Parasitic Diseases - Collin Collegefaculty.collin.edu/mweis/Microbiology/Lecture/adobe...Entamoeba...
Transcript of Parasitic Diseases - Collin Collegefaculty.collin.edu/mweis/Microbiology/Lecture/adobe...Entamoeba...
Parasitic Diseases
Human Pathogenic Protozoans
“First Animal”Amoebas
Move by pseudopodsCyst trophozoite
FlagellatesMove by flagellaCyst trophozoite
CiliatesMove by cilia
SporozoansDo not have motility structures
Generalized Protozoa Life Cycle
CystProtective form of the organismPassed into the environment
ReproductionAsexually = binary fission; schizogenySexually = gametes
TrophozoiteMotilereplicate
Kingdom ProtistaPhylum : Protozoa
FlagellatesTrichomonasGiardiaTrypanosomaLeishmania
AmoebaeEntamoebaNaegleriaAcanthoamoeba
Phylum ApicomplexaCoccidia
Eimera, IsosporaToxoplasmaCryptosporidiumPlasmodium
PiroplasmasinaBabesia
Phylum CiliophoraBalantidium
New TaxonomyAlveolatesAmoebaeEuglenozoaArchaezoa
AlvelolatesCiliates
2 nucleiApicomplexans
PathogenicIntracellular organelles as apical complex
DinoflagellatesPlanktonSome produce neurotoxins
ArchaezoaLack several organelles
MitochondriaGolgi apparatusperoxisomes
ExamplesDiplomonadida
GiardiaMicrosporidia
Parabasala
EuglenozoaEuglenoids
Characteristics of plants and animalsPhototrophicChloroplastsFlagella + cytoplasm for movementLack cell walls
KinetoplastidsMitochondrial DNA is kinetoplast
AmoebaeLack mitochondriaPseudopodsBinary fission
AMOEBAEntamoeba histolyticaAcanthoamoeba castillanii
Free living, opportunisticCorneal ulceration
Naegleria fowleriFree living, opportunisticCNS fatal meningitis
Entamoeba histolyticaAmoebic dysenteryHumans are DHContaminated waterCystsTrophozoites in lining of SI, colonClinical syndrome
Mucosal necrosisLiver abscesses
DX: Id cystsTX: Metronidizole
Entamoeba histolytica
cyst
CiliatesBalantidium coli
Zoonotic (pigs_Similar to E. histolyticaTrophozoites
Invade intestinal mucosaSevere diarrhea
DX: Id organismTX: TetracyclinePrevention: Hygiene
Balantidium coli
trophozoiteTrophozoites in intestinal lining
FLAGELLATESGiardiaTrichomonasTrypanosoma species
AfricanAmerican
Leishmania speciesCutaneousVisceral
Giardia lamblia5 flagella for motilityCyst ingestionTrophozoite excyst
Motile due to acidAttach to mucosaAbsorbs nutrients
Clinical SignsDiarrhea, NauseaMalabsorption
DX: Id organismTX: MetronidizolePrevention: Sanitation
Giardia
Trophozoite in GI
trophozoite
cyst
Trichomonas vaginalisSTDFemale
Vaginitis: dischargeMale
Urethritis: burningTrophozoite onlyDX: Id organismTX: MetronidizolePrevention: Safe sex
Trichomonas
Trypanosoma bruceiAfrican Sleeping SicknessArthropod vector (Tsetse fly)Animal reservoir = ZoonoticTrypanosomes
Picked up in bloodDevelopment in fly
GutSalivary gland
Chancre at site of bite
Clinical SignsFever, malaiseCNS coma
Trypanosoma trophozoites
Trypanosoma cruziChagas DiseaseAnimal reservoir = ZoonoticVector = Triatomid bugTrypansome
Multiply in bug gutMetacyclic form in fecesOrgansim circulates in bloodAmastigotes in new cellsTrypomastigotes in blood
Clinical CourseNervous: Megaesophagus, mega colonCardiac: arrythmia, dilationGI: pseudocyst in lining
T. cruzi
Chagas Disease
T. cruzi in heart muscle
Leishmania speciesCutaneous
Localized open soreCan spread locally
VisceralSystemicMacrophage location
Animal reservoir = ZoonoticVector: Sand fliesPromastigotes inoculated
Ingested by macrophagesMultiply
AmastigotesReleased and redigestedPicked up by flyMultiply in gut
Leishmania
Amastigotes infectingmacrophages
Leishmaniasis
APICLOMPLEXACryptosporidiumPlasmodiumToxoplasmaCoccidiaBabesia
Cryptosporidium parvumAnimal reservoir = zoonoticFecal contaminated waterOocysts ingestedSporozoites
Invade intestinal cellsAsexual reproduction
Gametes (oocyst)Oocysts in feces
Clinical SyndromeDiarrhea
Self limiting in childrenSevere if immunocompromised
Dx: OocystsTX: Antiprotozoal
Oocysts
Intestinal infections
Plasmodium speciesMalariaVector: Anopheline Mosquitoes
Gametocytes zygoteOocyst in gutSporozoites in salivary glands
Humans = DHSporozoites in liverSchizonts developMerozoites in RBC gametocytes
Clinical CourseInvasion, Rupture, ReinvasionFever, ChillsAnemiaFree Hgb Renal Failure, death
DX: Symptoms, Id bloodTX: antimalarial drugs
Toxoplasma gondiiToxoplasmosisZoonoticFeline = DH; intestinal phaseOocysts
FecesRelease sporozoites replicateTachyzoites form
Encyst in brain, muscleDevelop bradyzoites
Clinical CourseAsymptomaticFetus: miscarriage, handicapAIDS: brain cysts, inflammation
Dx: Ab titer, biopsyTX: TMPS
Toxoplasmosis
tachyzoite
oocystBradyzoite cyst in brain
Don’t look at me…
I’m parasite free!
CoccidiosisNumber of speciesOocysts
IngestedSporozoites
LiberatedAsexual reproduction
Merozoites-> reinfectGametocytes produced
Gametes zygoteoocyst
Clinical DiseaseGI mucosal damageDiarrhea
DX: Oocysts in fecesTX: TMPS
Coccidia
Eimeria in tissue
Babesia bigeminaPiroplasm organismVector: hard TickHost: Mammal RBCsSplenectimized humansClinical Syndrome
Anemia due to destructionFever, achesJaundiceKidney Failure
DX: Id organism in RBCTX: Ab
Pneumocystis jiroveciFormally P. cariniiProtozoan vs FungalSource: Human RespiratoryTransmission @ early ageClinical Course
Cysts in alveolar wallRuptures bodies releasedTrophozoites develop
Sexual repro = cystsAsexual repro = fission
Pneumonia
DX: Id cystsTX: TMPS
PCP
Protozoal Drug TreatmentsMetronidizole
Nicks in DNA
AntimalarialsChloroquine, Amodiaquine, Mefloquine
Eradicate erythrocytic asexual stages
PrimaquineEradicates exoerythrocytic stages
TMPSInhibits metabolites related to Folic acid synthesis
Parasite Prevention Summary And don’t let the
Bed bugs bite!
Wash handsDrink clean waterCook meat and fishWash vegetables & fruitWear shoesControl VectorsPrevention firstDX before TXFollow up / change TX
Questions?