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Organic / Biotic Factors . . .(the living environment)
PlantsAnimalsProtistsBacteriaFungi (All living things
containing carbon)
Inorganic /Abiotic factors . . .(the non-living environment)
WindTemperatureMoistureLightSoilMinerals Fire
Population:
a group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time.
Symbiosis: close association between two or more organisms of different species.
Commensalism - one benefits, one isn’t affected (eg. Whale & Barnacles)
Mutualism - both benefit (eg. Insects & Plants)
Parasitism - one benefits, one is harmed (eg. Ticks & Dogs)
2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem
Organisms differ in how they obtain energy
Autotrophs Heterotrophs
organism that collects energy from sunlight or inorganic substances to produce food
organism that consumes other organisms
Omnivores - eat anything
Carnivores - eat meat
Insectivores - eat
insects
Herbivores - eat plants
Producers - make own
food
Trophic level = feeding step
Ecological (Energy) Pyramid
Food chain - shows how energy flows
producer herbivore omnivore omnivoreproducer 1st order
consumer2nd order consumer
3rd order consumer
Organisms almost always eat, and are eaten by, many different organisms.
Food web: interconnected food chains
How energy flows . . .
Sun - main source of energyAutotrophs / producers…
can make own foodHeterotrophs / consumers…
must eatDecomposers / saprophytes…
fungi & bacteria break down dead materials
Cycles Within Ecosystems:Chapter 2.3, pg. 45 - 49
Water cycle – precipitation and evaporationCarbon cycle – increasing carbon dioxide
traps more heat and causes the “greenhouse effect.”
Nitrogen cycle – (next slide)
Nitrogen cycle
Nitrogen fixation is the conversion of… – “N” into usable organic compounds by
bacteria– “N” from decaying organisms into
ammoniaThe release of “N” from organisms that
are being decomposed.
Adaptation: the process by which a species becomes better suited to its environment.
ColorationSpeedMigrationThick furChemical defensesHibernation/
EstivationSizeThorns and stickers