Part 1. Introduction to Polymer Science
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Transcript of Part 1. Introduction to Polymer Science
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4th editionL. H. Sperling
ISBN 0-471-70606-X
Part 1.Introduction to Polymer Science
Midterm + Final 50 %
Quizzes 50 %
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1. Introduction to Polymer Science2. Chain Structure and Configuration3. Dilute Solution4. Concentrated Solution 5. The amorphous state6. The crystalline state7. Polymers in the liquid crystalline state8. Glass-Rubber Transition Behavior9. Cross-linked Polymers and Rubber Elasticty10. Polymer Viscoelasticity and Rheology11. Mechanical Behavior of Polymers12. Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces13. Muticomponent Polymeric Materials14. Modern Polymer Topics
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Part 2.Polymer Crystallography
Crystallization MechanismDiffraction (WAXS/SAXS)
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Chapter 1. Introduction to Polymer Science
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Polymer comes from life
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From Caouchouc (“weeping tree”) to vulcanized rubber
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Charles Goodyear (1800-1860)
Vulcanization of natural rubber
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HERMANN STAUDINGER (1881-1965)
1953 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry. Background Residence: Germany
Macromolecular Hypothesis
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1.1 From little molecules to big molecules
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Alkane/Polyethylene
Monomer oligomer polymer
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Molecular weight-melting temperature relationship for the alkane series
Tm of PE
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Comparison of wax and polyethylene structure and morphology
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Entanglement of polymer chains
Low molecular weightNo entanglement
High molecular weightChains are entangled
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1.2 Molecular weight and molecular weight distributions
1.2.1 Effect on tensile strength
b is tenile stress to breakMn is the number-average molecular weightA and B are constants
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1.2.2 Molecular weight average
Number average molecular weight
Weight average molecular weight
Mw/Mn: polydispersity index
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1.3 Major polymer transition
1. Glassy2. glassy transition3. rubbery plateau4. Rubbery flow5. Viscous flow
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1.4 Polymer synthesis and structure
1.4.1 Chain polymerization1.4.1.1 Free Radical polymerization
1.4.1.2 initiation
InitiationPropagationtermination
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1.4.1.3 propagation
1.4.1.4 termination
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1.4.2 Step polymerization
1.4.2.1 A polyester condensation reaction
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Nylon 4
Nylon 48
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1.4.2.2 Stepwise nomenclature and structures
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1.5 Cross-linking, plasticizers, and fillers
The cross-linking of rubber with sulfur is called “vulcanization”
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1.7 Historical development of industrial polymers
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PE
PP
PB
PI
PS
PAN
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PVC
PVA PVAC
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Teflon
PMMA
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POM
Nylon66
Nylon6
PPO
PEO
PET