ParaphrasingforPSYC206

Paraphrasing, Quoting &

SummarizingHow to use and credit sources

using APA Style

Any ideas, quotations, diagrams, images, video, or audio in your work

that are not your own.

There are three ways to include (or cite) a source in your text:

● Summary - captures main ideas in shorter form and in

your own words

● Paraphrase - all the main points in the same order, but

in your own words and without elaboration

● Quotation - exact words of author in quotation marks

What needs to be cited?

What does not have to be cited?

•Common knowledge

•Facts found in numerous places

•Your own original ideas and language

Harris, Robert A. The Plagiarism Handbook. Los

Angeles: Pyrczak, 2001.

Quotation

● Use: Put quotes around

the borrowed language

● Credit: Included in text

or at end of quote in

parentheses put author,

year and page*

*Additional rules in handout

Paraphrase

● Use: Your own words to

rephrase or summarize

● Credit: At end of paraphrase

in parentheses put author,

date and page (preferred)

How do you cite correctly?

•Use exact language of the original and put in quotation

marks.

•Author, year and page included in text or in parentheses at

end of quotation after punctuation.

“Critics have made several arguments against the common core. Some say the standards are being

crammed into classrooms by the federal government in a power grab of questionable legality. They

and others say that the common core is a national curriculum in disguise, that claims about its rigor

are inflated, or that it sets unrealistic expectations.” (Ujifusa, 2013, p.1)

Citing in-text – quotes (less than 40

words)

Block Quote (more than 40 words:

use indentation)

Implementation of the common core will require significant investment in

teaching training:

Many in education contend that the common standards demand significant

changes in pedagogy, and, in some cases, teachers' content knowledge.

In math, for instance, students are being asked to demonstrate their

understanding not only of procedures, but also of their conceptual

underpinnings. In English/language arts, they're expected to marshal

evidence from what they read to support arguments and build their muscle

with informational texts. (Gewertz, 2013, p.1)

Gewertz, C. (2013). Standards Worrying Teachers. Education Week, 32(22), 1.

Paraphrasing

Paraphrasing should sound like you, using vocabulary and

sentence structures that the reader will recognize as your

work. The justification for paraphrasing is generally to add

clarity thereby making your writing easier to read.

Therefore a good paraphrase is a complete restatement of

the original text but in language of your own which fits

better with your purpose and style.

TIP: To make sure you are not plagiarizing unintentionally, read your source enough to

Use a signal phrase - 1

A signal phrase signals to the reader that cited material follows.

Signal Phrases can be a single word, phrase, or sentence.

They should appear before a quote, paraphrase, or summary.

They often include verbs; be sure your word choice fits the context of the

source and any opinion you want to express about the quote.

According to Caplan (2005), "very few people have 20/20 vision. Being able to see well is crucial to success in

some sports" (p. 593).

Signal Phrases - 2

Common Signal Phrases

● Author argues that

● Author states that

● Author believes that

● Author claims that

● Author implies that

● Author reports that

● Author suggests that

● According to author,

● In his/her book, <Title>, <author>

maintains that

● The main point of author’s

argument is

Examples:

According to Dr. Clotile Galbraith,

Associate Professor of Education at

Stevenson University...

Dr. C Galbraith (personal

communication, November 18, 2013)

distinguishes between/among . . .

Citing in text - paraphrase

As the Common Core debate heats up, we’ve heard a lot from policy makers, politicians, and even TV

talk show hosts about the challenges posed by the new standards and whether they’ll help or hurt

education. With all the chatter, the voices of the professionals who are actually responsible for

implementing the Common Core have been all but drowned out in the mainstream media.

Long, C. (2013, May 10). Six ways the common core is good for students. NEA

Today. Retrieved from http://neatoday.org/2013/05/10/six-ways-the-common-core-is-good-for-students/

http://neatoday.org/2013/05/10/six-ways-the-common-core-is-good-for-students/

As the Common Core debate heats up, we’ve

heard a lot from policy makers, politicians, and

even TV talk show hosts about the challenges

posed by the new standards and whether they’ll

help or hurt education. With all the chatter, the

voices of the professionals who are actually

responsible for implementing the Common Core

have been all but drowned out in the mainstream

media.

There is a great deal of debate from

all corners about the Common Core

standards and their effects but

educators who have to implement

these changes are lost in the din.

(Long, 2013, para. 1)

Is it a legitimate paraphrase?












media.

In the public uproar over the Common

Core, there’s a lot of blather from

wonks, baby-kissers, and talking

heads about whether it’ll be the

greatest thing since sliced bread or

the end of the world, but pooh-bahs in

the field toiling to make it real get no

attention. (Long, 2013, para. 1)













media.

Long (2013) asserts in the ongoing

heated debate amongst “policy

makers, politicians, and even TV talk

show hosts” over whether the

implementation problems with the

Common Core standards will help or

hurt, the professional educators with

hands-on responsibility cannot be

heard. (para. 1)





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