Parasite Classification Imam
Transcript of Parasite Classification Imam
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04/09/23Dr. Adnan Jaran1
الرحيم الرحمن الله بسم
Al-Imam Mohammed Bin Saud University
College of Medicine
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PRINCIPLES OF DISEASE II PRINCIPLES OF DISEASE II BLOCK (PATH 213)
Credit Hours: 4(2+1+1)
MICROBIOLOGY
Adnan S. Jaran BSc. MSc. PhD. AIBMS.
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Nomenclature
and Classification of
human parasites
(protozoa and helminthes) 04/09/23Dr. Adnan Jaran3
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CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY
• Parasites of medical importance come under the kingdom called protista and animalia.
• Protista includes the microscopic single-celled eukaroytes known as protozoa.
• Incontrast, helminthes are macroscopic, multicellular worms possessing well differentiated tissues and complex organs belonging to the kingdom animalia.
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• Medical Parasitology is generally classified into:
• Medical Protozoology - Deals with the study of medically important protozoa.
• Medical Helminthology - Deals with the study of helminthes (worms) that affect man.
• Medical Entomology - Deals with the study of arthropods which cause or transmit disease to man.
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Describing animal parasites follow certain rules of zoological nomenclature and each phylum may be further subdivided as follows:
PROTOZOAPhylum SarcomatigophoraSub phylum Sarcodina (Amoebae) Sub phylum Mastigophora (Flagellates)Phylum SporozoaPhylum Ciliates (Ciliophora)
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Sub kingdom: METAZOA (HELIMINTHS)Phylum :Platyhelminthes:Class: Trematodea: class: Cestoda:Phylum: Nemathelminthes (Nematoda)
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04/09/23Dr. Adnan Jaran8
PROTOZOAORGAN OF
LOCOMOTION
IMPORTANT HUMAN
PATHOGENS
1. Rhizopoda(Amoeba)
2. Mastigophora(Flagellates)
3. Sporozoa
4. Ciliates
Pseudopodia
Flagella
None, exhibit a
slight Amoeboid
movement
Cilia
Entamoeba
histolytica
Trypanosomes
Leishmania
Trichomonas
Giardia
Plasmodium.Spp
Balantidium coli
TABLE 1. CLASSIFICATION OF THE PATHOGENIC PROTOZOA:
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CESTODETREMATODENEMATODE
Shape
Sexes
"Head" End
Alimentary canal
Body cavity
Tape like, segmented
Not separate (monoecious)
Suckers: with hooks
Absent
Absent
Leaf like, Unsegmented
Not separate(monoecious)
Except blood flukes
which are dioecious
Suckers: no hooks
Present and
but incomplete
Absent
Elongated, Cylindrical
Separate (diecious)
.
No suckers, and Hooks
Present complete
Present
TABLE 2. DIFFERENTIATING FEATURES OF HELMINTHES
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I. PROTOZOA1. Amebae (Intestinal)
• Entamoeba histolytica
• Entamoeba dispar
• Entamoeba hartmanni
• Entamoeba coli
• Entamoeba polecki
• Endolimax nana
• Iodamoeba bütschlii• Blastocystis hominis
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Classification of Human Parasites
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2. Flagellates (Intestinal)• Giardia lamblia.• Chilomastix mesnili• Dientamoeba fragilis• Trichomonas hominis• Enteromonas hominis• Retortamonas intestinalis3. Ciliates (Intestinal)• Balantidium coli
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4. Coccidia, Microsporidia (Intestinal)
• Cryptosporidium parvum
• Cyclospora cayetanensis
• Isospora belli
• Sarcocystis hominis
• Sarcocystis suihominis
• Sarcocystis “lindemanni”
• Microsporidia
• Enterocytozoon bieneusi
• Encephalitozoon intestinalis
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5. Sporozoa, Flagellates (Blood, Tissue)
• Sporozoa (Malaria and babesiosis)
• Plasmodium vivax
• Plasmodium ovale
• Plasmodium malariae
• Plasmodium falciparum
• Babesia spp.
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• Flagellates (Leishmaniae, Trypanosomes)
• Leishmania tropica complex
• Leishmania mexicana complex
• Leishmania braziliensis complex
• Leishmania donovani complex
• Leishmania peruviana
• Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
• Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
• Trypanosoma cruzi
• Trypanosoma rangeli
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6 .Amebae, Flagellates (Other Body Sites)
• Amebae
• Naegleria fowleri
• Acanthamoeba spp.
• Hartmanella spp.
• Balamuthia mandrillaris (Leptomyxid ameba)
• Entamoeba gingivalis• Flagellates
• Trichomonas vaginalis
• Trichomonas tenax
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7 .Coccidia, Sporozoa, Microsporidia (Other Body Sites)
• Coccidia• Toxoplasma gondii• Sporozoa• Pneumocystis carinii
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Microsporidia• Nosema
• Brachiola
• Vittaforma
• Pleistophora
• Trachipleistophora
• Encephalitozoon
• “Microsporidium”
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II. NEMATODES (Roundworms)• 1. Intestinal• Ascaris lumbricoides• Enterobius vermicularis• Ancylostoma duodenale• Necator americanus• Strongyloides stercoralis• Trichostrongylus spp.• Trichuris trichiura• Capillaria philippinensis
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• 2. Tissue• Trichinella spiralis
• Visceral larva migrans (Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati)
• Ocular larva migrans (Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati)
• Cutaneous larva migrans (Ancylostoma braziliense or Ancylostoma
• caninum)
• Dracunculus medinensis
• Angiostrongylus cantonensis
• Angiostrongylus costaricensis
• Gnathostoma spinigerum
• Anisakis spp. (larvae from saltwater fish)
• Phocanema spp. (larvae from saltwater fish)
• Contracaecum spp. (larvae from saltwater fish)
• Capillaria hepatica
• Thelazia spp.
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• 3. Blood and Tissues (Filarial Worms)• Wuchereria bancrofti• Brugia malayi• Brugia timori• Loa loa• Onchocerca volvulus• Mansonella ozzardi• Mansonella streptocerca• Mansonella perstans• Dirofilaria immitis (usually lung lesion; in dogs,
heartworm)• Dirofilaria spp. (may be found in subcutaneous nodules
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• 1. Intestinal• Diphyllobothrium latum• Dipylidium caninum• Hymenolepis nana• Hymenolepis diminuta• Taenia solium• Taenia saginata
III. CESTODES (Tapeworms)
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2. Tissue (Larval Forms)• Taenia solium• Echinococcus granulosus• Echinococcus multilocularis• Multiceps multiceps• Spirometra mansonoides• Diphyllobothrium spp.
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IV. TREMATODES (Flukes)1. Intestinal• Fasciolopsis buski• Echinostoma ilocanum• Heterophyes heterophyes• Metagonimus yokogawai
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2. Liver/Lung• Clonorchis (Opisthorchis) sinensis• Opisthorchis viverrini• Fasciola hepatica• Paragonimus westermani• Paragonimus mexicanus
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3. Blood• Schistosoma mansoni• Schistosoma haematobium• Schistosoma japonicum• Schistosoma intercalatum• Schistosoma mekongi
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V. ARTHROPODS1. Arachnida• Scorpions• Spiders (black widow, brown recluse)• Ticks (Dermacentor, Ixodes, Argas, Ornithodoros)• Mites (Sarcoptes)2. Crustacea• Copepods (Cyclops)• Crayfish, lobsters, crabs3. Pentastomida• Tongue worms4. Diplopoda• Millipedes5. Chilopoda• Centipedes
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• 6. Insecta• Anoplura: sucking lice (Pediculus, Phthirus)• Dictyoptera: cockroaches• Hemiptera: true bugs (Triatoma)• Coleoptera: beetles• Hymenoptera: bees, wasps, etc.• Lepidoptera: butterflies, caterpillars, moths, etc.• Diptera: flies, mosquitoes, gnats, midges
(Phlebotomus, Aedes,• Anopheles, Glossina, Simulium, etc.)• Siphonaptera: fleas (Pulex, Xenopsylla, etc.)
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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDICALLY IMPORTANT PARASITES
• Medically important protozoa, helminthes, and arthropods, which are identified as causes and propagators of disease have the following general features.
• These features also differ among parasites in a specific category.
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Thank you
04/09/23Dr. Adnan Jaran30