Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: Outcomes of a Family-Based ...
Transcript of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: Outcomes of a Family-Based ...
PARENT-CHILD INTERACTION THERAPY: A FAMILY BASED INTERVENTION FOR CHILDREN WITH HEARING LOSS
Elizabeth Adams, Ph.D.; Lori Day, Ph.D.; Nancy Mellon, M.S.; Meredith Ouellette, M.S.
The River School - Washington, DC
Parent Involvement in Intervention
¨ There is increasing evidence that interventions that facilitate parent engagement often result in improved development and outcomes
¨ Why is parent participation critical? ¤ Parents serve as primary language models ¤ Parents create learning environments ¤ Parent interaction is directly related to language development
Houston & Bradham, 2011
Parents and Language Development
¨ Maternal sensitivity predicted significant increases in language growth for children with cochlear implants ¤ Linguistic stimulation for the child is only related to language growth in
the context of maternal sensitivity
¤ Effects for maternal sensitivity and cognitive stimulation were similar to effects for age of implantation
¨ Quality of parent language is related to overall cognitive development
¨ Parental emotional availability and maternal responsiveness correlates with language learning and developmental play
Pressman et al., 1999; Spencer & Meadow-Orlans, 1996; Quittner et al., 2013
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy
¨ Parent Coaching Interventions should be executed systematically
¨ Effective Treatment – highest level of support for efficacy
¨ Parent-Child Interaction Therapy n Originally developed for children with disruptive behavior
disorders and their families n Modified for use with a range of populations
n Children between the ages of 2 and 7
Eyberg, Nelson, & Boggs, 2008
Copyright 2006 Sheila Eyberg
Child-Directed Interaction
Parent-Directed Interaction
attention
Parent follow the child’s lead - Play therapy skills - Positive attention skills - Differential attention
- Language development Foundation/Attachment phase
Parent leads the child - Clear communication - Consistency - Reasoning skills
Discipline phase
Eyberg, Nelson, & Boggs, 2008; PCIT International
Coaching
PCIT – Modified for Language Intervention
¨ Modified PCIT – Parent Coaching for language intervention ¨ Parents are taught specific skills to utilize Indirect Language Stimulation:
¤ Facilitative language techniques n Labeled Praise n Reflections
n Expansion n Extension/Expatiation n Buildups and Breakdowns n Recast Sentences
n Imitation n Description (Parallel-talk)
n Information Description (Self-talk) n Enjoyment n Practice PRIDE
Eyberg, Nelson, & Boggs, 2008; PCIT International
Child Directed Interaction
Praise Reflect Imitate Describe Enthusiasm/Enjoy
Give Commands Ask Questions Criticize
DO! DON’T
Eyberg, Nelson, & Boggs, 2008; PCIT International
Parent Skill Changes in River Pilot Study
¨ Participants: 8 River School Families
¨ Parent verbalizations coded at baseline and during treatment (DPICS).
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DO Skills Series1
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Results from paired-samples t-tests, with a Bonferroni correction, revealed that there was a statistically significant increase in positive parenting skills (t(6)=7.713, p< .000), and a significant decrease in negative parenting skills (t(6)=4.889, p=.003).
Parent Changes by Skill
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Change in Child Behavior
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ECBI Pre-Post Data
Participant 1
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Results from paired-samples t-tests, with a Bonferroni correction, revealed that there was a statistically significant improvement in child behavior (t(6) = 5.310, p = .002).
Thank you!
¨ Thank you for your attention! ¨ Special thanks to:
¤ The River School ¤ PCIT International
n www.pcit.org
¨ For more information and training opportunities: ¤ Elizabeth Adams-Costa, Ph.D. – [email protected]
References Cohen, N.J. (2001). Language impairment and psychopathology in infants, children, and adolescents. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Dunn, L.W., & Dunn, L.M. (1981). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test- Revised (Forms L and M). Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
Eyberg, S.M. (1999) PCIT Manual. Available on-line at www.PCIT.org [see PCIT Information and Material].
Eyberg, S.M., & Boggs, S.R. (1989). Parent training for oppositional-defiant preschoolers. In C. E. Schaefer & J. M. Briesmeister (Eds.), Handbook of parent-training: Parents as co-therapists for children’s behavior problems (pp 105-132). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Hart, B., & Risley, T.R. (1995). Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
Houston, K.T. & Bradham, T.S. (2011). Parent engagement in audiologic habilitation: Increasing positive outcomes for children with hearing loss. The ASHA Leader; July 05.
Hubbell, R. (1981). Children’s language disorders: An integrate approach. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Lacroix, V., Pomerleau, A., Malcuit, G., Seguin, R., & Lamarre, G. (2001). Cognitive and language development of children during the first three years of life with respect to maternal vocalizations and toys at home: Longitudinal study of a high-risk population. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 33, 65-76.
References Paul, R. (2001). Language disorders from infancy through adolescence and assessment and intervention. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, Inc.
Pressman, L., Pipp-Siegal, S., Yoshinaga-Itano, C., and Deas, A. (1999). The relation of sensitivity to child expressive language gain in deaf and hard-of-hearing children whose caregivers are hearing. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 4: 294-304.
Quittner, A.L., Cruz, I., Barker, D.H., Tobey, E., Eisenberg, L.S., & John K. Niparko, J.K. (2013). Effects of maternal sensitivity and cognitive and linguistic stimulation on cochlear implant users' language development over four years. The Journal of Pediatrics, 162(2), 343-348.
Spencer P.E., & Meadow-Orlans, K.P. (1996). Play, language and maternal responsiveness: a longitudinal study of deaf and hearing infants. Child Development, 67, 3176-3191.
Tempel, A.B., Wagner, S. M., & McNeil, C.B. (2008). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy and language facilitation: The role of parent-training on language development. Journal of Speech-Language Pathology & Applied Behavior Analysis, 3.2-3.3, 78-94.
Webster-Stratton, C., & Hammond, M. (1999). Marital conflict management skills, parenting style, and early-onset conduct problems: Processes and pathways. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40(6), 917-927.
Zaidman-Zait, A., & Most, T. (2005). Cochlear implants in children with hearing loss: Maternal expectations and impact on the family. Volta Review, 105, 129-150.