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Parma

Full name Parma Football Club S.p.A.

Nickname(s) I Crociati[1] (The Crusaders)

I Gialloblù[1] (The Yellow and Blues)

I Ducali[1] (The Duchy Men)

Gli Emiliani[1] (The Emilians)

Founded 16 December 1913, as Parma Foot BallClub

Ground Stadio Ennio Tardini,Parma, Italy

Capacity 21,473[2]

President Giampietro Manenti[3]

Head coach Roberto Donadoni[4]

2013–14 Serie A, 6th

Website Club home page (http://fcparma.com/)

Home colours Away colours Third colours

Parma F.C.From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Parma Football Club (formerly ParmaAssociazione Calcio), commonly referred to as justParma, is an Italian professional football clubbased in Parma, Emilia­Romagna that will competein Serie A in the 2014­15 season, having finished insixth position last season. Founded as Parma FootBall Club in December 1913, the club has playedits home matches in the 27,906­seat Stadio EnnioTardini, often referred to as simply Il Tardini, since1923.

Although Parma has never won a domestic leaguetitle and never competed for major trophies untilthe 1990s, it has won three Italian Cups, oneSupercoppa Italiana, two UEFA Cups, oneEuropean Super Cup and one UEFA Cup Winners'Cup. Bankrolled by Calisto Tanzi, the club wonthese eight trophies between 1992 and 2002, aperiod in which it achieved its best ever leaguefinish – as runners­up in the 1996–97 season – andthreatened the dominance of the league'sestablished powers: Juventus, Milan andInternazionale, the only Italian sides to have hadmore success in European competition thanParma.[5][6]

More recently, club's ambitions have been morelimited.[7] Financial troubles were brought about inlate 2003 by the Parmalat scandal which caused theparent company to collapse and resulted in the cluboperating in controlled administration until January2007. The club has traditionally played attractivefootball and developed players through the club'sacademy.[8] Despite the recent downturn in success,the club is an associated member and one of nineItalian clubs that are part of the European ClubAssociation, a representative collection of Europe'smost elite clubs, formed after the dissolution of theG­14.[9][10]

Contents

1 History1.1 Early years (1913–1968)

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1.2 Re­birth and improvement(1968–1989)1.3 Success and insolvency (1989–2004)1.4 Second re­birth (2004–present)

2 Colours and badge3 Grounds4 Support

4.1 Rivalries5 Ownership and finances6 Players

6.1 First­team squad6.2 Out on loan

6.2.1 At Gubbio6.2.2 At Paganese6.2.3 At Gorica

6.3 Passive co­ownership6.4 Other players under contract6.5 Retired numbers6.6 Academy6.7 Former players6.8 Club captains6.9 Player records

7 Club officials7.1 Presidential history7.2 Managerial history

8 Honours8.1 National8.2 European8.3 Minor

9 Notes10 Footnotes11 Bibliography12 External links

History

Early years (1913–1968)

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Location of Parma in Italy

A club was founded in July 1913 as Verdi Foot Ball Club in honourof the centenary of famous opera composer Giuseppe Verdi, whowas born in the province of Parma.[11] It adopted yellow and blue asits colours.[12][13] In December of the same year, Parma Foot BallClub was formed from many of the original club's players and beganwearing white shirts emblazoned with a black cross.[14] Parmabegan playing league football during the 1919–20 season after theend of World War I.[11] Construction of a stadium, the Stadio EnnioTardini, began two years later.[2] Parma became a founder memberof Serie B after finishing as runners­up in the Prima Divisione in the1928–29 season. The club would remain in Serie B for three yearsbefore being relegated and changing its name to AssociazioneSportiva Parma in 1931.[13] In the 1935–36 season, Parma became afounding member of Serie C, where the club stayed until winningpromotion back to Serie B in 1943. Italian football was then broughtto a halt as the Second World War intensified, although the team did make an appearance in theCampianto Alta Italia in 1944.

Following the restart of organised football, Parma spent three years in Serie B, then split into tworegional divisions, before again being relegated in 1948–49 to Serie C. The side would spend anotherfive seasons in Serie C before an eleven­year spell in Serie B that included the achievement of ninthposition in 1954–55, a club record at that time.[15] This was an era in which the club's players generallyheld down other jobs or were still in education and where the town's amateur rugby union and volleyballsides, Rugby Parma F.C. 1931 and Ferrovieri Parma, proved more popular among the moreprivileged.[16] Parma made its debut in European competition during the 1960–61 season, defeatingSwiss side AC Bellinzona in the Coppa delle Alpi, but relegation to Serie C followed in 1964–65 season.Parma spent just one season in Serie C before a second successive relegation, this time to Serie D, in1966.

Re­birth and improvement (1968–1989)

The club was in turmoil and was ordered into liquidation by the Court of Parma in 1968, changing itsname to Parma Football Club that year. In 1969, another local team, Associazione Calcio Parmense, wonpromotion to Serie D. On 1 January 1970, A.C. Parmense adopted the sporting licence of the liquidatedclub which had been formed in 1913. This meant that it had the right to use the crociato shirts, the badgeand the city's name.[12][13][15] This brought about a change of luck in both financial and sporting terms,as the side was crowned Serie D champions and spent three years in Serie C before promotion to SerieB; however, it was a short stay. The team was relegated back to Serie C in their second season in thedivision. A return to Serie B did not materialise until the end of the 1970s and the club again lasted onlyone season in the second division of Italian football.

Under the management of Cesare Maldini, Parma once again returned to Serie B after winning theirdivision in 1984 with victory on the final day over Sanremo; Juventus­bound Stefano Pioli scored theonly goal of the game. The Ducali again only spent a year in Serie B, finishing third from bottom andsuccumbing to relegation as a consequence. Arrigo Sacchi did, however, manage to return the club toSerie B in 1986 after a single season in the third tier. The side enjoyed good success that season inmissing out on promotion to Italy's top tier by just three points and eliminating A.C. Milan from the

Parma

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Alberto Malesani

Claudio Ranieri (2007photograph) managed Parmaduring the latter half of the2006–07 season.

Coppa Italia, a result that convinced owner Silvio Berlusconi to hire Sacchi as the new manager of theRossoneri. Sacchi's replacement, Zdeněk Zeman, was fired after just seven matches and replaced byGiampieri Vitali, who secured two consecutive mid­table finishes.

Success and insolvency (1989–2004)

Nevio Scala was appointed as head coach in 1989.[15] Scala's Parmasecured a historic promotion in 1990 to Serie A with a 2–0 Derbydell'Enza win over A.C. Reggiana 1919.[17] and investment from parentcompany Parmalat helped to improve the team's fortunes and the clubmade its debut in UEFA competition in 1991.[12][17][18][19] Scala led theclub to its first four major honour. The first of these was the Coppa Italiain 1991–92, beating Juventus 2–1 over two legs. The following yearcame the first international triumph in a 3–1 victory in the Cup Winners'Cup over Belgian side Antwerp at Wembley.[17][20] Later that year, theside was successful in the UEFA Super Cup, overcoming Milan 2–1 onaggregate, but lost the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup final 1–0 againstArsenal.[17] Scala's final success with Parma was in another two­legged

final against Juventus: Dino Baggio scored twice to give Parma a 2–1 aggregate win, but Juventusexacted revenge in the Coppa Italia final. Replaced by Carlo Ancelotti, Scala departed in 1996 and was apopular coach for the trophies he won and because the team played attractive football in the tradition ofthe club.[16]

Ancelotti overhauled the team and guided it to a record second place in1997.[17][21][22] Parma consequently made their debut in the ChampionsLeague the following year. Alberto Malesani was installed as coach in1998 and the club completed a rare cup double in his first season,winning the Coppa Italia final against Fiorentina on the away goals ruleand the UEFA Cup against Marseille at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscowwith a 3–0 victory before Supercoppa Italiana victory over leaguechampions Milan followed in August 1999. In 2000, Hernán Crespo wassold to Lazio for a world record transfer fee and Malesani departed.Under replacement Renzo Ulivieri, the club lost the Coppa Italia final toFiorentina. Under Pietro Carmignani in 2002, Parma won a third CoppaItalia trophy against Juventus (but would slip to defeat in the 2002Supercoppa Italiana) and finished outside the top 6 for the first timesince promotion in 1990. This success earned them a tag as one of the"Seven Sisters".[23][24] In April 2004, the club was declared insolventfollowing the financial meltdown of Parmalat.[25][26][27]

Second re­birth (2004–present)

The club re­formed as Parma Football Club in June 2004 and the 2004–05 season saw Parma plummetto their lowest finish in Serie A – despite a second consecutive 23­goal haul from Gilardino, who wasthen sold for €24m – as managers came and went.[23] Parma ended the following season, their firstwithout European competition since 1991, in tenth, but returned in 2006 after the Calciopoli scandal. On24 January 2007, Tommaso Ghirardi bought the club out of administration and became the owner andpresident of Parma F.C.[28] Manager Claudio Ranieri helped the team avoid relegation to Serie B on the

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The old ParmaA.C. logo, useduntil the namechange to ParmaF.C. in 2004

Parma's crestuntil 2012

final day of the 2006–07 season following his February appointment;[29][30] however, under a successionof managers, Parma's battle with relegation the following year was not successful, consigning the club toSerie B after eighteen years in the top flight.[13][31]

Francesco Guidolin won promotion back to Serie A at the first attempt with a second­place finish andled the side to eighth on its return to Serie A in 2009–10, narrowly missing out on qualification for theEuropa League before leaving for Udinese. In May 2010, Guidolin swapped jobs with Pasquale Marino,who was sacked by Ghirardi in April 2011 when Parma was caught in another relegationdogfight.[32][33][34] Under Marino's replacement, Franco Colomba, Parma escaped the threat of relegationwith two games to spare.[35] In January 2012, Colomba was replaced by Roberto Donadoni following awinless run that culminated in a 5­0 loss to Inter and the new coach led the team to eighth position in aSerie A club record 7­match winning run.[36][37] In 2014, Donadoni guided Parma to sixth in Serie A anda third consecutive top ten finish, but a return to Europe for the first time since 2007 was barred due tothe late payment of income tax on salaries, for which the club would also be docked a point during the2014–15 Serie A season.[38][39]

As a result of the club's exclusion from Europe, Tommaso Ghirardi sold his controlling stake toAlbanian businessman Rezart Taçi's Cypriot­Russian company Dastraso Holding Limited on 19December 2014.[40][41] In the following month, Albanian Ermir Kodra was installed as president at theage of 29.[42] In February, Taci sold his stake to Giampietro Manenti for the price he bought it, €1, lessthan two months after buying it, at which point salaries at the financially stricken club had not been paidsince the previous summer.[43][44][45]

Colours and badge

The team is characterised by having used two different colour schemes in recentmemory and at its inception. Originally, the club wore yellow and blue chequeredshirts in honour of the city's traditional colours, which date back to 1545 when theDuchy of Parma was established,[46] but white shirts with a black cross on the chestwere introduced after the First World War, drawing inspiration from Juventus'colours, following a name change.[14] White continued to be worn as the maincolour of the home kits for much of the remainder of the century, although oftencomplemented with yellow, blue or both, rather than black. The club did, however,experiment in the 1950s with blue shirts and blue and yellow striped shirts. Thecross shirts were restored and worn until bankruptcy in 1968, when white shirts withoff­centre blue and yellow vertical bands were worn, but the cross returned from1970 until 1983 when a yellow and blue­sleeved white shirt was introduced andused for 8 years.

After decades in the lower divisions, Parma was promoted to Serie A in 1990, wherethe side immediately became a major force in the battle for major trophies, on manynotable occasions in direct opposition to Juventus, who would become fierce rivalsof Parma's. This rivalry and the influence of Parmalat led to the demotion of thewhite shirts to the away kit, so the side wore yellow and blue hooped shirts at homefor six seasons between 1998 and 2004, and navy blue shirts often worn as thirdchoice in this period. This was a time of great success for the club, thus the shirtshave become synonymous with Parma, often still called the Gialloblu (Yellow andBlues) today, despite a recent reversion to the traditional white shirts emblazoned

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Parma'scentenary badge

Stadio Ennio Tardini, Parma's homestadium

with a cross caused by parent company Parmalat's collapse and the clubs subsequent re­foundation asParma Football Club. Yellow and blue are normally Parma's away kit colours, used in variouscombinations since 2004, such as vertical stripes, hoops, crosses or as solid colour designs.[47]

Parma's logo changed in 2005 to reflect the name change from Parma A.C. to ParmaF.C., but the logo otherwise remained the same, encompassing the city colours ofyellow and blue and the club's traditional black cross set on a white background, andhas not changed much in years, although it was dramatically overhauled to feature aprancing bull for one season in 2000–01 before it was criticised and discontinued infavour of the old badge. A new badge with broadly similar features was introducedfor the 2014–15 season following the use of a commemorative centenary badge forthe 2013–14 campaign.[48]

Grounds

Parma initially had no permanent home and used the Piazzad'Armi, where two wooden posts constituted the frame of eachgoal. In December 1914, the club began to use land between theVia Emilia, the Eridania refinery and the Ferraguti factory, but itwas sold, so the club returned to the Piazza d'Armi beforetransferring to the Tre Pioppi, the first fenced­off pitch in thecity.[49] Parma moved into their current stadium, the StadioEnnio Tardini, in 1923, although the stadium has since beenoverhauled and altered drastically from the vision of EnnioTardini, under whose auspices the stadium was to be built, butwho died before completion of the venue.[50] Much of therenovation took place after the club's first promotion to Serie A

at the start of the 1990s.[2] The stadium's usable capacity stands at 27,906, but only 23,045 areauthorised to enter at once following the 2009 death of Vicenza fan Eugene Bortolon in the Curva Sud.

Expansion or renovation plans are often discussed at the highest level of the club's hierarchy and theComune di Parma, but no project has received unanimous support. This is partly because the footballclub rent the stadium and often have interests which conflict with those of the municipal authority. Thetenancy expires in 2031. One project which both club and council had agreed on was the potentialredevelopment for Italy's potential hosting of Euro 2016. The bid was eventually unsuccessful, butincluded plans for an improved 31,397 all­seater stadium.[51] An alternative to the development of theTardini is the construction of a new stadium. Recent reports suggest the stadium is unfit for use in UEFAcompetitions due to the inadequacy of its seating.[52] Either way, the state of stadium ownership in Italy,where only Juventus own their stadium, is widely viewed as unsatisfactory.[53][54][55]

The first team trains and plays most of its home friendly matches at the Centro Sportivo di Collecchio inCollecchio, which is located 15.4 kilometres to the south­west of the stadium. Three of Parma's youthteams – the under­20s, the under­17s and the under­16s – play their home matches in the samecomplex.[56] The under­15s and below train at Campi Stuard.[57]

Support

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The coat of arms of theHouse of Farnese – creatorsof the Duchy of Parma –whose colours are theinspiration for many of theclub's kits

The supporters of Parma are seen as placid fans, something for which they are derided.[58] Traditionally,they have been seen as fans who enjoy the spectacle of football and areless partisan, although they have been more characterised by impatienceof late.[16] In Northeast Italy, the team is the fifth best supported, behindInternazionale, Juventus, A.C. Milan and Bologna, the first three ofwhich are not based in that region.[59] They are represented by threemain groups: il Centro di Coordinamento dei Parma Club (whichrepresents most of the fanbase), l'Associazione Petitot and the club'sultras, Boys Parma, which was established on 3 August 1977 by youngfans wanting to split from the Centro di Coordinamento and to encouragemeetings with opposition fans.[60] The Boys Parma occupy the northernend of the home stadium, La Curva Nord, directly opposite to where theaway fans sit in the south stand.[50] In 2008, the Curva Nord wasrenamed in honour of Boys Parma 1977 member Matteo Bagnaresi, whodied when he was run over on the way to the Tardini by a coach whichwas carrying the opposition Juventus fans.[61] In a not uncommonpractice, the number 12 shirt has been reserved for the Parma fans,meaning no player is registered to play with that number on his kit forthe club. The implication is that the supporters, particularly those of thefamous Curva Nord, are the twelfth man. The last player to be registeredwith the number was Gabriele Giroli for the 2002–03 season. Parma's club anthem is Il grido dibattaglia, which means The Battle Cry.[62] For 2011–12, Parma had 7,559 season ticket holders.[63]

Rivalries

Parma maintains rivalries with regional and national clubs; some of these are keenly fought localderbies. Historically, Derby dell'Enza (or, less commonly, Derby del Grana)[nb 1] opponents Reggianaand Derby d'Emilia[nb 2] opponents Bologna have been the club's bitterest rivals.[64][65] The ill­feelingwith Reggiana comes from a traditional city rivalry between Parma and Reggio Emilia; Bologna andParma are Emilia­Romagna's two most decorated clubs, winning the region's only domestic titles: 7Serie A titles and 5 Coppe Italia. Two other local derbies are the Derby dei Ducati,[nb 3] which iscontested with neighbours Modena, and the Derby del Ducato,[nb 4] which is played against Piacenza.[65]Despite their relative obscurity, Lombardian side Cremonese and Tuscan outfit Carrarese, to Parma'snorth and south, respectively, are both seen as rivals too. Of these local derbies, only the Derby d'Emiliais played regularly because only Bologna play in Serie A alongside Parma.

Juventus is considered a great rival of Parma largely due to their recent duels, which include Parma's1995 UEFA Cup victory, its first and third Coppa Italia triumphs, Supercoppa Italiana defeats in 1995and 2002, and its 1995 domestic cup final defeat to The Old Lady.[66][67][68] These six matches comprisenearly half of the fourteen major finals Parma has participated in. Ironically, Parma's colours have theirorigins in those Juventus wears, and the switch from white and black to a yellow and blue home kit inthe late 1990s took place in order to distance and distinguish Parma from Juventus. Parma maintainkeenly fought rivalries with Vicenza and Genoa.

In Italy, it is common for clubs to be twinned in an arrangement called gemellaggi. This is a practiceuncommon elsewhere.[69] Parma enjoy amicable relations with Empoli in an arrangement that dates backto a game played in foggy conditions in 1984 that ended in the Parma fans congratulating those of

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Parma F.C. S.p.A.

Type S.p.A.

Revenue €103M (2013–14)[74]

Operating income (€9M) (2013–14)[74]

Net income (€14M) (2013–14)[74][75]

Total assets €221M (2013–14)[74]

Total equity €10M (2013–14)[74][75]

Number ofemployees

124 (2013–14)[74]

Parent Eventi Sportivi S.p.A.(90%)[76]

­ Mapi Grup (66.55%)[77]

­ Others (33.45%)

Energy T.I. Group S.p.A.(10%)[78]

Empoli on their win when the full­time whistle was blown without the Azzurri fans' knowledge.[70][71]

Perhaps a more current bond is felt towards the fans of Sampdoria.[72][73]

Ownership and finances

In 1991, the club was bought by multinational Italiandairy and food corporation Parmalat. This was theplatform for success on the pitch but the clubeventually succumbed to administration in 2004 dueto the impropriety of its owners, including a €77mloss by the club in 2002 and fraud at Parmalatreportedly exceeding €10bn.[79][24][26] On 24 January2007, engineering entrepreneur Tommaso Ghirardibought the club for less than €3m after three years ofadministration and incorporated Eventi Sportivi as aholding company owning 100% of the club's 20million shares.[28] By 21 January 2009, Ghirardi'sownership of Eventi Sportivi was 75% with BancaMonte Parma holding 10% and Marco Ferrari, formervice­president Diego Penocchio and Penocchio'scompany Brixia Incipit each owning 5%.[80] In July2011, Ghirardi sold to both Alberto Rossi and AlbertoVolpi 5% each of Eventi Sportivi.[81] On 29 February2014, Energy T.I. Group bought 10% of the shares inthe club from Eventi Sportivi.[82] On 19 December2014 and as a result of a ruling which barred the club from a first European campaign under TommasoGhirardi, Ghirardi sold his 66.55% controlling stake in Eventi Sportivi to Dastraso Holding Ltd, acompany based in Cyprus and controlled by Rezart Taçi for €1.[41] The club became the third Serie Aclub to become foreign­owned as a result.[83] Taçi's ownership was shortlived as he re­sold his shares for€1 on 5 February 2015 to Mapi Grup, a Slovenian company owned by Giampietro Manenti.[84][85]

In September 2012, La Gazzetta dello Sport reported the club had the fourteenth highest annual salarybill in Italian football, paying €21.2M to 25 players,[86][87] although these reported figures are generallyunderestimates, as they only include the basic salaries of the first­team squad; the club reported thefigure to be €38.1M for the previous season (89% of non­transfer revenue; UEFA recommends this to bebelow 70%).[88] From the 2010–11 season, Serie A clubs have collective television rights rather thanindividually negotiated rights for the first time since 1998–99, mimicking the world's most commerciallysuccessful league: the Premier League. The domestic rights to broadcast live matches for 2011–13 weresold for €1.748bn to Sky Italia and RAI, among others, and MP & Silva bought the worldwide rights for€181.5M for 2010–12.[89][90] These figures resulted in higher broadcasting revenues for Parma, withlarger clubs suffering from the centralisation of the selling of rights, although clubs do not receive anequal share and Parma's support, recent and historical results, and the city's size, count against them inthe assessment of exact shares. The club has three offices: one at the Stadio Ennio Tardini, one at theCentro Sportivo di Collecchio and one in Shanghai.[91]

Players

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First­team squad

As of 5 February, 2015.[92]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non­FIFAnationality.

No. Position Player2 DF Mattia Cassani

3 MF Andi Lila (on loan from PASGiannina)

4 DF Pedro Mendes5 FW Abdelkader Ghezzal6 DF Alessandro Lucarelli (captain)7 MF Jonathan Biabiany8 MF José Mauri10 FW Ishak Belfodil13 DF Giuseppe Prestia14 MF Daniele Galloppa15 DF Andrea Costa17 FW Raffaele Palladino18 MF Massimo Gobbi

No. Position Player

21 MF Francesco Lodi (on loan fromCatania)

22 GK Alessandro Iacobucci

23 MF Antonio Nocerino (on loanfrom Milan)

24 MF Cristian Rodríguez (on loanfrom Atlético Madrid)

26 FW Silvestre Varela (on loan fromPorto)

27 DF Fabiano Santacroce28 DF Zouhair Feddal31 MF McDonald Mariga80 MF Cristóbal Jorquera83 GK Antonio Mirante88 FW Massimo Coda91 GK Pavol Bajza

92 GK Marijan Ćorić

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non­FIFAnationality.

No. Position Player1 GK Alex Cordaz (at Crotone)9 FW Nicola Pozzi (at Chievo)13 DF Stefan Ristovski (at Latina)20 MF Soufiane Bidaoui (at Latina)

26 MF Gianluca Musacci (atFrosinone)[93]

48 FWAlberto Cerri (at VirtusLanciano)[94]

60 MF Filip Janković (at Catania)[95]

GK Ivan Cacchioli (at L'Aquila)[96]

GK Alessandro Piacenti (at VigorLamezia)[97]

No. Position Player

MF Luca Berardocco (atCrotone)[115]

MF Andrea Casarini (at Bassano)

MF Cosimo Chiricò (at AscoliPicchio)[106]

MF Federico Di Francesco (atCremonese)[116]

MF Andrea Dragonetti (atSalernitana)[117]

MFFrancesco Finocchio (atPisa)[118]

MF Manuel Giandonato (atSalernitana)[119]

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GK Matteo Pisseri (at JuveStabia)[98]

GK Nicola Ravaglia (atCosenza)[99]

GK Mirko Ronchi (at Salernitana)

GK Andrea Rossini (at Savona)[100]

GK Stefano Russo (atSalernitana)[101]

DF Errico Altobello (atMessina)[102]

DF Marco Modolo (at Carpi F.C.1909)

DF Angelo Bencivenga (atFoggia)[103]

DF Dario Castaldo (atLumezzane)[104]

DF Paolo Dametto (at Prato)[105]

DF Cristian Dell'Orco (at AscoliPicchio)[106]

DF Abdelaye Diakité (atTeramo)[107]

DF Matteo Di Gennaro (atRenate)[108]

DF Alessandro Favalli (atCremonese)[109]

DF Gianmarco Ferrari (atCrotone)[110]

DF Abel Gigli (at Crotone)[111]

DF Alberto Giuliatto (atVenezia)[112]

DF Matteo Legittimo (at Grosseto)

DF Giordano Maccarone (atL'Aquila)[96]

DF Marco Paolini (at SanMarino)[113]

DF Andrea Rossi (at Latina)[114]

DF Cristiano Spirito (at VigorLamezia)[97]

DF Giuseppe Pacini (at A.C.Tuttocuoio 1957 San Miniato)

MF Badara Sarr (at Catanzaro)

MF Yves Benoit Bationo (at SanMarino)

MF Antonio Grillo (atSalernitana)[117]

MF Antonio Maglia (at VigorLamezia)[97]

MF Michele Moroni (atCremonese)[120]

MF Stefano Morrone (at Pisa)[121]

MF Domenico Mungo (atPistoiese)[122]

MFGianni Munari (at Watford)[123]

MF Cristian Pedrinelli (atRenate)[124]

MF Gabriele Puccio (at VigorLamezia)[97]

MF Stefano Rossini (at VigorLamezia)[97]

MF Mattia Sandrini (at RealVicenza)[125]

MF Andrea Scicchitano (atSantarcangelo)[126]

MF Mattia Sprocati (atCrotone)[127]

MFDániel Tőzsér (at Watford)[128]

MF Gianluca Turchetta (atMatera)[129]

FW Jorman Aguilar (at Olhanense)

FW Juan Antonio (atFeralpiSalò)[130]

FW Daniele Bernasconi (atL'Aquila)[96]

FW Camillo Ciano (at Crotone)[131]

FWMauro Cioffi (at Vllaznia)[132]

FW Riccardo Cocuzza (atRenate)[133]

FW Denilson Gabionetta (atSalernitana)[134]

FW Gianluca Lapadula (atTeramo)[107]

FWGonzalo Mastriani (at Olhanense)[135]

FW Gianvito Misuraca (at Pisa)[136]

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FW Vito Falconieri (atSantarcangelo)

FW Alessandro Luparini (at Melfi)

FW Giuseppe Caccavallo (atCasertana)

At Gubbio

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non­FIFAnationality.

No. Position PlayerDF Alberto GaluppoDF Pietro Manganelli [137]

MF Daniele Casiraghi [137]

No. Position PlayerMF Tommaso Domini [137]

MF Massimo Loviso [138]

FW Michele Bentoglio [137]

At Paganese

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non­FIFAnationality.

No. Position PlayerDF Tommaso Cancelloni [139]

DF Angelo Tartaglia [140]

MF Pietro Baccolo

No. Position PlayerMF Francesco Deli [141]

FW Cristiano Bussi [142]

At Gorica

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non­FIFAnationality.

No. Position PlayerDF Matija ŠirokDF Alen JoganDF Lorenzo Pasqualini [143]

No. Position PlayerDF Ronaldo VaninMF Amedej Vetrih

Passive co­ownership

Only sold from Parma were listed

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non­FIFAnationality.

No. Position PlayerGK Francesco Anacoura (with

Juventus)

No. Position PlayerMF Simone Palermo (with

Cremonese)

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GK Diego Manzoni (with Genoa)GK Caio Secco (with Crotone)DF Federico Davighi (with Novara)DF Dembel Sall (with Bari)

MF Tomislav Šarić (with Crotone)

FW Andrea Brighenti (withCremonese)

FW Grégoire Defrel (with Cesena)

FW Miloš Malivojević (withVicenza)

Co­ownership deals expire 30 June 2015.

Other players under contract

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non­FIFAnationality.

No. Position PlayerGK Robert StilloDF Mauro CerquetaniDF Simone CiciottiDF Carlos GarcíaDF Thomas FabbriMF Godfred AdofoMF Matteo BellucciMF Giovanni CatalanoMF Matteo CiuffettiMF Gianmaria CucurniaMF Luigi Del Giudice

No. Position PlayerMF Gabriele PaonessaMF VicenteFW Brice BonelliFW Tomas DanilevičiusFW Giuseppe De VincentisFW Nicolò LolliFW Simone SmacchiaFW Bongoura ThiamFW Leandro CampagnaFW Daniele Gragnoli

Retired numbers

12 – Since the 2002–03 season, Curva Nord of the Stadio Ennio Tardini, as a sign of recognitiontowards the fans who sit in the Curva Nord, considered the 12th man in the pitch.

Academy

For information on Parma's youth teams, see Parma F.C. Academy.

Former players

For details of former players, see List of Parma F.C. players and Category:Parma F.C. players.

Club captains

For a list of club captains, see List of Parma F.C. players#Club captains.

Player records

For player records, including player awards, see Parma F.C. statistics and records.

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Club officials

Board room[144]

President: Giampietro Manenti[4]

Managing director: Pietro Leonardi[4]

Technical director: Antonello Preiti[4]

Club secretary: Alessio Paini[4]

Team manager: Alessandro Melli[4]

Coaching staff

Head coach: Roberto Donadoni[4]

Assistant coach: Luca Gotti[4]

Fitness coaches: Giovanni Andreini, Niccolò Prandelli[4]

Goalkeeping coach: Luca Bucci[4]

Technical coach: Mario Bortolazzi[4]

Youth team head coach: Fausto Pizzi[145]

Presidential history

Parma has had numerous presidents over the course of its history; here is a complete list of them:[146]

Name YearsVioli, Porcelli andSpaggiari

1913–14

Carlo Melli and AlbertoPoletti

1914–15

Ing. Tedeschi 1919–20

Conte L. Lusignani 1920–21

Ennio Tardini 1921–23

Gabbi 1923–24

Giuseppe Muggia andAmoretti

1924–25

Aldo Ortali 1925–26

Giovanni Canali 1926–28

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Emilio Grossi 1928–29

Giuseppe Amoretti 1929–30

Cesare Minelli 1930–35

Emilio Grossi 1935–36

Filippo Bonati 1936–37

Nino Medioli 1937–38

Medardo Ghini 1938–40

Giuseppe Scotti 1940–43

Giorgio Zanichelli 1945–46

Raimondo Bortesi 1946–47

Amerigo Ghirardi 1947–48

Bruno Avanzini 1948–51

Bonifazio Lupi di Soragna 1951–53

Name YearsUmberto Agnetti, Del Frate, Campaniniand Viani 1953–54

Fabrizio Cartolari 1954–58Giuseppe Agnetti 1958–65Walter Molinari 1965–66Gino Camorali 1966–67Vittorio Blarzino 1967–68Zanichelli and Pizzighoni 1968–69Ermes Foglia 1969–73Arnaldo Musini 1973–76Ernesto Ceresini 1976–90Fulvio Ceresini 1990Giorgio Pedraneschi 1990–96Stefano Tanzi 1996–04Enrico Bondi 2004Guido Angiolini 2004–06Enrico Bondi 2006–07

Tommaso Ghirardi 2007–2014Pietro Doca 2014[147]

Fabio Giordano 2014[147]

Ermir Kodra 2014–2015[42]

Giampietro Manenti 2015–present[3]

Managerial history

Below is a list of Parma managers since the end of the First World War until the present day.[146]

Name Nationality YearsVioli,Porcelli,Spaggiari

1919–20

PercyHumphrey

1920–21

AdolfRiebe

1921–23

Guido Ara1923–24

Name Nationality YearsCarloRigotti

1949–50

GiovanniMazzoni,Boni,Mattioli

1950–51

PaoloTabanelli

1951–53

Carlo

Name Nationality YearsBrunoMora 1983

MarinoPerani

1983–85

SilvanoFlaborea 1985

PietroCarmignani 1985

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Gabbi,Forlivesi

1924–25

CarloAchatzi

1925–26

Ghini,Stuardt

1926–27

EmilioGrossi

1927–28

RaoulVioli

1928–29

EmilioGrossi

1929–30

ArmandHalmos

1930–31

EmilioGrossi

1931–32

Crotti 1932–33

TitoMistrali

1933–36

AlfredoMattioli

1936–37

ElvioBanchero

1937–38

Pál Szalaj 1938–39

JózsefWereb

1939–40

SamTrevors

1940–42

ItaloDefendi

1942–43

GiuseppeCarloFerrari

1945–46

RenatoCattaneo,Lombatti,Frione,Mistrali

1946–47

BrunoDentelli,GiovanniMazzoni,Dietrich,Tagliani

1947–48

AlbertoQuario

1953–54

IvoFiorentini

1954–56

Oliveri,Giuberti

1956–57

ČestmírVycpálek

1956–58

GuidoMazetti

1958–60

MarioGenta

1960–62

Canforini 1962–63

Diotallevi,ArnaldoSentimenti

1963–64

Oliveri,Giuberti

1956–57

BrunoArcari

1964–65

IvanoCorghi

1965–66

DanteBoni

1965–67

GiancarloVitali

1967–68

DanteBoni

1968–69

GiancarloVitali

1969–70

StefanoAngeleri

1970–72

AntonioSoncini 1972

GiorgioSereni

1973–74

RenatoGei

1974–75

GiovanniMeregalli

1975–76

Tito Corsi 1976–77

BrunoMora 1977

ArrigoSacchi

1985–87

ZdeněkZeman 1987

GiampieroVitali

1987–89

NevioScala

1989–96

CarloAncelotti

1996–98

AlbertoMalesani

1998–01

ArrigoSacchi 2001

RenzoUlivieri 2001

DanielPassarella 2001

PietroCarmignani

2001–02

CesarePrandelli

2002–04

SilvioBaldini

2004–05

PietroCarmignani 2005

MarioBeretta

2005–06

StefanoPioli

2006–07

ClaudioRanieri 2007

DomenicoDi Carlo

2007–08

HéctorCúper 2008

AndreaManzo 2008

LuigiCagni 2008

FrancescoGuidolin

2008–10

PasqualeMarino

2010–11

Franco 2011–

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RenatoCattaneo,Giuberti,Mistrali,GiuseppeCarloFerrari,Lombatti,CarloRigotti

1948–49

GianniCorelli,GiorgioVisconti

1977–78

GrazianoLandoni 1978

CesareMaldini

1978–80

DomenicoRosati

1980–81

GiorgioSereni 1981

GiancarloDanova

1981–83

Colomba 12

RobertoDonadoni 2012–

Honours

Parma has won eight major titles in their history (as well as one Serie B title), all coming in a period often years between 1992 and 2002.[148] These honours make it the eleventh most successful team inItalian football history in terms of the number of major trophies won, the fourth most successful team inEuropean competition, after Milan, Juventus and Inter, and one of thirteen Italian clubs to have wonmultiple major titles.

National

Coppa Italia:Winners (3): 1991–92, 1998–99, 2001–02Runners­up (2): 1994–95, 2000–01

Supercoppa Italiana:Winners (1): 1999Runners­up (3): 1992, 1995, 2002

Serie A:Runners­up (1): 1996–97

Serie B:Runners­up (1): 2008–09

European

UEFA Cup:Winners (2): 1994–95, 1998–99

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Hernán Crespo (pictured in2011) represented the club intwo spells, winning threetrophies and becoming theclub's all­time recordgoalscorer.

European Super Cup:Winners (1): 1993

European Cup Winners' Cup:Winners (1): 1992–93Runners­up (1): 1993–94

Minor

Prima Divisione:

Runners­up (1): 1928–29[nb 5]

Seconda Divisione:

Winners (1): 1924–25[nb 6]

Promozione:

Runners­up (1): 1919–20[nb 7]

Serie C:

Winners (4): 1953–54, 1972–73,[nb 8] 1983–84,[nb 9] 1985–

86[nb 9]

Runners­up (2): 1942–43,[nb 10] 1978–79[nb 9]

Serie D:

Winners (1): 1969–70[nb 11]

Coppa delle Alpi:

Winners (1): 1960–61[nb 12]

Notes

1. ^ Derby dell'Enza translates to Enza Derby. The River Enza is an affluence of Italy's longest river, the Po,and forms the boundary of the provinces of Parma and Reggio Emilia. Derby del Grana translates to GranaDerby. Grana is a type of hard, mature cheese, of which Parmigiano­Reggiano, or Parmesan cheese, is anexample. The cheese is named after the producing areas near Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena and Bologna, allin Emilia­Romagna), and Mantova (in Lombardia), Italy. Under Italian law, only cheese produced in theseprovinces may be labelled "Parmigiano­Reggiano" and European law classifies the name as a protecteddesignation of origin. Parmigiano is the Italian adjective for Parma. Reggiano is the Italian adjective forReggio Emilia, Reggiana's home city.

2. ^ Derby d'Emilia would be translated to Emilia Derby. Emilia is a region that approximately corresponds tothe western and north­eastern portions of today’s Emilia­Romagna. The region takes its name from the ViaAemilia, a Roman road in 187 BCE.

3. ^ Derby dei Ducati means Derby of the Duchies, the duchies in question being those of Modena and Reggio

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Footnotes

3. ^ Derby dei Ducati means Derby of the Duchies, the duchies in question being those of Modena and Reggioand Parma. These territories were competing and neighbouring duchies during the Renaissance.

4. ^ Derby del Ducato is the Italian equivalent of Derby of the Duchy. The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545and became the unified Duchies of Parma and Piacenza in 1556.

5. ^ At the time, this was one of 3 parallel regional second tier divisions.6. ^ At the time, this was one of 2 parallel regional second tier divisions.7. ^ At the time, this was one of 13 parallel regional second tier divisions.8. ^ At the time, this was one of 3 parallel regional third tier divisions.

9. ^ a b c At the time, this was one of 2 parallel regional third tier divisions.10. ^ At the time, this was one of 12 parallel regional third tier divisions.11. ^ At the time, this was one of 9 parallel regional fourth tier divisions.12. ^ Parma competed as a representative of Italy.

1. ^ a b c d "Informacje" [Information] (http://www.fcparma.com.pl/informacje.php). FCParma.com.pl (inPolish). Retrieved 6 January 2012.

2. ^ a b c "Stadium" (http://fcparma.com/descrizione­stadio?lang=en). FCParma.com. Parma F.C. Retrieved22 December 2013.

3. ^ a b "Comunicato Stampa" [Press release] (http://fcparma.com/news/comunicato­stampa­14?lang=it) (inItalian). 9 February 2015.

4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Organisation" (http://fcparma.com/dirigenti?lang=en). FCParma.com. Parma F.C.Retrieved 22 December 2013.

5. ^ Mynk, K.C. (17 April 2009). "How the Mighty Have Fallen: The Decline of 10 Untouchable FootballClubs" (http://bleacherreport.com/articles/157851­how­the­mighty­have­fallen­the­fall­of­ten­untouchable­football­clubs#page/4). BleacherReport.com. Bleacher Report. Retrieved 1 August 2010.

6. ^ Dunford (2011), p. 7937. ^ Campanale, Susy (3 July 2011). "Parma play Juve role" (http://football­italia.org/node/7023). Football­Italia.net. Football Italia. Retrieved 24 July 2011.

8. ^ "Return of the Don" (http://football­italia.net/node/14591). Football­Italia.net (Football Italia). 13 January2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.

9. ^ "ECA Members" (http://www.ECAEurope.com/Default.aspx?id=1082680&MembershipView=List&MembershipType=1081824). ecaeurope.com. European ClubAssociation. Retrieved 1 August 2010.

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11. ^ a b "Codice etico" [Ethical code] (http://fcparma.com/wp­content/uploads/2014/04/Codice­Etico_ParmaCalcio.pdf?lang=it) (in Italian). Retrieved 24 December 2014.

12. ^ a b c Sappino (2000), p. 986

13. ^ a b c d "Parma Club History" (http://www.football­italia.net/clubs/Parma/history). Football­Italia.net.Football Italia. Retrieved 12 January 2012.

14. ^ a b "Parma" (http://www.goal.com/it/teams/italy/4/parma/info). Goal.com. Goal.com. Retrieved 5 January2011.

^ a b c "Da Giuseppe Verdi a Wembley..." [From Giuseppe Verdi to Wembley]

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15. ^ a b c "Da Giuseppe Verdi a Wembley..." [From Giuseppe Verdi to Wembley](http://www.gazzettadiparma.it/primapagina/dettaglio/6/25265/Da_Giuseppe_Verdi_a_Wembley.html).Gazzetta di Parma (in Italian). Parma: Editrice Gazzetta di Parma.

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19. ^ Morrow (2003), p. 20220. ^ Wilson, Steve. "Top 10...Euro underdogs" (http://www.football­italia.net/topten/eurounderdogs.html).

Football­Italia.net. Football Italia. Retrieved 12 December 2010.21. ^ "Crespo "speechless" after making Parma return" (http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?

id=733646&sec=europe&cc=5739). Soccernet.ESPN.Go.com (ESPN (UK)). 30 January 2010. Retrieved15 December 2010.

22. ^ Marcotti, Gabriele (24 May 2005). "Tactical switch" (http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,762­1624346,00.html). The Times (London: Times Newspapers). Retrieved 20 July 2010.

23. ^ a b Bandini, Paolo (23 November 2009). "Seventh sister back on the scene as Parma perk up sibling rivalry"(http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/blog/2009/nov/23/parma­seventh­sister­serie­a). The Guardian (London:Guardian News and Media). Retrieved 9 December 2010.

24. ^ a b "Parma Is Latest In Italy’s ‘Seven Sisters’ Of Soccer To Crumble"(http://www.financialexpress.com/news/parma­is­latest­in­italys­seven­sisters­of­soccer­to­crumble/40612/).The Financial Express. 10 January 2004. Retrieved 9 December 2010.

25. ^ "Parmalat: Timeline to turmoil" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3369079.stm). BBC News (BritishBroadcasting Corporation). 28 September 2005. Retrieved 23 November 2010.

26. ^ a b Wilson, Bill (6 January 2004). "Parmalat scandal threatens football club"(http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3373165.stm). BBC News (British Broadcasting Corporation). Retrieved23 November 2010.

27. ^ Richardson, Ben (31 December 2003). "Tanzi's path from boardroom to jail"(http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3358771.stm). BBC News (British Broadcasting Corporation). Retrieved23 November 2010.

28. ^ a b "Ufficiale: Il Parma è di Ghirardi" [Official: Parma is Ghirardi's](http://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/Squadre/Parma/Primo_Piano/2007/01_Gennaio/24/ufficiale.shtml). La Gazzettadello Sport (in Italian) (Milan: RCS MediaGroup). Retrieved 29 July 2010.

29. ^ "Ranieri appointed coach of Parma" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/6356587.stm). BBCSport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 13 February 2007. Retrieved 1 August 2010.

30. ^ Stanco, Sergio. "La salvezza abita a Parma" [Salvation lives in Parma](http://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/SerieA/Squadre/Parma/Primo_Piano/2007/05_Maggio/27/CRONACA.shtml).La Gazzetta dello Sport (in Italian) (Milan: RCS MediaGroup). Retrieved 29 July 2010.

31. ^ Horncastle, James (13 March 2008). "Cross to Bear" (http://football­italia.net/blogs/jh10.html). Football­Italia.net. Football Italia. Retrieved 9 December 2010.

32. ^ Carminati, Nadia (24 May 2010). "Udinese appoint Guidolin"(http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11876_6170763,00.html). SkySports.com (Sky Sports). Retrieved1 August 2010.

33. ^ Carminati, Nadia (2 June 2010). "Parma appoint Marino"

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34. ^ Carminati, Nadia (3 April 2011). "Parma wield axe on Marino"(http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11854_6851166,00.html). SkySports.com (Sky Sports). Retrieved4 April 2011.

35. ^ "Salvezza raggiunta: ci sarà il Parma nella Serie A 2011/12" [Safety achieved: Parma will be in the 2011/12Serie A] (http://www.sportsbook24.net/?action=read&idnotizia=26466). Sportsbook24.net (in Italian)(Sportsbook24). Retrieved 13 May 2011.

36. ^ "Fatale il 5­0 con l'Inter, esonerato Colomba" [5­0 with Inter fatal: Colomba fired](http://www.corriere.it/sport/12_gennaio_09/esonero­colomba­parma_870d6530­3b0d­11e1­8a43­34573d1838c1.shtml). Corriere della Sera (in Italian) (Milan: RCS MediaGroup). 9 January 2012. Retrieved11 January 2012.

37. ^ Salsano, Francesco (13 May 2012). "Parma, settima da record" [Parma, record seventh](http://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/Squadre/Parma/13­05­2012/parma­recorddi­vaio­saluta­a­911215771126.shtml). La Gazzetta dello Sport (in Italian) (RCS MediaGroup).

38. ^ "Parma lose appeal for UEFA license [sic]" (http://www.espnfc.com/news/story/_/id/1836553/parma­europa­league­place­handed­torino?cc=5739). 29 May 2014.

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40. ^ Bandini, Paolo (26 January 2015). "Parma's shrinking violets facing a sour future in Serie A"(http://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2015/jan/26/parmas­shrinking­violets­facing­a­sour­future­in­serie­a). The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media.

41. ^ a b "PARMA FC ALLA DASTRASO HOLDINGS LIMITED. IL PRESIDENTE FABIO GIORDANO:PAGAMENTI E NON RETROCEDERE LE PRIORITÀ" (http://fcparma.com/news/parma­fc­alla­dastraso­holdings­limited­il­presidente­fabio­giordano­pagare­le­scadenze­e­non­retrocedere­le­nostre­priorita?lang=it)(in Italian). Parma FC. 20 December 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2014.

42. ^ a b "Parma appoint Ermir Kodra, 29, as club's new president"(http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/30961455). BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 23 January2015.

43. ^ " 'Parma work starts tomorrow' " (http://www.football­italia.net/62458/parma­work­starts­tomorrow).Football­Italia.net (Football Italia). 9 February 2015.

44. ^ "‘We sold Parma for €1’" (http://www.football­italia.net/62453/%E2%80%98we­sold­parma­%E2%82%AC1%E2%80%99). Football­Italia.net (Football Italia). 9 February 2015.

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47. ^ "Le Maglie del Parma" [The Kits of Parma] (http://www.storiadelparmacalcio.com/collezione­parma/collezione­maglie­parma.htm). storiadelparmacalcio.com.

48. ^ "ECCO IL NUOVO LOGO DEL PARMA F.C. TRA TRADIZIONE, STORIA, MODERNITÀ EIDENTITÀ TERRITORIALE" (http://fcparma.com/news/ecco­il­nuovo­logo­del­parma­f­c­tra­tradizione­storia­modernita­e­identita­territoriale). fcparma.com (in Italian) (Parma F.C.). 21 June 2014. Retrieved12 July 2014.

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51. ^ "Ecco le caratteristiche del progetto di ristrutturazione" [Here are the features of the renovation plans](http://www.settorecrociatoparma.it/Notizie0910..htm/notizie_0910_403.htm). SettoreCrociatoParma.it. 16February 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2010.

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130. ^ "FeralpiSalò S.r.l. su Twitter: Ufficiale: Juan Ignacio Antonio è un giocatore dei #leonidelgarda!"(https://twitter.com/feralpisalo/status/506549319458365440). Twitter (in Italian). 1 September 2014.

131. ^ "Dal Parma arriva Ciano e dal Napoli Maiello" (http://www.fccrotone.it/component/news/4061/dal­parma­arriva­ciano­e­dal­napoli­maiello.html). F.C. Crotone (in Italian). 1 September 2014.

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Wikimedia Commons hasmedia related to ParmaFootball Club.

Melegari, Fabrizio, ed. (2007). Calciatori del Parma (I Crociati nelle figurine Panini) [ParmaPlayers (The Crusaders in Panini Trading Cards)] (in Italian). Modena: Panini Group.Morrow, Stephen (30 September 2003). The people's game?: football, finance, and society(http://books.google.it/books?id=ae3CVjGoRiYC&). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978­0­333­94612­1. Retrieved 23 February 2012.Sappino, Marco (2000). Dizionario del calcio italiano [Dictionary of Italian football](http://books.google.it/books?id=J5OpwwKggrsC&pg) (in Italian) 2. Baldini & Castoldi.ISBN 978­88­8089­862­7. Retrieved 23 February 2012.

External links

Official website (http://fcparma.com/home/?lang=en)(English) (Italian)Parma (http://www.legaseriea.it/en/serie­a­tim/squadre/campionato/­/squadre/Parma/campionato/1722) at Serie A (English) (Italian)Parma (http://www.football­italia.net/clubs/Parma/) at Football ItaliaParma (http://soccernet.espn.go.com/team/_/id/115/parma?cc=5739) at ESPN Soccernet

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