Parental behavior varies along at least two dimensions –Responsiveness/Acceptance –Control...
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Transcript of Parental behavior varies along at least two dimensions –Responsiveness/Acceptance –Control...
• Parental behavior varies along at least two dimensions
– Responsiveness/Acceptance
– Control (“Demandingness”)
Authoritarian
• Low acceptance/responsiveness
• High control
• Power-assertive discipline
• Ex: “Do it because I say so”• More likely to use physical punishment
Authoritative
• High acceptance/responsiveness
• Moderate control– Set clear standards and consistently enforce
rules– Responsive to children’s needs and point of
view
Authoritarian
Childhood:
• Anxious
• Unhappy
• Dependent/Easily Frustrated (esp. girls)
• Hostile/Aggressive (esp. boys)
Authoritarian
Adolescence:
• Poorer social skills and lower academic achievement than children of authoritative parents
• Better school performance and less problem behavior (e.g., drug use, truancy) than children of permissive or neglecting parents
Authoritative
Adolescence:
– Good social skills
– High academic achievement
– Low in problem behaviors (e.g., drug use, truancy)
Permissive
Adolescence:
– Low academic achievement
– More problem behaviors (e.g., truancy; drug use)
Neglecting/Disengaged
• Childhood:
– Low self-control
– Low self-esteem
– Disturbed attachment relationships (disorganized)
Neglecting/Disengaged
• Adolescence:
– Low academic achievement
– Poor social skills
– Many problem behaviors• Truancy, drug use, delinquency, sexual
promiscuity, depression
Rudy & Grusec (2006)
• Examined correlates (parental emotion and cognition) of authoritarian parenting in individualist and collectivist cultural groups
• Examined relations between children’s self-esteem and – Authoritarian parenting– Parental emotion and cognition
Hypotheses (Within-Groups):
• Authoritarianism and negative maternal emotion and cognition would be related only in the individualist group
• Authoritarianism would be more strongly negatively associated with children’s self-esteem in the individualist group
• Maternal emotion and cognition would be related to children’s self-esteem in individualist and collectivist groups
Method
• Mothers and their 7- to 12-year-old children living in Toronto (33 dyads in the collectivist group, 32 in the individualist group)
– Mothers completed questionnaire measures assessing
• Parental warmth toward the child• General negative affect toward the child• Positive view of the child• Negative cognitions: discipline situation• Anger: discipline situation• Authoritarianism• Collectivism
– Children completed a measure of self-esteem
Results
• H4: Within the individualist group only, authoritarianism was associated with maternal emotion and cognition (Table 2, p. 74)
• H5: Maternal authoritarianism was not associated with children’s self-esteem in either group