Parliament Limits Parliament Limits the English the English MonarchyMonarchy

James I (King James Stuart of James I (King James Stuart of Scotland)Scotland)

Elizabeth I left him a TON of debtElizabeth I left him a TON of debt

Struggles w/Parliament over $$$Struggles w/Parliament over $$$

Conflict w/Puritans who wanted Conflict w/Puritans who wanted reformsreforms

Charles I Fights Charles I Fights ParliamentParliament Son of James ISon of James I

1628 – called Parliament in 1628 – called Parliament in order to get $ - had to sign order to get $ - had to sign Petition of RightPetition of Right

Petition of Right Petition of Right Not imprison subjects w/out Not imprison subjects w/out causecauseNot levy taxes w/out Par.’s Not levy taxes w/out Par.’s consentconsentNot house soldiers in private Not house soldiers in private homeshomesNot impose martial law in Not impose martial law in peacetimepeacetime

Charles I Fights Charles I Fights ParliamentParliament

Charles ignored the petition Charles ignored the petition

He dissolved ParliamentHe dissolved Parliament

Imposed fees & fines on English people to get Imposed fees & fines on English people to get $$

Conflict Between KingdomsConflict Between KingdomsEngland is Anglican , Charles tried to force his England is Anglican , Charles tried to force his kingdom (included Scotland) to accept kingdom (included Scotland) to accept Anglican ChurchAnglican ChurchScots rebelled Scots rebelled Charles forced to call Parliament into session Charles forced to call Parliament into session for help!for help!

This caused…..This caused….. English Civil WarEnglish Civil War

English Civil WarEnglish Civil War

Royalists or CavaliersRoyalists or CavaliersThe Puritans who opposed The Puritans who opposed Charles were known as…Charles were known as…

RoundheadsRoundheads

Oliver Cromwell – Oliver Cromwell – Puritan general Puritan general

who helped defeat the kingwho helped defeat the king

Oliver Cromwell’s Oliver Cromwell’s EnglandEngland

Charles on trial – found guilty of treason – Charles on trial – found guilty of treason – sentenced to deathsentenced to death

Oliver Cromwell’s GovernmentOliver Cromwell’s GovernmentEstablished a commonwealth = Established a commonwealth = republican form of republican form of gov’tgov’tDrafted first written constitution Drafted first written constitution Later he ripped up constitution Later he ripped up constitution

and became military dictator)and became military dictator)

The PuritansThe PuritansAbolished sinful activities (theater, Abolished sinful activities (theater, sports, sports, dancing)dancing)

Religious toleration for all Christians Religious toleration for all Christians EXCEPT EXCEPT CatholicsCatholics

Charles IICharles IIThe British were tired of military rule, so The British were tired of military rule, so

Charles II came in and brought back the Charles II came in and brought back the king!king!This is called the Restoration This is called the Restoration

He established He established habeas corpushabeas corpus ( (Latin = “to Latin = “to have the body”)have the body”)

PRISONER’S RIGHTS!PRISONER’S RIGHTS!Right to obtain writ ordering that he be Right to obtain writ ordering that he be

brought brought before judge to specify before judge to specify chargeschargesMonarch can’t just throw anyone in jailMonarch can’t just throw anyone in jailPrisoners could not be held indefinitely Prisoners could not be held indefinitely w/out w/out

trialtrial

Seems great, but he eventually dies and Seems great, but he eventually dies and James IIJames II

comes alongcomes along

James IIJames IIWhigs?Whigs?

Those who opposed James II (non-Those who opposed James II (non-Catholic)Catholic)

Tories?Tories?

Those who supported James II Those who supported James II (Catholic)(Catholic)

His daughter Mary was Protestant – His daughter Mary was Protestant – married to William of Orange (prince in married to William of Orange (prince in Netherlands)Netherlands)

"Wit and fool are consequents of Whig and Tory; and every man is a knave or an ass to the

contrary side"(Dryden).

"I have always said the first Whig was the Devil"(Samuel Johnson).

Glorious Revolution of Glorious Revolution of 16881688

Parliament asked Mary & Will to Parliament asked Mary & Will to overthrow James II – James fled Englandoverthrow James II – James fled England

Bloodless overthrowBloodless overthrow

NEW RULERS:NEW RULERS: William of Orange & MaryWilliam of Orange & Mary

Activity

William and Mary of Orange are the new leaders– What rights should the people have

in England?– In your groups, chat and come up

with 5 rights that should be guaranteed to

all 3 limits on the King

A New Type of MonarchyA New Type of MonarchyConstitutional monarchy.Constitutional monarchy.

Laws limit the ruler’s powerLaws limit the ruler’s powerBill of Rights of 1689 Bill of Rights of 1689 state a ruler couldstate a ruler could

NO suspending of NO suspending of Parliament’s lawsParliament’s lawsNO levying of taxes w/out NO levying of taxes w/out grant from grant from ParliamentParliamentNO interfering w/freedom of NO interfering w/freedom of speech in speech in ParliamentParliamentNO penalty for citizen who NO penalty for citizen who petitions petitions the kingthe king

Cabinet?Cabinet?

Group of gov’t ministers, or officialsGroup of gov’t ministers, or officials

Acted in ruler’s name but Acted in ruler’s name but represented the major party represented the major party of Parliamentof Parliament

Leader of Parliament?Leader of Parliament?

Prime MinisterPrime Minister

Exit Ticket:Exit Ticket:

What mistakes to leaders make that What mistakes to leaders make that cause them to be overthrown?cause them to be overthrown?

Sir Robert Walpole