bad”

AQI, in urban areas)

> Valorize biodiversity

(Improve the conservation status of species and

habitats protected under the Habitat Directive: from

81 species and 46 habitats w ith “favourable”

conservation status per biogeographical region in

2012, to 96 species and 53 habitats w ith

“favourable” conservation status per

biogeographical region by 2030, ensuring that, in

2020, all existing species and habitats retain or

improve their conservation status)

> Compliance w ith the Habitats Directive

> Compliance w ith the European Biodiversity Strategy for

2020

> Compliance w ith the National Strategy for the

Conservation of Nature and Biodiversity for 2020 (under

review )

n.a.

18

100% [ 12]

2

n.a.

68.0-

72.068.9 [ 9]

25.7%

52% [ 10]

96

and

53

Contribute

to

sustainabi

lity

SU

ST

AIN

AB

ILIT

Y

72.4 [ 8]

24.8%

52.7-

61.5

40%

81

and

46 [13]

(-0.6/-1.5%)

(+2.6%)

(+3.3%)

(-10.9%)

(+0.9% e

+0.8%)

> Compliance w ith the Water Framew ork Directive

(contingent on the negotiation developments in the EU

regarding implementation of the WFD)

81

and

46

> Compliance w ith the objectives set out in the CAFE

Directive and w ith the Clean Air for Europe Programme

31%

79.8% [ 11]

914

[8] 2008-2012 Average.

[9] 2012.

[10] 2010.

[11] 2021.

[12] 2027.

[13] Report Data for the 2007-2012 period.

n.a. not available




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INITIATIVES: WATER (1/3)

Ref. Initiative Performance IndicatorsFramework (F) and Focal

Point (FP)

Also relevant

for

WATER

1

Reduce pressures on water

bodies by identifying those that

affect their good condition and

give priority to the implementation

of economically sustainable

measures to reduce them

» Increase to 72% the water bodies with

condition rated “good” or higher, in 2020

» Reach 100% of water bodies with condition

rated “good” or higher, in 2030

F: PO SEUR 2022/2023

target; PDR 2020 along with

the PGRH 2015-2020; WFD

and Water Law; PGRH 2015-

2020/WFD and PNA

FP: APA (Portuguese

Environment Agency)

Agriculture and

forestry; Waste;

Manufacturing and

extractive industry;

Biodiversity and

ecosystem

services; Cities and

territory; RD&I

WATER

2

Increase the water reuse rate,

meeting economic, technical and

environmental criteria

» Increase the water reuse rate F: PGRH 2015-2020/WFD;

PNUEA; PENSAAR 2020;

Horizon 2020; European

Innovation Partnership on

Water (EIP)

FP: ERSAR (Regulatory

Authority for Water and

Waste)

Waste; Agriculture

and

forestry;

Manufacturing

and extractive

industry;

Cities and territory;

RD&I

WATER

3

Encourage the reduction of water

losses in water adduction and

distribution systems (predict the

risk associated with leaks and

intervene in terms of asset

management)

» Reduce physical and commercial water

losses

» By 2020 reduce physical losses to less

than 20% in the urban sector, 35% in the

agricultural sector and 15% in the industrial

sector

» By 2030 reduce physical losses to less

than 16% in the urban sector, 32% in the

agricultural sector and 10% in the industrial

sector

F: PENSAAR 2020

measures; PGRH 2015-

2020/WFD; PDR 2020;

PNUEA measures and

targets

FP: ERSAR (Regulatory

Authority for Water and

Waste)

Agriculture and

forestry; Cities and

territory; R&D&I



• www.crescimentoverde.gov.pt

• http://www.crescimentoverde.gov.pt/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/CrescimentoVerde_ing_v_pq_bx.pdf [short englishversion]

• http://www.crescimentoverde.gov.pt/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/CrescimentoVerde_EN_dig_290815.pdf [full englishversion]



http://www.crescimentoverde.gov.pt/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/CrescimentoVerde_ing_v_pq_bx.pdf

http://www.crescimentoverde.gov.pt/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/CrescimentoVerde_EN_dig_290815.pdf

16/10/2015

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Other References

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