Tanvi Parashar (26)

Roshni Parekh (27)

Yash Patel (28)

Srushti Potkule (29)

Naman Parekh (58)

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Mobile computing

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Outline:

Definition

Merits - Demerits

Application

Advancements in Technology

Today’s Mobile Devices/Applications

Computers Everywhere!

Tomorrow’s Mobile Devices/Applications

Mobile & Wireless Computing

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What is Mobile Computing?

Mobile computing refers to access to information at any time, any place, and in any form. Whether in the office, at home or virtually any place on earth.

Mobile computing is associated with mobility of hardware, data and software in computer applications and the use of computers in a non-static environment.

It is the combination of mobile computing and wireless communications prompting the emergence of what is referred to as pervasive or ubiquitous computing.

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Mobile Computing - Evolution

Primitive

Simple

Limited Capacity

Cumbersome

Unattractive

Sophisticated

Powerful

Complex

Refined

Elegant

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Transporttransmission of news, weather, conditions, music via

DABpersonal communication using GSMposition and tracking via GPSlocal ad-hoc network with vehicles close-by to prevent

accidents, guidance system, redundancy vehicle data (e.g., from buses, high-speed trains) can be

transmitted in advance for maintenance

Emergenciesearly transmission of patient data to the hospital, current

status, first diagnosisreplacement of a fixed infrastructure in case of

earthquakes, hurricanes, fire etc.

Mobile Technology Applications

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Mobile Technology Applications Traveling salesperson

– direct access to customer files stored in a central location– consistent databases for all agents/clients– mobile office

Entertainment, education– outdoor Internet access – intelligent travel guide with up-to-date

location dependent information– ad-hoc networks for multi user games

Healthcare– Health Care Support

Built

150BC

Pervasive/Ubiquitous computing

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Ubiquitous computing or pervasive computingrefers to access to computer network all the timeat any location by any person. Ubiquitous computing can not be realized unlessmobile computing matures.

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Aspects of Pervasive Computing

Mobility – ability to move about easily, speedily, and changing rapidly.

  Embedding

– Placing ‘intelligence’ in devices.

Ubiquity – Intelligent devices everywhere.

Pervasive computing combines three concepts:

In the pervasive computing context mobility is where computing is anywhere; ubiquity is where computing is everywhere; and embedding is where computing is disguised and subsumed within various devices.

Demerits

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Security is a major concern. Authentication schemes. Encryption schemes. Payment schemes. E-tickets getting a service by producing aticket.E-currency - issues like anonymity, creditworthiness,non-repudiation, etc.Naming and locating Routing data and messages Reliability in presence of disconnection

Effects of device portability Power consumption

❍ limited computing power, low quality displays, small disks due to limited battery capacity

❍ CPU: power consumption ~ CV2f• C: internal capacity, reduced by integration• V: supply voltage, can be reduced to a certain limit• f: clock frequency, can be reduced temporally

Loss of data❍ higher probability, has to be included in advance into the

design (e.g., defects, theft) Limited user interfaces

❍ compromise between size of fingers and portability❍ integration of character/voice recognition, abstract

symbols Limited memory

❍ limited value of mass memories with moving parts❍ flash-memory or ? as alternative

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Intelligent (Smart) Objects Real world objects are enriched

with information processing capabilities

Embedded processors– in everyday objects– small, cheap, lightweight

Communication capability– wired or wireless– spontaneous networking and

interaction

Sensors and actuators

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Can remember pertinent events– They have a memory

Show context-sensitive behavior– They may have sensors– Location/situation/context

awareness

Are responsive/proactive– Communicate with environment– Networked with other smart objects

Intelligent (Smart) Objects

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Embedded Technology

Smart Rooms e.g. the smart home and the smart office

Wearable Computing e.g. wearable within and without the body

Automotive telemetry and telematics e.g. remote systems diagnosis

Information Appliances e.g. self reporting household appliances

The following is a short list of the areas where pervasive and embedded technology has already started to take hold:

Mobile Communications: Introduction

Modes of mobile computing

performanceperformance

Pager• receive only• tiny displays• simple text messages

Mobile phones• voice, data• simple text displays

PDA• simple graphical displays• character recognition• simplified WWW

Palmtop• tiny keyboard• simple versions of standard applications

Laptop• fully functional• standard applications

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Sensors,embeddedcontrollers

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Automobile Telematics - Weather Response

17% of all USA highway fatalities occur during adverse weather (Snow, Ice, Fog)

Weather information is critical to travelers

Existing national weather information is inadequate for highway operations

Efforts to enhance this information locally are expensive and of limited value

Sensors on vehicles could provide continuous data on air and road surface temperature, visibility, precipitation, etc.

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Advanced Incident Management and Automatic Crash Notification

Example - Accident Response

Automobile Telematics

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Usage of mobile computing in corporate sector

Mobile Technology for Business Internet and the WWW Mobile Device Programming Wireless Networks and Infrastructures Database Modelling and Design Usability Issues for Mobile Devices Security for Mobile Systems Distributed Systems Distributed Games Design Web Services and Applications

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Mobile ComputingToday’s Applications

Wireless Voice/Data Communications

Global Positioning Systems – Routing services

Location Aware Services – Context-based

Access to Remote Information Systems

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Mobile Computing - Today's Devices

Mobile Communications: Introduction

Worldwide wireless subscribers (prediction)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

America

Europe

Japan

others

total

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Mobile phones per 100 people 1997

1998: 40% growth rate in Germany

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0 10 20 30 40 50

France

Germany

Western Europe

Spain

UK

Italy

USA

Japan

Denmark

Finland

Mobile Communications: Introduction

Simple reference model used here

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Application

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Medium

Data Link

Physical

Application

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Data Link

Physical

Network Network

Radio

Conclusion

Access to information from anywhere, in any form, and from any source.

Application in transport , healthcare , emergencies , entertainment etc.

pervasive/Ubiquitous computing. Development in corporate sector.

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thank you !

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