Part B Journal

STUDIO AIRJOURNAL

SIYUN YANG698893

2 CONCEPTUALISATION

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CONTENT

PART A CONCEPTUALISATION

A.0. INTRODUCTION

A.1. DESIGN FUTURING

A.2. DESIGN COMPUTATION

A.3. COMPOSITION/GENERATION

A.4. CONCLUSION

A.5. LEARNING OUTCOMES

A.6. APPENDIX - ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES

CONCEPTUALISATION 3

PART A

CONCEPTUALISATION

ONCE YOU MAKE DECISION,

THE UNIVERISE CONSPIRES TO MAKE IT HAPPEN.

——BY RALPH EMEERSON

CONCEPTUALISATION 55 INTRODUCTION

Siyun had spent her high school career in Brisbane for the first three years after she arrived in Australia. Then she moved to Melbourne since successfully received the offer of Bachelor of Environments from the University of Melbourne. She is currently studying architecture major in the third year of her university life.

She was attracted by the word ‘Architecture’ ever since she initially tasted a subject called ‘Graphics’ in Year 10. Unfortunately she did not have the chance to pick up this subject for the rest of high school life in some reasons, and therefore, she resolutely chosen Architecture as her first preference while she was applying university.

However, the university life was not what she expecting before entered into it. Architecture is not a subject that fully contains Mathematics, Mechanics, Physics or Engineering, it is more inclined to design, to innovate, to create, to develop, and to achieve the sustainable development towards enhancing human life.

INTRODUCTION

6 CONCEPTUALISATION

It also considers about the energy consumption that uses local resources to reduce the embodied energy usage. Except for rammed earth, sand clay is the primary feature composition of the site, gravel and water supply both obtained from the adjacent river.

The future possibilities of the design can be expanded from two approaches: without damaging the ecological environment, this design is well-integrated artifact and nature in this limited space, and as much as possible to increase the area of animal husbandry; the design of residence itself is effectively utilized (such as thin corrugated metal shelters to ban the sunlight), and the energy consumption (such as air-conditioning) is reduced by the innovative local resource (such as sand dune roof). As the results, the considerations of environmental and energy issues can both achieve toward the sustainable development.

The Project The Great Wall of WA (Western Australia) by Luigi Rosselli is the winner in the Housing Category from Archdaily in 2016. It is the longest rammed earth wall in the southern hemisphere. Only 230 sqm spaces create twelve earth covered residences, as a short-term accommodation for a cattle station during grazing season.

Some great techniques have employed by materials in the project. The 450mm thick rammed earth façade and the sand dune (for forming both rear and roofs) provide a great thermal mass that makes residences naturally cool in the subtropical climate.

A new approach is represented by the design of the accommodation for the remote North Western Australia. The sun baked can be moved away by the establishment of thin corrugated metal shelters, which cools down the architectural earth formations naturally.

FIG.A.1.1 TOP VIEW OF THE GREAT WALL OF WA

FIG.A.1.2 GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIG.A.1.3 THIN CORRUGATED METAL SHELTERS

FIG.A.1.4 BOTTOM VIEW

A.1. DESIGN FUTURING

FIG.A.1.7 MASTER PLAN

CONCEPTUALISATION 7

The project Harbin Opera House by MAD Architects was the winner of International Open Competition for Harbin Cultural Island in 2010. Due to the Harbin Opera House is located within the wetlands, the ideas were contributed by the force of untamed wilderness and the spirit of frigid climate of this northern city in China.

The landscape of architecture is magnificent. A well-integrated of nature and the topography is represented by this architectural design, and the local identity, art, and culture are also be interpreted. The exterior curvilinear façade is consisted by the smooth white aluminum panels. Also, crystalline glass curtain wall soars above the lobby as the lightweight diagrid structure of the architecture.

The overall pattern of Harbin Opera House is emphasized on the interaction and participation between public and building. It intensifies the emotional connection between public and surrounding environment (e.g. through the landscape), and focus on the experience of visitors such as walking along the path to ascend the building to observe the surrounding wetlands or even the panoramic views of Harbin City. Therefore, it is no doubt that the importance of Harbin Opera House blends humanities, art and nature, and they become the heart of this land which nourishes the soul of the city.

As Ma Yansong (the founding principal of MAD Architects) said, “we envision Harbin Opera House as a cultural center of the future – a tremendous performance venue, as well as a dramatic public space that embodies the integration of human, art and the city identity, while synergistically blending with the surrounding nature.” This kind of innovative architecture may be able to lead the trend of architecture into a new age, while the building is no longer focus on the function itself, but integrates with local customs, natural and cultural, becomes a local landmark, becomes a widely known presence.

FIG.A.1.5 TOP VIEW OF HARBIN OPERA HOUSE

FIG.A.1.6 INTERIOR: CRYSTALLINE GLASS CURTAIN WALL

8 CONCEPTUALISATION

A.2. DESIGN COMPUTATION

FIG.A.2.1 PANORAMIC VIEW OF GALAXY SOHO

CONCEPTUALISATION 9

The Galaxy SOHO project by Zaha Hadid Architects in central Beijing is inspired by the grand scale of Beijing. This architectural complex (which contains office, retail and entertainment venues) is gracefully merging dynamic form that creates a fluid and continuous internal space. The four continuous and flowing volumes are apart from each other but fused by stretched bridges to form as a composition. By generating a panoramic architecture, the entire architectural complex is without any corners or abrupt transitions that may break its fluidity and integrity. This is definitely a new approach of evolution of design process by computation, since the technology in the early time cannot reach such high level, the calculations for such hierarchical curvilinear building complex is unimaginable by human’s brain.

Parametric design as an emerging concept is a bright spot of this composition without any doubt. Those parameters are interconnected as a completed system and, making a single change of data will affected the whole network and causes global influence. Systematic, adaptive variation, continuous differentiation, and dynamic figuration are the main characteristics of parametric design, it is a diversity of digital design in terms of the scale of urbanism to the scale of architecture, interior and furniture.

Glass cladding and reflective aluminum panels as the modern material are the main features of these elliptical towers. Some digital design approaches have applied in here as well. The architectural design of double-curvature panels were used as models in Visual Basic operating in a Rhino environment. The local curvature morphology is the basic that leads to generate flat and single-curvature panels from the original double-curvature panels. Also, the software-driven panel-generation method can achieve the promoting rational use of manufactured sheet metal panels, and the higher demands in terms of cost requirements and manufacturing complexity can be managed.

FIG.A.2.2 FLAT VIEW OFGALAXY SOHO FIG.A.2.3 PLAN DRAWING OF GALAXY SOHO

FIG.A.2.4 BOTTOM VIEW OF GALAXY SOHO

10 CONCEPTUALISATION

The Yas Hotel, an example of futuristic design, is designed by Hani Rashid and Lise Anne Couture and Asymptote Architecture (Architects) in Abu Dhabi, UAE. Asymptote’s design of this architecture balances the dramatic site conditions with a luxury 500-room hotel and a Formula 1 Racetrack. A new F-1 track passes through the building complex under a monocoque steel and glass bridge linking two hotel towers. This Grid-Shell component is provided an atmospheric-like veil and produced optical effects and spectral reflections, and caused the entire complex visually connects and fuses to each other. These outstanding structure and trendy materials within the design have vividly demonstrated the power of construction industry.

One of the main features of the design is the architectural and engineering significance. The expanse of curvilinear forms on the surface constructed of steel and pivoted diamond-shaped glass panels. The strategy of parametric design is applied to group curvilinear and panel and therefore they can be analyzed and extracted automatically by software.

FIG.A.2.6 GRID-SHELL COMPONENET OF YAS HOTEL

The appearance of computational design is absolutely a revolut-ion of creation of innovative buildings. It has a cross-era signific-ance that improves work efficiency, enhances data accuracy, and even shortens the modification time. However, the software pro-gram is definitely cannot design the project by itself, it is essential that designers still need to rely on their own to design but to rely on computing.

The working efficiency and accuracy can be identified through the comparison between past and present. The complex structure such as curvilinear or girdshell taking unimaginable time by sketching or hand-drawing, however, it takes less time if using digital software to generate the outcome. By using the computation, the traditional mathematic method can be replaced, and this impact on the design thinking, which not only stopping at the conceivable stage, but also moving forward to the achievable stage.

CONCEPTUALISATION 11

FIG.A.2.5 PLAN VIEW OF YAS HOTEL

FIG.A.2.7 MONOCOQUE STEEL AND GLASS BRIDGE FIG.A.2.8 DIAMOND-SHAPED PANELS



FIG.A.3.1 FACADE OF GEGGENHIEM MUSEUM BILBAO


The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao by Frank Gehry was built between 1993 and 1997 where located on the edge of the Nervión River in Bilbao, Spain. The complexity of this composition integrated in terms of performance and materiality through intricate program and urban context.

The entire building looked like a tangled root if only by observation from its appearance, but it actually has own pattern and logic among the generating process. The ‘random’ curves of the exterior aimed to catch the light and react to the sun and the weather, and furthermore, since the curve surfaces toward to different directions, making the changing of lighting effects of all levels of the building while the changing of angle of sunlight. Both classical and modern materials are used for the outer skin of the building, the extremely thin titanium sheets, limestone and glass are harmonized perfectly, which achieved the architectural design with a great visual impact.

Digital modelling software is applied during the design process. A 3D design software is called CATIA, initially conceived for the aerospace industry, which provides an advanced technology for complex designs and calculations over that period. Therefore, the software faithfully translate Gehry’s concept to help him digitizes points for all the edges, surfaces and intersections in the further construction. And also, animations can be made out by manipulating the software, providing a preview and overall composition.

Another benefit of CATIA is the computing calculation. The number of bars can be calculated for the requirement in each location, even the positions and orientations of bars. Every single piece such as walls, ceilings (including insulating layers), outer coating of titanium, have their exclusive location. This means, the number of each piece can be minimized to avoid additional expense, and the work efficiency is also greatly improved by modelling the design through software rather than re-draw everything by hand.

During the progress of design development, Gehry drew plenty of plan drawings and a few 3D models by software, also, several prototypes had made out for overview. Good things are taken, and shortages are made up, and consequently the combination integrated into this final outcome.

FIG.A.3.2 FRONT VIEW FIG.A.3.3 PANORAMA VIEW

FIG.A.3.4 -8 PLANS AND PERSPECTIVE VIEWS FROM VIDEO


A new terminal at Shenzhen Bao’an International Airport in China is designed by Italian architects Massimiliano and Doriana Fukas. The concept of the plan for this project evokes the image of manta ray – a fish is able to breathe and to change its own shape, undergoes variations, and turns into a bird which symbolizes the emotion and fantasy of a flight.

3D modelling software Rhino is applied through the design development, and then the aid of specially developed parametric software tools is implemented to undertake the

discretization of the surfaces. Those different geometries shapes, directions of curvilinear, placements of column and even sculpture-shaped objects (they are the supply of air conditioning that have been designed as big stylized white trees), calculating through the computing program and having their exclusive performance and position. Therefore, the essential of algorithm can be identified by allowing designers to model and visualize such sophisticated structure, have benefits in terms of building performances/appearances and structural systems.


FIG.A.3.10 INTERIOR FIG.A.3.11 INTERIOR


discretization of the surfaces. Those different geometries shapes, directions of curvilinear, placements of column and even sculpture-shaped objects (they are the supply of air conditioning that have been designed as big stylized white trees), calculating through the computing program and having their exclusive performance and position. Therefore, the essential of algorithm can be identified by allowing designers to model and visualize such sophisticated structure, have benefits in terms of building performances/appearances and structural systems.

The shift from composition to generation in the architectural design is a development of digital technology. This changing is not simply on the translation from hand-drawing to computer drawing, but also providing more advancement for architects, exploring new design options and communications. Those digital tools allow architects generate more opportunities in terms of structural, material or environmental performance, and becoming a fundamental parameter in the creation of architectural form. In addition, the increasing simulation capabilities of computer have the more accurate and sophisticated methods by the abilities of prediction, simulation and modelling, thus, the possibility of building is no longer on the simulation and communication of constructional aspects, but also the experience of public and the creation of meaning.

Therefore, computation becomes a necessary tool in architectural field. As Mouzhan Majidi has said: ‘this hasn’t simply transformed what we can design – it’s had a huge impact on how we build.’ Even though pens or pencils can give sketch drawings for building and the performance of building details, but at the same time, using digital tools are faster and more efficient to design a complex models and performances in a better communication.

FIG.A.3.9 PONORAMA VIEW

FIG.A.3.12 SURFACE

FIG.A.3.13 INTERIOR


A.4. CONCLUSION

Under the computer era, computation is the main character which influencing the design process for the future of architecture. Considerations such as amounts of energy consumption, usages of unrecycled resource occurred in the early age, however, attentions have to be taken seriously and, moving towards the sustainability after the rapid developments of science and technology. Hence, architectural design is no longer just focus on its performance or function, but also considers the environmental problem.

The engagement of computing expresses the evolution of design processes in architecture. Architectural form is no longer limited by poor design tools, the shapes of building are increasingly creative and diverse. Furthermore, for designers, they have more opportunities to explore more possible ideas, which can be all achieved by digital design. It can be said this is a revelatory for moving ideas and designs from conceivable to achievable.

The conceptual changes instigated by computing. It is important because algorithmic thinking and parametric modelling are gradually walking into everyone’s sight, becoming more and more popular just in the past two decades. Computation benefits both designer and user, for designer, design development is more comprehensive, by covering computer technique, material, structure, construction, and environment (or plus landscape); for user, a more relaxed, joyful and comfortable environment is provided.


A.5. LEARNING OUTCOMES

Architectural computing is not simply as a design tool for designer. By understanding what computation is progressively, I have change my own definition of computation. Many of design software appearing during these two decades, the design is no longer just expressing by hand-drawings, but also digital design tools are well-performed those designs. It also influences the ways of thinking of design process, exaggerated geometric shape is not staying on paper anymore, and it can be modeled, constructed and used. Hence, it is important to understand the operation of those tools and well-integrated with ideas, generating a better design in the further.


A.6. APPENDIX - ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES


Drawing four curves in Rhino, as the basic for Grasshopper.

Creating arches between each curve.

Shifting by 5 units.

Dividing each curve into 36 units.

Making loft.

Creating surface and baking it into Rhino.


Setting multiple Breps from Rhino (surfaces). Offestting 18 units from 2 units apart.

Extruding curves by 26 units and splitting surfaces with a bunch of curves. Baking surfaces into Rhino.

Creating three patch surfaces for trimming extra surfaces.

After trimming. Final outcome.


FIGURE A.1.1 Edward Birch, 2015, The Great Wall of WA, http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/55cb/ce97/e58e/ce67/c100/03a3/slideshow/Luigi_Rosselli_Architects__The_Great_Wall_of_WA__002.jpg?1439420049 accessed 5 March, 2016.

FIGURE A.1.2 Luigi Rosselli, 2015, The Great Wall of WA, http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/55cb/cf5a/e58e/ce5c/7d00/0378/slideshow/ground.jpg?1439420243, accessed 5 March, 2016.

FIGURE A.1.3 Edward Birch, 2015, The Great Wall of WA, http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/55cb/ced4/e58e/ce5c/7d00/0374/slideshow/Luigi_Rosselli_Architects__The_Great_Wall_of_WA__007.jpg?1439420109, accessed 5 March, 2016.

FIGURE A.1.4 Edward Birch, 2015, The Great Wall of WA, http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/55cb/cea2/e58e/ce5c/7d00/0372/slideshow/Luigi_Rosselli_Architects__The_Great_Wall_of_WA__004.jpg?1439420060, accessed 5 March, 2016.

FIGURE A.1.5 Hufton+Crow, 2010, Harbin Opera House, http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5671/7b18/e58e/cec5/7900/0005/slideshow/MAD_Harbin_Opera_House_001_%C2%A9Hufton_Crow.jpg?1450277641, accessed 5 March, 2016.

FIGURE A.1.6 Hufton+Crow, 2010, Harbin Opera House, http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5671/7c08/e58e/cec5/7900/0009/slideshow/MAD_Harbin_Opera_House_017_MAD_%C2%A9Hufton_Crow.jpg?1450277874, accessed 5 March, 2016.

FIGURE A.1.7 MAD Architects, 2010, Harbin Opera House, http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5671/79e3/e58e/ce4c/6300/0003/slideshow/MAD_Harbin_Opera_House_Masterplan.jpg?1450277323, accessed 5 March, 2016.

Archdaily, ‘The Great Wall of WA/Luigi Rosselli’, <http://www.archdaily.com/771780/the-great-wall-of-wa-luigi-rosselli> [accessed 5 March, 2016]

Archdaily, ‘Harbin Opera House’, <http://www.archdaily.com/778933/harbin-opera-house-mad-architects> [accessed 5 March, 2016]

FIGURE A.2.1 Hufton+Crow, 2013, Zaha Hadid Designs the Galaxy SOHO Complex in Beijing, China, http://media.architecturaldigest.com/photos/55e76fab302ba71f3016c212/3:4/w_700/dam-images-daily-2013-04-viewpoint-beijing-galaxy-soho-may-viewpoint-zaha-hadid-01-beijing-galaxy-soho-complex.jpg, accessed 12 March, 2016.

FIGURE A.2.2 Iwan Baan, 2012, Galaxy SOHO: Design & Architecture, http://galaxysoho.sohochina.com/assets/property/galaxy/gallery/Galaxy-design_module_425x274-01.jpg, accessed 12 March, 2016.

FIGURE A.2.3 2012, Zaha Hadid Architects, http://www.zaha-hadid.com/wp-content/files_mf/cache/th_ded8de6ef54c061a659828a26028150e_f17topview.png, accessed 12 March, 2016.

FIGURE A.2.4 Iwan Baan, 2012, Galaxy Soho/Zaha Hadid Architects, http://www.archdaily.com/287571/galaxy-soho-zaha-hadid-architects/508ee0ab28ba0d7fe4000005-galaxy-soho-zaha-hadid-architects-photo, accessed 12 March, 2016.

FIGURE A.2.5 2010, Asymptote Architecture: Yas Viceroy Hotel, https://static.wixstatic.com/media/b3e12d_96ef5f4f9fd670e271e0fef331031d83.jpg/v1/fill/w_980,h_440,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01/b3e12d_96ef5f4f9fd670e271e0fef331031d83.jpg, accessed 12 March, 2016.

FIGURE A.2.6 Asymptote Architecture, 2010, The Yas Hotel/Asymptote Architecture, http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5012/075b/28ba/0d55/8100/0285/large_jpg/stringio.jpg?1360898226, accessed 12 March, 2016.

FIGURE A.2.7 Unknown photographer, 2010, Asymptote Architecture, http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5012/0722/28ba/0d55/8100/027a/large_jpg/stringio.jpg?1360898186, accessed 12 March, 2016.

REFERENCES


FIGURE A.2.8 Unknown photographer, 2010, Asymptote Architecture, http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5012/0727/28ba/0d55/8100/027b/large_jpg/stringio.jpg?1360898189, accessed 12 March, 2016.

Galaxy SOHO:

http://www.archdaily.com/287571/galaxy-soho-zaha-hadid-architects

http://galaxysoho.sohochina.com/en/design

http://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/zaha-hadid-beijing-galaxy-soho-complex

http://www.zaha-hadid.com/architecture/galaxy-soho/

The Yas Hotel:

http://www.asymptote.net/#!yas-slide-show/cau8

http://www.archdaily.com/43336/the-yas-hotel-asymptote

http://www.dezeen.com/2009/05/14/the-yas-hotel-by-asymptote/

FIGURE A.3.1 βιит є Ãhʍ€ď, 2013, The Guggenheim Museum [Bilbao Spain], http://hqworld.net/gallery/data/media/130/louise_bourgeois_sculpture__guggenheim_museum__bilbao__spain.jpg, accessed 18 March, 2016.

FIGURE A.3.2 Unkown photographer, 2013, AD Classics: The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao/Frank Gehry, http://www.archdaily.com/422470/ad-classics-the-guggenheim-museum-bilbao-frank-gehry/521fa097e8e44eb94a000038-ad-classics-the-guggenheim-museum-bilbao-frank-gehry-photo, accessed 16 March, 2016.

FIGURE A.3.3 Iker Merodio, 2013, AD Classics: The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao/Frank Gehry, http://www.archdaily.com/422470/ad-classics-the-guggenheim-museum-bilbao-frank-gehry/521fa07fe8e44e56b500006b-ad-classics-the-guggenheim-museum-bilbao-frank-gehry-photo, accessed 16 March 2016.

FIGURE A.3.4 - 8 Unkown editor, Guggenheim Bilbao: The Construction, http://player.vimeo.com/video/45965421, accesed 16 March, 2016.

FIGURE A.3.9 - 13 http://www.archdaily.com/472197/shenzhen-bao-an-international-airport-studio-fuksas, accessed 17 March, 2016.

Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15

The Guggenheim Museum:

http://www.archdaily.com/422470/ad-classics-the-guggenheim-museum-bilbao-frank-gehry

http://www.guggenheim-bilbao.es/en/the-building/the-construction/

http://au.phaidon.com/agenda/architecture/articles/2012/november/23/buildings-that-changed-the-world-the-guggenheim-museum-bilbao/

Shenzhen Bao’an International Airport Terminal 3:

http://www.archdaily.com/472197/shenzhen-bao-an-international-airport-studio-fuksas

http://www.e-architect.co.uk/hong-kong/shenzhen-airport

24 CRITERIA DESIGN

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CONTENT

PART B CRITERIA DESIGN

B.1. RESERACH FIELD

B.2. CASE STUDY 1.0

B.3. CASE STUDY 2.0

B.4. TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT

B.5. TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPES

B.6. TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL

B.7. LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES

B.8. APPENDIX - ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES

CRITERIA DESIGN 25

PART B

CRITERIA DESIGN

B.1. RESEARCH FIELD

Green Void is derived from nature which is a great precedent study of digital design, using the latest digital fabrication techniques to create more with less. This means, minimizing the surface to maximize the occupation space of the product (Pohl, 2008).

The quest of Green Void is to optimize the efficiency in material usage, construction weight, fabrication and installation time, and this project is successfully achieved those aspects by using only 40kg lightweight fabric to build a 20 meter-high installation within a 3,000 cubic meters of space, and also maximizing the visual impact at the same time. It also responses to the popular question for sustainable development nowadays, by reducing embodied energy since it is easily to transport to any place in the world, installing easily and quickly, and the material is fully reusable.

The relationship between nature and technology is well-demonstrated from Green Void, where the performance is inspired by plants and corals, and use mathematical formula from digital tools to determine the minimal surface by setting the connection points only. It is also a great opportunity to exhibit such digital design geometry and structure in the presence, evaluating different perspective views from public in such era with full of ambitiously technologies (Pohl, 2008).

26 CRITERIA DESIGN

FIG.B.1.1 GREEN VOID

FIG.B.1.2 GREEN VOID

CRITERIA DESIGN 27

Volta Dom as another great precedent study is one of the experiments (of the Skylar Tibbits’ firm) in computational design, revisiting a historically paramount structural element – the vault, which attempts to find the contemporary equivalent through various assembly and fabrication techniques.Since hundreds of vaults created the vaulted ceilings within the concrete and glass hallway, a great opportunity is provided to the visitors to immerse such historical atmosphere and experience the combination of sculpture and digital fabrication.The architectural element “surface panel” intensifies the depth of doubly curved vaulted surface, while maintaining the relative ease in fabrication and assembly. The assembly of such complex surface makes the possible to transform the curved vaults to developable strips, performing as rolling a strip of material (Lopes, 2007).However the appearance of Volta Dom is unflattering. It looks like a giant corpse flower by looking inward through glass window, and its interior looks like a nest of bee. Also, a depressing feeling will be generated due to the limited internal space, and it stops visitors’ pace by the vaulted ceilings (Lopes, 2007).Nevertheless, Volta Dom as a self-replicating system, successfully interprets the application of innovative fabrication technique, by creating such complex double curved vaults through the simple rolling of a sheet of material.

FIG.B.1.3 VOLTA-DOM

FIG.B.1.4 VOLTA-DOM

28 CRITERIA DESIGN

B.2. CASE STUDY 1.0 VOLT-DOMSPECIES 1 SPECIES 2

DIFFERENT NUMBERS OF CONE APPEARING WHILE NUMBERS OF POINT GETTING LARGER IN POPULATE 2D

SHAPES CHANGING WHILE LOWER LIMIT OF DOMAIN IN V-DIRECTION IS GETTING LARGER


SPECIES 2 SPECIES 3SHAPES CHANGING WHILE LOWER LIMIT OF DOMAIN IN V-DIRECTION IS GETTING LARGER

HEIGHT OF CONES GETTING HIGHER WHILE HEIGHT RATIO GETTING LARGER

30 CRITERIA DESIGN

SPECIES 4BUILDING COMPONENTS ON CURVILINEAR SURFACE AND SPHERE SURFACE TO GET DIFFERENT SHAPES BY CHANGING SCALE AND AMPLITUDE

SPECIES 5GEOMETRIES ARE AFFECTED BY CHANGING POSITIONS OF TWO CLOSEST POINTS

CRITERIA DESIGN 31

SPECIES 6SET UP A CUBE REGION FOR POPULATE 3D REGION, DIFFERENT NUMBERS OF SPHERE APPEARING WHILE THE NUMBERS OF POINTS GETTING LARGER

SPECIES 7BY CHANGING CONES TO SPHERE, NUMBERS OF COMBINATION APPEARING WHILE POINTS GETTING LARGER IN POPULATE 2D REGION

32 CRITERIA DESIGN

SELECTION

CRITERIA

I aimed to create some different geometries from the initial given definition that can be inspired me any possibilities on the further tasks. However they have not much change without changing any single definition if only amend the parameter (those number sliders), thus I tried to add or subtract some of definitions (e.g. I tried to re-create Volta-Dom with undulating surface instead of flat surface) and change the initial region (e.g. changing 2D rectangular region to 3D box region) and initial geometry (e.g. from cone to sphere or cylinder, and adding different number of points).

As the results, four successful and interesting iterations have been developed and selected as the final outcomes of development from initial definition of Volta-Dom.

CRITERIA DESIGN 33

POPULATE 2D# POINTS: 30 SEED #: 3

By changing the number of points in Populate 2D, larger number of points, more cones appearings with random height.

SELECTED OUTCOMES

POPULATE 3D# POINTS: 10 SEED #: 5

A cube is created to be the box region for Populate 3D. Set this region as the base plane for sphere and hence multiple spherical surfaces can be placed on it.

DIVIDE DOMAIN2 & ISOTRIMSCALE: 2 AMPLITUDE: 3

A sphere surface is connected as the base domain and base surface, and is extracted to an isoparametric subset of a surface. Geometry will be affected by moving the points on Rhino.

DIVIDE DOMAIN2 & ISOTRIMSCALE: 0.2 AMPLITUDE: 5

Setting a curvilinear surface as the base plane, geometry is affected by controlling the factor of scale and the value of amplitude.And this is also the re-creation of Volta-Dom.

34 CRITERIA DESIGN

B.3. CASE STUDY 2.0 CANTON TOWER

FIG.B.3.1 CANTON TOWER

CRITERIA DESIGN 35

Canton Tower as one of the important buildings in Guangzhou, is designed by Information Based Architecture (IBA). The idea of Canton Tower base on to create a ‘female’ tower, which is complex, transparent, curvy, gracious and sexy. And also the tower aims to design in a free-form with a rich and human-like identity that represents Guangzhou as a dynamic and exciting city (Mark Hemel, 2010).

The structure of Canton Tower is simply based on two ellipses. One at foundation level and the other at a horizontal plane. They are rotated relative to another.

Since Canton Tower is a particular lattice-structure, it can be observed that it consists by connecting ring and bracing piece. As Architect Mark Hemel said that designers are able to create a more complex structures than before by using computerized analysis techniques, and therefore such unique form can be built.



36 CRITERIA DESIGN

STEP ONE:

Create a Construct Point as the starting point, and create another Construct Point that moved in the Z-direction, becoming the height of the building. Make a line between these two points, this is the core of the building.

CONSTRUCT POINT

LINE

STEP TWO:

Polygon is chosen to be the base plane, in this case, the two base planes are represented as the top and bottom shape of the building.Connect two Polygon commands from two Construct Point commands separately, and use number slider to control their radius, number of segements.

POLY

GO

N

RADIUS: 15

SEGMENTS: 25

REVERSE ENGINEER||CANTON TOWER||

CONSTRUCT POINT

CONSTRUCT POINT

CONSTRUCT POINT

CON

STRU

CT P

OIN

T

POLY

GO

N

STEP THREE:

Create a Rotate command to connect with upper plane.For calculating the degree of rotation, an expression is added up to control the degree.Then, loft both of top and bottom plane.

LOFT

ROTA

TE

EXPRESSIONDEGREE: 120

CRITERIA DESIGN 37

STEP FOUR:

To create the horizontal curvilinear that surrounded the building, setting Divide Distance along Line based on XY Plane.Find intersection between Line and Plane, connecting Loft surface and Plane to Brep | Plane.The outcome of those Section Curves become Boundary Surface.Area can be calculated by using Area component. Flatten values to create one list with multiple values.Total area of the building can be calculated by using Mass Adition. The total area of the building is approximately 8284 square meters.

LINE DISTANCE XY PLANE BREP | PLANE BOUNDARY SURFACES

LOFT

AREA MASS ADDITION

POLY

GO

NPO

LYG

ON

38 CRITERIA DESIGN

STEP FIVE:

Lastly, the thickness of curvilinear surface has to be made.Create a Unit Z to extrude the surface in Z direction, a Number Slider is connected to control the thickness of the surface.The outcome from Boundary Surfaces as the base of Extrude.

BOUNDARY SURFACES

THICKNESS: 0.5 UNIT ZEXTRUDE

CRITERIA DESIGN 39


SPECIES 1

CONSTRUCT DOMAINNUMBER OF SEGMENTS

SLIDER: 02SLIDER: 08







By developing the reverse-engineered definition from Case Study 2, several extend definitions have added and subtracted from the original one.

A twisting tower is developed by setting points in Z-direction based on XY Plane, and this becomes the base plane for Polygon.The Rotation angle is controlled by Pi and its factor is affected by the values of Domain.Set Polygon as the base geometry, the output value from Pi as rotation angle, and XY Plane as the rotation plane.Loft the rotated geometry to get the final lofted surface.

B.4. TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT


SPECIES 2

SPECIES 4

SPECIES 3

ROTATAION ANGLENUMBER OF SQUARES

ANGLE: 00SQUARE: 1


ANGLE: 45SQUARE: 2

Let the base surface of Extrusion becomes rectangular shape from initial curve shape. set multi-Rotating objects in different rotation angles to generate the different horizontal elements.

UPPER POLYGON

HEIGHT

RADIUS: 30

SLIDER: 100LOWER POLYGON RADIUS: 10

UPPER POLYGON

HEIGHT

RADIUS: 50


The radius of upper and lower polygon and the height of the tower can also be the influence of tower.

Set Boundary Surfaces (from initial definition) be the base surface of Polygon, get different polygons by changing segment.

POLYGON SEGMENT: 3 POLYGON SEGMENT: 4


ANGLE: 45SQUARE: 2

RADIUS: 50

SLIDER: 150RADIUS: 10

SEGMENT: 4


ANGLE: 60&120SQUARE: 2


ANGLE: 60&150&240SQUARE: 3

UPPER POLYGON

HEIGHT

RADIUS: 15


UPPER POLYGON

HEIGHT

RADIUS: 15


UPPER POLYGON

HEIGHT

RADIUS: 15


POLYGON SEGMENT: 8 POLYGON SEGMENT: 25


SPECIES 5Let the original Point coordinate be the base plane of Polygon (for both upper and lower).Use Cull Pattern to remove elements from point list and connect to Interpolation points.Loft both upper and lower Interpolated (nurbs) Curve together.The deformed geometry can be achieved by changing segment of Polygon or the initial control point.

SPECIES 6Based on the initial definition, different rotation angles and segments can affect different outcome of tower. POLYGON

ROTATION ANGLE ANGLE: 45SEGMENT: 3 POLYGON

ROTATION ANGLE ANGLE: 150SEGMENT: 4

SPECIES 7Based on Loft from the initial definition, set the loft surface be the base geometry for Populate Geometry, and becomes the volume for Voronoi 3D.Extrude them and create planes in every surface, and deconstruct the component and let the face list output becomes the base plane of conical surface.


ANGLE: 150SEGMENT: 4 POLYGON

ROTATION ANGLE ANGLE: 130SEGMENT: 5 POLYGON

ROTATION ANGLE ANGLE: 150SEGMENT: 5


LOWER POLYGONSIZE: 06LOWER POLYGONSIZE: 12

POLYGON SEGMENT: 4


POLYGON SEGMENT: 8


POLYGON SEGMENT: 35


POLYGON SEGMENT: 35

SPECIES 8Based on initial Polygon (both upper and lower), divide them individually into same segments of them, Shift and Flip them into Interpolate Curve, and loft both Polygon outcome together. The Step size of Series can affect the size of tower.

SPECIES 9This specie is an extension of Gridshell definition in TOP VIEW. The output of Geodesic is the base curve of Pipe, due to those vertical curves have already shifted, the final outcome of Pipe will be changed by different shifting units.

UNIT: 5SHIFT PATHPOINT NUMBER: 15

DEGREES: 120SHIFTINGPOINT NUMBER: 15

DEGREES: -60SHIFTING


SIZE: 06SIZE: 12

SEGMENT: 8

SIZE: 06SIZE: 14

SEGMENT: 35


POLYGON SEGMENT: 15


POLYGON SEGMENT: 35


POLYGON SEGMENT: 35


POLYGON SEGMENT: 35

DEGREES: 180SHIFTINGPOINT NUMBER: 15

DEGREES: -180SHIFTINGDEGREES: 90SHIFTING

POINT NUMBER: 20

DEGREES: -180SHIFTINGPERSPECTIVE VIEW


SELECTION

CRITERIA

Since the proposal of the further development will be solving the problem of catching large-scaled rubbishes (e.g. water bottle, plastic bag). The aim is based on stopping the rubbish to flow over, and therefore an intersecting element can be applied to response this aim.Canton Tower is a great example that expresses how the components intersecting with each other (i.e. spiral element, vertical element and horizontal element are intersected with each other). Hence, the achievement of gaining new outcomes can be according to developing (adding, subtracting and re-creating) the definition from reverse-engineered of Canton Tower.

SELECTED OUTCOMES


A rotating polygon with three segments can become a multi-layer ‘fences’ to stop the flowing rubbishes step by step (i.e. fence by fence). Unlike fishes, rubbishes would not be able to change the flowing direction, hence the rotating component can be an obstruction for rubbishes.

SELECTED OUTCOMES

Due to 3D Voronoi created random volume on tower’s surface, those gaps in different geometries can be another obstruction to shop flowing rubbishes since the surface area is too small for rubbishes.

A dense and concentrated intersecting element is an opportunity to stop both small-scaled and large-scaled items which flowing through the river.

In contrast, a sparse and thin intersecting element can only allow large-scaled rubbish to be remained, but it has the ability to allow the marine life going through.

50 CRITERIA DESIGN

B.5. TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPES

At the beginning of thinking about materialisation, MDF is chosen to be the structural element of model.Three selected outcomes are decided as prototype to be materialisation. By using Rhino, the assembly drawing can be sent to FabLab (for Laser Cut).

FIG.B.5.1 ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE

FIG.B.5.2 LASER CUT OUTCOMES

CRITERIA DESIGN 51

The first one is based on the Voronoi one that each piece is connected to its surrounded. Hence, it will be interesting by finding the connection that can join every single piece.

The initial idea is to design a cross tube as the joint that can be printed by 3D printer.

However, due to the dimension of tube is too small, the upper surface of tube is collapsed.

It can be seen that the printed tube is planned to connect wood strips from four directions (it can also applies to two and three directions which depends on the need), and therefore a 3D structure can be built.

FIRST PROTOPYPE

FIG.B.5.4 PIECES OF FIRST PROTOTYPE

FIG.B.5.3 CONNECTION BY 3D PRINTER

FIG.B.5.5 CONNECTION DETAIL

FIG.B.5.6 IDEAL PROTOTYPE

52 CRITERIA DESIGN

SECOND PROTOPYPE

Base on this intersecting element, those MDF panels can be used to embed into each other. This means, the structure can be supported by themselves without any extra joints.

The initial idea is to put those panels in two directions that can be across to each other, the intersection (or the joint) will be the notch which allow them to insert.

However, this prototype is failed due to the notch is too big for inserting MDF panel. The thickness of MDF does not match the notch.

FIG.B.5.8 INITIAL IDEA OF CONNECTIONFIG.B.5.7 PIECES OF SECOND PROTOTYPE

CRITERIA DESIGN 5353 CRITERIA DESIGN

THIRD PROTOPYPE 1.0

The third one is based on the Polygon one. As the picture shown on the left, those polygons are paralleled horizontally to each other without any supporting. This will never happen in reality, hence I try digging four 3mm holes in every corner that can allow rob/strip to go through.

As mentioned above, I tried to use 3D printer to make some connections that can applies to prototypes. However, this one is also failed since the fix joint is also too small (diameter = 3mm) to print, and the middle hole is collapsed.

FIG.B.5.9 FIXTURE BY 3D PRINTER

FIG.B.5.10 CONNECTION BY 3D PRINTERFIG.B.5.11 INITIAL IDEA OF CONNECTION

FIG.B.5.12 CONNECTION DETAIL

FIG.B.5.13 IDEAL PROTOTYPE

54 CRITERIA DESIGN

THIRD PROTOPYPE 2.0

In this case, the material that I test for the joint is Balsa wood strip.

In order to make the structure stable enough, I tilted every frame in tiny degrees, which means those tilted wood frames can use the angle to ‘lock’ themselves and would not be able to move around in between.

FIG.B.5.14 THIRD PROTOTYPE 2.1


CRITERIA DESIGN 55

THIRD PROTOPYPE 3.0

The second connection is chosen from plastic folder and binder clip.

Plastic folder is cut into several 1cm × 5cm strips, and use binder clip to fix those plastic strips with entire structure.

Due to the plastic strip has its own property, the structure can be more flexible if gives the pressure, otherwise it can stand by itself.

FIG.B.5.16 THIRD PROTOTYPE 3.1 FIG.B.5.17 THIRD PROTOTYPE 3.2


56 CRITERIA DESIGN

B.6. TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL

SITE #1

Quiet place with less noise sources and

people, less rubbishes but eutrophication.

CHOSEN SITE #1

- Along Merri Creek- Adjacent Brunswick

Terminal Station is nearby

BRIEF

A rubbish collecting system that can use to

collect floating rubbishes from both surface of

river and inner the river.

NN

LOCATION #1 SITE PLAN @ 1:200

BRIEF

A rubbish collecting system that can use to

collect floating rubbishes from both surface of

river and inner the river.

CRITERIA DESIGN 57

CHOSEN SITE #2

- Under the bridge of the intersection of Moreland

Rd and Merri Creek

SITE #2

Noise place with more exercising people and more rubbish sources.

N

LOCATION #2 SITE PLAN @ 1:200

58 CRITERIA DESIGN

HOW THE TECHNIQUE COULD BE APPLIED TO THE SITE?

As the aim of my brief is to collect floating rubbishes from the surface of river or inner

the river, a large-scaled network component is needed to stop the rubbish to go through.

Visually, Canton Tower is a latticed design which has three connecting ring and bracing

pieces across the surface, and this can be utilized as stopping of floating rubbishes while aquatic life can be flowing through.

WHAT IS INNOVATIVE ABOUT THE DESIGN?

Although the design is placed in the water, there is a bridge on chosen site and the entire structure can be suspended under the bridge. This means, this network component has two extended edges which connect to the bridge,

and once the amount of rubbish reach a certain level, the entire structure can be pulled

out from river and collect them all in once.

In order to prevent rubbishes flowing through Merri Creek for protecting the environment and underwater ecosystem, a rubbish catching cage is designed to stop flowing rubbishes.

Based on the pervious Voronoi Species, a shorter voronoi volume is recreated for placing within the river easily. An improvement is that there is two volumes compose together in different size, where

one is with positive 160 degrees of rotation angle and the other one is with negative 30 degrees. The purpose of two different rotation angles is to create different volume within the cage, which

means, preventing rubbishes to flow through while increasing the difficult of obstacle/barrier.

FIG.B.6.1 PHOTOMONTAGE 1.0

CRITERIA DESIGN 59

WHAT ARE THE CONCEPTUAL AND TECHNICAL ACHIEVEMENTS?

At this stage, I found that the technical outcome matched to the conceptual idea, but it will never stop at this stage since the further development will getting deeper and harder, and I still need to improve my Grasshopper skill in order to make my design better. For

instance, how to integrate this network component and Merri Creek in a better way,

or how to design its appearance in aesthetics way, there are many problems that I need to

consider and solve. Preliminarily, Grasshopper gives the preview of what the design looks like, and tell the direction of further design.

WHY IS PREFERABLE?

Firstly, it is a latticed structure that intersecting with each other; secondly, it

has unlimited possibility to achieve different levels of density (dense or thin); different types of networks in different geometries (depending on the segment of polygon). It

has more flexibility than other structure.

ANY DRAWBACKS AND HOW TO OVERCOME?

The limitation of this structure is the fixture. Once the flooding (or large amount of water

stream) is coming, the entire structure will be very unstable, and the network may

be flooding away if the tension between bridge and structure is not strong enough.

To overcome the problem, the connection that underneath or on the bank of the river

has to be stable and strong enough.

This rubbish catching cage can be placed several locations along Merri Creek since flowing rubbishes are obviously

on the surface of river in some water streams. A Rubbish Catching Cage

FIG.B.6.2 PHOTOMONTAGE 2.0

60 CRITERIA DESIGN

B.7. LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES

The learning objectives from Studio Air have subverted my design thinking from simple hand-drawing design to algorithmic thinking and computational design. It is amazing that parametric modelling design can produce such fluid shape and complexity that impossible to do by traditional way of design.

Throughout Part B, Research Field – Green Void and Volt-Dom both gave me a sense of minimizing space and a sense of creating complex double curved vaulted just on the simple rolling of a surface. They are able to help me for preliminarily understanding the algorithmic thinking within a project. Case Study 1 – Volt-Dom, by given definition, I was taught from a brand new technique that weekly videos have not taught before. I can gain new technique knowledge by the progress of learning such new definition, and also it gave me a large range of different opportunities to achieve various results from initial definition. Case Study 2 – Canton Tower, before creating own definition, the research part is very important for understanding the project. It is interesting that there are several methods for generating twisting and rotating tower. Learnt from those videos and theories, tried to combine different definitions to achieve completely different result from initial is essential, a single project can be achieved by varieties of method.

Through the research of Volt-Dom, I have learnt a historical element (such as vault) can be even produced by parametric design. The initial definition gave me an opportunity to understand how the dome can be created on a surface, and then I can develop further more by creating different surfaces. There is a variety of outcomes can be resulted by simply changing parameters. Single definition changed can cause completely different results. From Case Study 2 – Canton Tower, is a complete parametric modelling project. By exploring the definition of Canton Tower, I found different ways to re-create it out through researches. For every method, many iterations can be produced due to their initial definition are all different. This can also help me to gain my knowledge by learning from different commands in Grasshopper. It is amazing which a single object can be created in those ways, also, by adding and /or subtracting those methods into initial definition, many unique, crazing, and even nonsense outcomes can be produced.

CRITERIA DESIGN 61

B.7. APPENDIX - ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES

62 CRITERIA DESIGN

CRITERIA DESIGN 63

66 CRITERIA DESIGN

Archdaily, ‘Green Void / LAVA’, <http://www.archdaily.com/10233/green-void-lava/ > [accessed 6 April, 2016]

Archdaily, ‘Canton Tower / Information Based Architecture‘, <http://www.archdaily.com/89849/canton-tower-information-based-architecture/> [accessed 13 April, 2016]

Arch2o, ‘Voltadom by skylar Tibbits | Skylar Tibbits‘, <http://www.arch2o.com/voltadom-by-skylar-tibbits-skylar-tibbits/> [accessed 7 April, 2016]

China Highlights, ‘Canton Tower‘, <http://www.chinahighlights.com/guangzhou/attraction/canton-tower.htm> [accessed 13 April, 2016]

Designcoding, ‘Variable Voronoi Study‘, <http://www.designcoding.net/variable-voronoi-study/> [accessed 10 April, 2016]

Design Playgrounds, ‘VoltaDom by Skylar Tibbits‘, <http://designplaygrounds.com/deviants/voltadom-by-skylar-tibbits/> [accessed 7 April, 2016]

Laboratory For Visionary Architecture, ‘Green Void‘, <http://www.l-a-v-a.net/projects/green-void/> [accessed 6 April, 2016]

YouTube, ‘Build Component on a Surface with Grasshopper‘, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLQuKrW9-YI> [accessed 10 April, 2016]

REFERENCES

CRITERIA DESIGN 67

Part B Journal

Documents

Transcript of Part B Journal