Part ThreeThe Expansion of Democracy and Slavery CSS 11.1.3

Essential Question: What issues did Americans debate in the early years of the nation before the Civil War?

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Louisiana Purchase, 1803

• Thomas Jefferson bought Louisiana from Napoleon for $15 million (3₵ an acre)

• It doubled the size of the US and added a lot of resources to the nation.• It led to the Lewis and

Clark Expedition and further expansion across the continent.

http://mappery.com/fullsize.php?name=American-Expansion-1818-1853-Map

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Extension of Voting Rights

• In the early colonies only wealthy white men who went to church could vote.

• By the early 1800s, voting rights were given to all white men regardless of religion or wealth.• Power shifted from the super

wealthy to a more dynamic process.

• It changed who got elected.• Politics was to this time what

sports, tv, movies, and music are today.

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Monroe Doctrine, 1823

• James Monroe insisted that European nations not interfere in the western hemisphere.• No more colonies.• No more wars.

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Indian Removal Act, 1830

• called for the “voluntary” removal of all Indians living on the east side of the Mississippi River to Indian Territory (Oklahoma)

• the Supreme Court ruled it illegal but President Jackson did it anyway

• Trail of Tears, 1835-1839• 100,000 Indians moved and

4,000 died on the way• A Bureau of Indian Affairs was

created protect Indian rights and Indian land

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Manifest Destiny, 1840s

• A belief that the United States had a divinely-inspired mission to expand, across the continent to the Pacific Ocean.

• It leads to expansion into Oregon, Texas, and to war with Mexico.• The phrase was coined

by New York journalist, John Sullivan, in 1845.

"it was the nation's manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federated self-government entrusted to us."

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Second Great Awakening, early 1800s

• A movement by Charles Finney that re-emphasized personal conversion, especially highly visible “signs.”• Led to social reforms in

abolition, temperance, women’s suffrage, and more humane treatment of criminals and the insane.

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Abolitionism, 1830s – 1860s

• This movement tried to end slavery in the United States.

• They pushed for legal, financial, and social reform.• Hardcore members like

William Lloyd Garrison and Wendell Phillips burned the Constitution in protest.

• Most early vocal abolitionists were seen as freaks and were beaten, threatened or even killed.

“The whole commerce between master and slave is a perpetual exercise of the . . . most unremitting despotism on the one part, and degrading submission on the other . . . Indeed I tremble for my country when I reflect that God is just: that his justice cannot sleep forever.”--Thomas Jefferson, 1782

Slavery

1619 First slaves brought to VA1775 1st anti-slavery group formed1808 slave trade banned1822 Denmark Vesey rebellion1830 Garrison’s Liberator published1831 Nat Turner’s Rebellion1834 attacked Tappan house in NY1835 Garrison dragged through streets1837 Rev. Lovejoy killed by mob1847 Wilmot Proviso1850 Fugitive Slave Act1854 Uncle Tom’s Cabin1856 John Brown at Pottawatomie1857 Dred Scot decision1859 Harper’s Ferry1865 13th Amendment1868 14th Amendment1869 15th Amendment1965 Civil Rights Act

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Seneca Falls Convention, 1848

• This meeting was the beginning of the women’s rights movement in America.

• The leaders were Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.• They wrote a document called the

Declaration of Sentiments to explain why women should be equal to men.

• They borrowed heavily from Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence.

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Declaration of Sentiments, 1848

•When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one portion of the family of man to assume among the people of the earth a position different from that which they have hitherto occupied, but one to which the laws of nature and of nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes that impel them to such a absolution.

•We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. Whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of those who suffer from it to refuse allegiance to it, and to insist upon the institution of a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness.

•Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and, accordingly, all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they were accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design despotism, it is their duty to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of the women under this government, and such is now the necessity which constrains them to demand the equal station to which they are entitled.

•The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.

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Causes of the Civil War

1. Mexican-American War, 1846• The US tried to buy California

from Mexico and then went to war.

• The US grew by 1/3 and then fought over whether the new territory should be free or slave.

• When gold was found in 1849 a huge fight began over what to do with California.

• The Compromise of 1850 made CA a state and the bad blood that followed led directly to the Civil War.

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Causes of the Civil War

2. Sectionalism• The northern and

southern states fought over political control of the nation.

• Everything came back to slavery even though they tried not to talk about it.

• The senate was kept balanced so there was an even number of free and slave votes.

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Causes of the Civil War

3. Dred Scott decision, 1857• Dred Scott was a slave

who sued for his freedom because his master took him to a northern state.

• The Supreme Court ruled that a slave is property no matter where he/she is.

• This made all states slave states.