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![Page 1: Parallelization of quantum few-body calculations Roman Kuralev Saint-Petersburg State University Department of Computational Physics Joint Advanced Student.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110400/56649db55503460f94aa6ae0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Parallelization of quantum few-bodyParallelization of quantum few-bodycalculations calculations
Roman Kuralev
Saint-Petersburg State University
Department of Computational Physics
Joint Advanced Student School 2008
![Page 2: Parallelization of quantum few-body calculations Roman Kuralev Saint-Petersburg State University Department of Computational Physics Joint Advanced Student.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110400/56649db55503460f94aa6ae0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
OutlineOutline
Introduction Problem statement Calculation methods Finite Element Method ACE program package Message Passing Interface (MPI) Results & conclusions TODO list
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
IntroductionIntroduction
The main goal is calculation of the bound and resonant states properties of quantum three-body systems.
This problem is important for the quantum mechanics. It presents a challenge from the computational point of view because few-dimensional Schrödinger equation should be solved.
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
IntroductionIntroduction
It is important to make calculations with high accuracy (~ 4 ppm) because some experimental methods allow to measure spectra with high accuracy and calculation methods must ensure such accuracy.
The sequential code of the ACE program was parallelized. Then test was performed (calculation of ground state energy of the helium atom).
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
Problem statementProblem statement
1. Three-body quantum system2. Central-force interaction3. Coulomb potential
4. The problem is to calculate bound and resonant states.
5. The eigenvalue problem is solved for large sparse matrices (up to 100 000 elements with matrix sparseness of order 0.01)
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
Problem statementProblem statement
For three-body system problem it is necessary to solve six-dimensional equation.
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
Calculation methodsCalculation methods
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
Calculation methodsCalculation methods
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
Calculation methodsCalculation methods
The wavefunction is obtained by means of FEM. The coefficients vim and the energy E are obtained by means of minimization of a functional <Ψ|H|Ψ>
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
Calculation methodsCalculation methods
The best approximation is evaluated by solving generalized eigenvalue problem.
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
Finite elements methodFinite elements method
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
Finite elements methodFinite elements method
Basis functions
35 basis functions
This basis reduces more three-dimensional integrals to the one-dimensional ones.
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
Arnoldi methodArnoldi method
Arnoldi iteration is a typical large sparse matrix algorithm. It does not access the elements of the matrix directly, but rather makes the matrix map vectors and makes its conclusions from their images. This is the motivation for building the Krylov subspace.
The resulting vectors are not orthogonal, but after the orthogonalizaion process we obtain the basis of the Krylov’s subspace and it gives good approximation of the eigenvectors corresponding to the n largest eigenvalues.
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
Arnoldi methodArnoldi method
Start with an arbitrary vector q1 with norm 1.
Repeat for k = 1,2,3,…
– qk ← Aqk-1
– for {j=1; j<=k-1; j++}
• Hj,k-1 ← q*jqk
• qk ← qk – hj,k-1qj
– hk,k-1 ← ||qk||
– qk ← qk / hk,k-1
The algorithm breaks down when qk is the zero vector.
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
Calculation algorithmCalculation algorithm
Three stages of calculation:
1. Basis definition
2. Matrix elements calculation (FEM)
3. Solving of generalized eigenvalue problem
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
ACEACE
1. Data input (*.inp file)
2. Building a 3D grid, establishing the topology, implementing boundary conditions
3. Matrix building
4. Generalized eigenvalue problem solving
5. Data output (eigenvalue goes to the screen and saves to the *.eig file)
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
Message Passing InterfaceMessage Passing Interface
A message-passing Application Programmin Interface (API)
Standard de facto for parallel programming for computing systems with distributed memory
Includes routines callable from Fortran, C/C++
The latest version is MPI-2 (MPI-2.1 under discussion)
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
Message Passing InterfaceMessage Passing Interface
MPI_Init MPI_Comm_size MPI_Comm_rank MPI_Send MPI_Recv MPI_Reduce MPI_Barrier MPI_Finalize
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
Message Passing InterfaceMessage Passing Interface
1. Data input
2. Task distribution
3. Parallel matrix calculation
4. MPI_Reduce
5. Eigenvalue problem solving
6. Data output
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
Results & conclusionsResults & conclusions
The program was parallelized. It is obvious that the parallel version is much more faster then sequential.
The parallel version works correctly and it was confirmed by calculation of the helium atom energy. This result is in good agreement with the experiment.
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
Results & conclusionsResults & conclusions
Theoretical energy value (helium) is:
Eth = -2.9032 conventional units (the proton mass is 1, the Plank’s constant is 1)
Experimental energy value is:
Eexp = -2.9037 c.u.
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
Results & conclusionsResults & conclusions
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
Results & conclusionsResults & conclusions
Time of calculation Speedup
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
TODO ListTODO List
Another parallelization (intensive) More parallelizations (extensive) Other realization of MPI (Intel) More optimizations to the sequential
code
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
Hardware and softwareHardware and software
Pentium 4 D (dual core) – 3.4 Ghz
Core2Duo – 2.4 Ghz
RAM – 2 Gb
Scientific Linux 4.4 (64 bit)
MPICH 2.x
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments
Sergei Andreevitch Nemnyugin
Sergei Yurievitch Slavyanov
Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger
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JASS 2008. Roman Kuralev, SPbSU
Thank you for attention!