8/10/2019 Parsing Exercises Practice Final

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Linguistics 201 Practice Final KEY

ii. Every cat ran in the kitchen and barfed in the kitchen.S

NP

Detevery

NN

cat

VP

VPVP

V

ran

and VP

V

barfed

PPP

in

NP

Det

the

N

N

kitchenc. These tricky problems and solutions bothered the TAs.

i. These tricky problems and the solutions bothered the TAs.

S

NP

Det

these

N

N

A

tricky

N

N

problems

and N

N

solutions

VP

V

bothered

NP

Det

the

N

N

TAs

ii. These tricky problems and tricky solutions bothered the TAs.S

NP

Det

these

N

A

tricky

N

NN

problems

and NN

solutions

VP

V

bothered

NP

Det

the

N

NTAs

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Linguistics 201 Practice Final KEY

2

Let me teach you a new sufx in English: [ bow]. Heres an example of it: [ D@ laUd-bow fEl @slijp]. A [laUdbow] is someone who is loud. Here are some more examples:

[Ngrijbow], [sAftbow], [kwaItbow], [2glijbow], [2nhpijbow] and [naIsbow]. Give methe rule for this sufx; tell me what category (part of speech) it belongs to. Give therepresentation for the word [ 2nhpijbow ] using tree notation.

Answer:

[bow] attaches to adjectives. Because the words it makes are nouns, we can tell from theRighthand Head Rule that [bow] is a noun. The parse for [ 2nhpijbow], is:

N

A

??

2n

A

hpij

N

bow

3

Transcribe and syllabify the following words.(2) a. devilry:

O

d

N

E

O

v

N

I

C

l

O

N

ij b. productivity:

O

ph

N

ow

O

d

N

2

C

k

O

t hN

I

O

v

N

I

O

t

N

ijc. encrusted:

N

E

C

n

O

kh

N

2

O

s t

N

I

C

d

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Linguistics 201 Practice Final KEY

4

Consider the following words.

gixo bar kExUd space GAfk2St waterGug glass xubik wood g2sixA airgeski turkeys gEbuk metal uSnig dirtbuxu white gkeg round kGAb cool

Compare the +consonantal

-continuant+back

sounds and the +consonantal+continuant

+back sounds and tell me whether

they are allophonically related, or constitute different phonemes. If allophones, expressthe environment in which the conversion takes place in terms of features.

Answer:

The +consonantal-continuant+back

sounds are: [k] and [g]; the +consonantal+continuant+back

sounds are [x] and [G]. Theyare allophones, and the rule is:

+consonantal-continuant

+back [+continuant ] / +vocalic+back

5

Which of the following could be words of English? For each one that is impossible,tell me which phonological constraint(s) prevents it.

(3) a. [spowg]: possible word b. [@sdAN]: possible wordc. [spIsS ]: violates the constraint against two [+strident] sounds in a coda.d. [stAlk]: possible worde. [lNg1sd]: violates constraint against [-voice] [+voice] in a coda.f. [ph uwijzt]: violates constraint against [+voice] [-voice] in a coda.g. [mijnd ]: possible word

h. [sbleik1] violates constraint on three-phone onset, whichrequires the second sound to be a voiceless stop

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Linguistics 201 Practice Final KEY

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Give a sentence that illustrates the Coordinate Structure Constraint.

*CPC

NP

N

N

who

S

Aux

has

S

NP

N

N

she

VP

VP

VP

V

talked

PP

PP

P

to

and PP

P

about

NP

N

N

Sam

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Linguistics 201 Practice Final KEY

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Parse the following words into their constituent morphemes, and give the category thateach sufx belongs to.

(4) retieableness N

A

A

2bl"

V

ij V

taI

N

nEs

(5) unlikelihood N

A

2n A

laIklij

N

hUd

(6) rerouted V

V

ij V

raUt

?V

Id

8

Each of the following are impossible words in English. Tell me what goes wrong witheach of them.

(1) rehappiness:violates the requirement that re attach to a verb. It isattaching either to an adjective ( happy) or a noun ( hap- piness) in this example.

(2) reroutedness:

The ed sufx is an inectional sufx, and ness is aderivational sufx. Derivational sufxes cannot be at-tached to words that have an inectional sufx inthem, and that is what has happened here.

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Which of the following pairs of sounds are phonemes in English and which allophones.For each phoneme, give me a minimal pair that illustrates their phonemic status.

(1) [T] and [z] phonemes, minimal pairs: [TiN] vs. [ziN](2) [D] and [b] phonemes, minimal pairs: [DEn] vs. [bEn](3) [l

] and [l] allophones

(4) [k] and [S] phonemes, minimal pairs: [SAt] vs. [kAt](5) [p] and [ph ] allophones(6) [] and [] phonemes, minimal pairs: [b] vs. [b]

(7) [uw] and [] phonemes, minimal pairs: [suwt] vs. [st]

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8/10/2019 Parsing Exercises Practice Final

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Linguistics 201 Practice Final KEY

10

The following are some sentences from Elvish.

(1) a. BlaegElves

sturt.stink

Elves stink. b. Blaeg

Elvestilin

fowrkindining-halls

siterhands

linthe

anker.eat

Elves eat the hands in dining-hallsc. Blaeg

Elveszumsome

upon

RundagSundays

tilin

peed bed

anker.eat

Some elves eat in bed on Sundays.d. Blaek

Elf linthe

mitwith

stakercats

upon

RundagSundays

tilin

peed bed

ankter.ate

The elf ate in bed on Sundays with cats.e. Blaek

Elf zanlazy

linthe

upon

MandagSaturday

siterhands

zumsome

ankterate

The lazy elf ate some hands on Saturday.f. Blaek

Elf zanlazy

umberugly

linthe

upon

MandagSaturday

tilin

peed bed

siterhands

sunred

blinggreasy

zumsome

trastty. butcheredThe ugly lazy elf butchered some greasy red hands in bed on Saturday.

Complete the following rules for Elvish in such a way that they allow one to parse all of the sentences above.

(2) a. S NP VP b. NP N (Det)c. N N Ad. N Ne. VP (NP) Vf. VP PP VPg. PP P NP

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