Paraphrase. ♠ Thorough ♠ Accurate ♠ Fair “These are the times that try men’s souls.” The...
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Transcript of Paraphrase. ♠ Thorough ♠ Accurate ♠ Fair “These are the times that try men’s souls.” The...
“’Tis better to have loved and lost than never to
have loved at all.”Lord Tennyson,
In Memorium, A.H.H.
When to quote: ♠ Use a direct quote when the author has
written something in a distinctive or especially insightful or interesting
way
Use a quote when:♠ material that lends support
to a position you are trying to make in the paper
♠ material that disagrees with a position you are advocating or who offer
other explanations
Short Quotes: ♠ quotes less than four
typed lines
♠ They are typed within the body of the
paragraph.
Example: One source states that “there were signs that Elizabeth's reign would be a turning point in English history right from the start” (Smith 244). Those signs included the beginning of her
♠ A good rule of thumb is: if more than
THREE words in a row is from another source, make sure there are quotation
marks around it.
What do I document?
Document quotesDocument paraphrasesDocument anytime you use another’s words or ideas.
There should be a space followed by an open
parenthesis, author’s last name, a space, the page
number, and a closed parenthesis.
(Roper 224)
Example: Nearly all crimes that are committed by repeat offenders are violent crimes (James 22).
Notice the period to the sentence goes after the parenthetical documentation.
♠ When a source contains two or more different
authors by the same last name, include the first initial
in the document.
(L. James 22)(S. James 6)
♠ If a source has two or more works by the same author,
place a comma after the author’s last name, followed
by the title of the work, a space, and the page number.
(Welsh, “English Rules” 33)
♠ For a work with no author, place the first word of the title
(excluding articles) in quotation marks if it is a periodical or
italicize it if it is a book and type the page number.
(“Time” 16)(King 16)
♠ Omit the author’s last name if it is given in the
text.
Example: According to Judd, football is more exciting than research
papers (164).
♠ Omit the author’s last name if it has been given
in the previous citation and only the page
number has changed.
Example: The administration hopes that there will be high numbers at the performance of The Phantom of the Opera (Wilkinson 24). The money it takes to put on a play of this magnitude is almost distressing (28).
For Electronic Sources: cite sources the same way as a book, but with
a paragraph number instead of a page
number.
You must use a paragraph number for an Internet
source, even if it is from a school database because
there are no page numbers on these
sources.
Open parenthesis, author’s last name, one
space, “par.”, one space, the paragraph number, and closed parenthesis.
(Lewis par. 14)
Example: “More people need to buy yearbooks in order to remember their favorite things of their high school years” (Beavers par. 12).
♠ the word for word transposing of a passage without
quotation marks or a citation indicating the original author
Example:There were signs that Elizabeth's reign would be a turning point in English history right from the start. The rule of her father, Henry VIII, had been characterized by violence and brutality. But, in an unprepossessing manuscript, a copy of her first speech as queen, Elizabeth vowed to rule "by good advice and counsel.” During her reign, Parliament became more powerful than battlefield politics, and reasoning and rhetoric trumped bloodshed."The Queen, As She Was” Newsweek International
♠ the partial quotation and paraphrase of a
passage without quotation marks
indicating the original author
Example:From the start of Elizabeth’s rule, things were proven to be different. Her dad, Henry VIII, had been characterized by violence and brutality. However the queen said in her first speech that she would rule "by good advice and counsel.” During her reign, Parliament became more powerful than battlefield politics, and reasoning and rhetoric trumped bloodshed.
♠ the complete paraphrase of a
passage without a citation indicating the ideas of the original author
Example:Henry VIII’s reign was harsh, with a lot of force and bloodshed. However, Elizabeth I vowed to be different. As the new queen, she addressed her country saying she would have good counselors to help her. Therefore, in her reign, reason became more powerful than force.