BASIC MECHANISM OF DISEASE IN PARASITOLOGYRONALD TAMBUNAN

GENERAL SCOPEPROTOZOANHELMINTHSENTOMOLOGY

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DEFINITIONHEALTH (WHO)STATE OF COMPLETE PHYSICAL, MENTAL, & SOCIAL WELL BEING & NOT MERELY THE ABSENCE OF DISEASE OR INFIRMITY

DYNAMIC CONDITION RESULTING FROM A BODYS CONSTANT ADJUSTMENT & ADAPTATION IN RESPONSE TO STRESSES & CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENT FOR MAINTAINING AN INNER EQUILIBRIUM CALLED HOMEOSTASIS PHYSIOLOGY*

DEFINITIONDISEASE: BROADLY DESCRIBED AS AN ABNORMALITY IN BODY FUNCTION THAT THREATENS A PERSONS WELL BEINGTHEREFORE, SPEAKING OF MECHANISM OF DISEASE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (STUDY OF UNDERLYING PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS ASSOCIATED W/ DISEASE)

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MECHANISM OF DISEASEGENETICPATHOGENICTUMOR & CANCERPHYSICAL & CHEMICAL AGENTMALNUTRITIONAUTOIMMUNITYINFLAMMATIONDEGENERATION*

RISK FACTORSGENETICAGELIFESTYLESTRESSENVIROMENTAL FACTORSMICROORGANISMSPREEXISTING CONDITIONS*

HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIPSPARASITE MAY LIVE IN OR ON THE TISSUES OF ITS HOSTIN A MAJORITY CASES, PARASITE HAS THE CAPACITY TO PRODUCE DAMAGEIF INFECTION EXISTS W/ A LITTLE OR NO DAMAGE TO THE HOST & WO/ SYMPTOMS CARRIERIF RESULTING IN DISEASE, THE PARASITE CALLED A PATHOGEN

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PATHOGENESISTHE DYNAMICS OF ANY DISEASE PROCESSLESION MAY BE LOCALIZED OR EXTENDS TO DISTANT PARTS OF THE HOSTS BODYDAMAGES PRODUCED BY:

TRAUMA OR PHYSICALLYTIC NECROSISSTIMULATION OF HOST-TISSUE REACTIONSTOXIC & ALLERGIC PHENOMENASECONDARY INFECTION(SPENCER, 1973; BINFORD & CONNOR, 1976)*

PATHOGENESISINAPPARENT INFECTION

BACTERIARICKETTSIAEVIRUSESMALARIAHELMINTHSCOULD BE NO SYMPTOMS, NO DETECTABLE HARM*

TRAUMATIC DAMAGEINVADING THE SKIN (SARCOPTES SCABEI, HOOKWORM, MOSQUITO)DURING INTERNALLY MIGRATION (WORMS LARVAE THROUGH THE LUNGS, LIVER, CEREBRAL, RETINAL, OR RENAL EGGS OF SCHISTOSOMA, HOOKWORMS, ASCARIS OR TAENIA SAGINATA)

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LYTIC NECROSISTISSUE DIGESTION & NECROSIS IN ORDER TO TRANSFORM THE NUTRIMENT INTO PROTOPLASM OR STORE IT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY (ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA, PLASMODIA, LEISHMANIAE, TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, TOXOPLASMA GONDII)

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STIMULATION OF HOST TISSUE REACTIONCELLULAR PROLIFERATION & INFILTRATION AT THE SITE OF THE PARASITESYSTEMIC INCREASE IN CERTAIN TYPES OF CELLFIBROUS ENCAPSULATION

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STIMULATION OF HOST TISSUE REACTIONEOSINOPHILIAINCREASED ERYTHROPOIESISAMEBIC GRANULOMA (E. HISTOLYTICA)INCREMENT OF RETICULOENDOTHELIAL (RES) SYSTEM (LEISHMANIASIS (KALA-AZAR))

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STIMULATION OF HOST TISSUE REACTIONNEOPLASTIC GROWTH (LARVAE OF GONGYLONEMA FASCIOLARIS, TAENIA TAENIAFORMIS IN RATS; EGGS OF SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM IN HUMAN; LARVAE OF CYSTICERCUS FASCIOLARIS IN CAT)

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TOXIC & ALLERGIC PHENOMENAURTICARIADERMATITISANAPHYLACTIC SHOCKBASIC MECHANISM: ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTIONCAUSED BY: TOXIN OR VENOM (ARTHROPODS, JELLYFISH, etc.)

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IMMUNITYIMMUNITY IN PARASITOSES IS RARELY SOLID, EXCEPT IN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASISTRICHINOSIS, HOOKWORM, BLOOD-FLUKE, CORDYLOBIA ANTHROPOPHAGA INFESTATION: PREVIOUS LIGHT EXPOSURE IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS PREVENTS INFECTION OF CLINICAL GRADE

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IMMUNITYMALARIA

INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE HAD MALARIA ARE HIGHLY RESISTANT TO THE HOMOLOGOUS STRAINLESS SO TO HETEROLOGOUS STRAIN OF THE SAME SPECIESNO RESISTANCE TO OTHER SPECIES OF PLASMODIA THAT ARE INFECTIVE FOR HUMAN*

IMMUNITYIMMUNE MECHANISM OF THE HOST MAY OR MAY NOT BE PROTECTIVE TO A SIGNIFICANT DEGREE

IN ASCARIS INFECTION, IMMUNE MECHANISM IS HARMFUL TO THE HOST PRODUCING ALLERGICIMMUNE MECHANISM MAY BE HELPFUL TO THE PARASITE, AS IN THE PROLIFERATION OF LEISHMANIASIS WI/ PHAGOCYTIC CELLS*

IMMUNITYPHYSIOLOGICAL: IMMUNE SYSTEM IS TO DIFFERENTIATE INTRINSIC FROM FOREIGN MOLECULES & TO REACT W/ THE LATTER TO ELIMINATE THEMTHE SYSTEM CONSISTS OF 2 SPECIFIC ARMS (THE ANTIBODY & CELLULAR MEDIATION) & 2 NONSPECIFIC ARMS (COMPLEMENT & INFLAMMATORY CELLS)

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SECONDARY INVADERSOCCURRED AFTER A FIRST INFECTION

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APPENDIX: RES SYSTEMA NETWORK OF CELLS & TISSUES FOUND THROUGOUT THE BODY, ESPECIALLY IN THE BLOOD, CONNECTIVE TISSUE, SPLEEN, LIVER, LUNGS, BONE MARROW, & LYMPH NODESCONCERNED W/ BLOOD CELL FORMATION & DESTRUCTION, STORAGE OF FATTY MATERIAL, & METABOLISM OF IRON & PIGMENTHAS A ROLE IN INFLAMMATION & IMMUNITYSOME OF THE CELLS ARE MOTILE & PHAGOCYTIC

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RES SYSTEMSOME OF THE CELLS ARE MOTILE & PHAGOCYTIC

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