PART 2

Potsdam Conference July 16th, 1945

Churchill/Truman/Stalin

Attlee/Truman/Stalin

Potsdam Agreement p.239-40

• What leaders met a Potsdam?• Why was the undercurrent of the conference

one of political and economic division?• What were the leaders greatest fears at the

end of WW11 ?

Iron Curtain – A term used by Winston

Churchill to describe the separating of Those

communistlands of East Europe from

the West.

Churchill Sinews of Peace (Iron Curtain)_1.wmv

Map p.238

• In 1945 the allies allowed the USSR to establish communist governments in what would become the Soviet Satellite states.

• the Western Liberal democracies were in no position to ensure that “free elections” would be held in Soviet-occupied Eastern Europe.

Truman Doctrine

How could the competing viewpoints of Stalin, Novikov and Truman and the superpowers’ competing ideologies create

tension in international relations?

p.241 Stalin Point of view

p.241 Novikov

p.242 Truman

Stalin & The Marshall Plan

Why would Stalin want to block the Marshall Plan?

A British cartoon of June 1947 shows Truman and Stalin as two

taxi-drivers trying to get customers. The 'customers' are labeled 'Turkey', 'Hungary', 'Bulgaria', 'Austria'

Move / Countermove

Truman and Stalin

• The Molotov Plan was the system created by the Soviet Union in 1947 in order to provide aid to rebuild the countries in Eastern Europe that were politically and economically aligned to the Soviet Union.

• It can be seen to be the USSR's version of the Marshall Plan, which for political reasons the Eastern European countries would not be able to join without leaving the Soviet sphere of influence.

What are the conflicting Ideologies?

Berlin 1

Post-War GermanyBerlin Air Lift clip

The Berlin Blockade

Shortly before landing at the Tempelhof airport in the American sector of Berlin, pilots would drop candy attached to parachutes to children below. The pilots were called the candy bombers.

Fortifying the Border: The Berlin Wall

• “THE WALL WAS BUILT IN 1961 AND BECAME THE SYMBOL FOR THE COLD WAR”

• Stopped the flow of East Germans into West Berlin

• West Berlin became an island of Western values and beliefs with the Soviet-dominated communism.( competing Ideologies)

Basic Facts (at the time of July 31, 1989)

• Basic Facts (at the time of July 31, 1989)• • Total border length around West Berlin: 96 mi / 155 km

• Border between East and West Berlin: 27 mi / 43.1 km

• Border between West Berlin and East Germany: 69 mi / 111.9 km

• Border through residential areas in Berlin: 23 mi / 37 km

• Concrete segment wall: 3.6m (11.81 ft.) high, 66 mi / 106 km

• Wire mesh fencing: 41 mi / 66.5 km

• Anti-vehicle trenches: 65 mi / 105.5 km

• Contact or signal fence: 79 mi / 127.5 km

• Column track: 6-7 m (7.33 yd) wide, 77 mi / 124.3 km

• Number of watch towers: 302

• Number of bunkers: 20

• Persons killed on the Berlin Wall: 192

• Persons injured by shooting: ca. 200