Part 2: Environmental Issues
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Transcript of Part 2: Environmental Issues
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Part 2: Environmental Issues
and the search for solutions
www.aw-bc.com/Withgott
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Chapter 8: Human Population
its approaching 7 billion population growth rate is at 1.2%
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U.S.Population
U.S.Population Growth 2000-2012
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Effect of Population on the Environment
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Population as a Factor that affect the Environment
As population increases it takes more space, resources and generates waste
IPAT model I= impact P= population A= affluence T= technology I = P x A x T
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Other factors to consider
many factors could be considered but the most important ones are:
Sensitive factor– if the environment where the population is located is
sensitive to human pressure, that factor (S) has to be considered as well
– I = P x A x T x S
pollution resource consumption
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Effect of Population Growth on the Environment
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Demography
study of human population environmental impact depends on
– density– distribution– technology– composition
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Density and Distribution
clumped distribution – cities and towns
highest in temperate, subtropical and tropical– Europe– China and India– Africa
lowest in extreme-climate biomes, have high S value in IPAT
– desert– tundra– deep rainforest
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Age Distribution: low vs. high growth rate
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China
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US Baby Boomers and Echo Boomers
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Dallas CensusDallas Census
www.censusscope.org
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Factors Affecting Population Growth
birth rate– declined due to birth pill and education
death rate– declines due to technology
immigration and emigration– created environmental degradation in areas
where war caused people to flee Rwanda genocide in the 80's Sudan civil war
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Total Fertility Rate
Average number of children born per female individual, during lifetime
Factors that lower the #-low children mortality rates-increasing urbanization-children impose costs-women in the workforce
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Life Expectancy
average number of years a person is expected to live from birth.
increase in life expectancy reduced rates of infant mortality
– urbanization– industrialization– personal wealth– improved quality of life
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Demographic Transition
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Woman's Rights
contraceptive availability education opportunities personal freedom
of choice as a result children
are better cared for as a consequence the environment is less affected
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Population Policies and Family Planning
China- 1.3 billon people– one child policy since the 70s
India- 1 billion people– sterilization – two child policy
incentives education contraception reproductive health care
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Poverty Strongly Correlated with Population Growthwww.aw-bc.com/Withgott
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Poverty vs Population Growth GNI= gross national income PPP= purchasing power parity
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Consumption from Affluent Societies
can be equal or worse than a high density poor population
affluent societies consume resources from other localities plus theirs
larger footprints 1 American= 6 Chinese=12 Indians/Ethiopians humans live 25% above the environment's carrying
capacity global sustainability is needed
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HIV/AIDS
67.5% of infected population is in the sub-Sahara desert
high natality high mortality life expectancy dropped from 59 to 40 in the last
decade Caribbean and Southeast Asia is next
– 10 million expected to be infected between 2005-2010
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Demographic Changes due to HIV/AIDS
young productive citizens are affected by HIV/AIDS– Zambia: 600 teachers die of AIDS, 300 are graduated per
year– Rwanda: 1:3 of the college educated are infected
demographic fatigue– government is overwhelmed by demands– stretched beyond capabilities– government collapses and chaos arises
THE END