Paradigm Shift in Cat Management in the Shelter & …...Paradigm Shift in Cat Management in the...
Transcript of Paradigm Shift in Cat Management in the Shelter & …...Paradigm Shift in Cat Management in the...
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Paradigm Shift in Cat Management in the Shelter & Community
Cynthia Karsten, DVM
Koret Shelter Medicine ProgramUniversity of California, Davis
www.sheltermedicine.comwww.millioncatchallenge.org
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The Five Freedoms
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One more freedom?
Five Freedoms +1
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Which of these things is not like the others?
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Which of these things is not like the others?
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Some common assumptions on which sheltering programs are based
Spay/neuter and educational efforts targeted at owners and pets will reduce shelter intake
Animals admitted to the shelter have owners who might come looking for them
Animals admitted to the shelter could be adopted if not reclaimed
Extent of application to cats will vary by community
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So…
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Pretty darn good news
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But…
…and it’s a BIG but…
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Colorado 2000-20071
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Ohio 1996-2004
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California 2000-20103
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A whole lot of cats
California animal control shelters:2000-2010: 2.5 million cats euthanized
276,052 in 2010; 756 per day2 million annually in U.S.; 5650/dayFinancial, human, opportunity cost?
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Why?
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What are the goals of a shelter?
Abide by all relevant laws Resolve citizen complaints and concerns Reunite lost pets with owners Maintain health and welfare in shelter Find new homes for pets Euthanize suffering or dangerous animals Mitigate harm associated with free-roaming animals Reduce pet over-population
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Abide by relevant laws? California F and A 31105. The board of supervisors shall provide for both of the following: (a) The taking up and impounding of all dogswhich are found running at large in violation of any provision of this division. (b) The killing in some humane manner or other disposition of any dogwhich is impounded.
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What are the goals of a shelter?
Abide by all relevant laws Resolve citizen complaints and concerns Reunite lost pets with owners Maintain health and welfare in shelter Find new homes for pets Euthanize suffering or dangerous animals Mitigate harm associated with free-roaming animals Reduce pet over-population
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Resolve complaints?
A 2007 national telephone survey asked: “What would you do about un-owned cats in the street?”1
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Role of a “shelter”?
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What are the goals of a shelter?
Abide by all relevant laws Resolve citizen complaints and concerns Reunite lost pets with owners Maintain health and welfare in shelter Find new homes for pets Euthanize suffering or dangerous animals Mitigate harm associated with free-roaming animals Reduce pet over-population
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Reunite cats with owners? Only ~ 2% of cats
reclaimed by owners nationally 12
Cats are > 13 x more likely to return home by non-shelter than by shelter means 13
66% of lost cats found because they return home
Only 7% found via call or visit to shelter
.
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What are the goals of a shelter?
Abide by all relevant laws Resolve citizen complaints and concerns Reunite lost pets with owners Maintain health and welfare in shelter Find new homes for pets Euthanize suffering or dangerous animals Mitigate harm associated with free-roaming animals Reduce pet over-population
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Maintain health and welfare?
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What are the goals of a shelter?
Abide by all relevant laws Resolve citizen complaints and concerns Reunite lost pets with owners Maintain health and welfare in shelter Find new homes for pets Euthanize suffering or dangerous animals Mitigate harm associated with free-roaming animals Reduce pet over-population
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Find new homes? Less disparity with dogs than
for reclaim and euthanasia Adoption numbers increasing
in many communities Flatter trend
Increasing intake result in increasing euthanasia in many regions despite adoption efforts
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Not the only game in town14
Source of cats, American Pet Products Association, 2012
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Not the only game in town3, 25
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What are the goals of a shelter?
• Abide by all relevant laws• Resolve citizen complaints and concerns• Reunite lost pets with owners• Maintain health and welfare in shelter• Find new homes for pets• Euthanize suffering or dangerous animals• Mitigate harm associated with free-roaming animals• Reduce pet over-population
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Euthanize suffering or dangerous animals?
< 1% of > 100,000 cats at TNR clinics euthanized for humane reasons8
< 10 % of cats entering shelters are sick/injured15
Median body condition score “ideal”17
Annual survival of semi-owned cats up to 90% (un-owned ~50%)18
o 6.8 years in managed colony
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Euthanize suffering or dangerous animals?
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Is humane euthanasia in shelters a reality for feral cats?
31
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What are the goals of a shelter?
Abide by all relevant laws Resolve citizen complaints and concerns Reunite lost pets with owners Maintain health and welfare in shelter Find new homes for pets Euthanize suffering or dangerous animals Mitigate harm associated with free-roaming animals Reduce pet over-population
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Mitigate harm associated with free-roaming animals?
Risk for some diseases is higher in ferals than pets And vice versa
Many conditions also carried by other species
How could we protect public health if killing cats was not an option?
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Mitigate harm associated with free-roaming animals?
Studies show mixed effect of cats22,23, 24
Micro-habitat specific effect How could we protect wildlife
if killing cats was not an option?
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Reality check Most shelter intake is
concern/complaint driven rather than targeted
Capture, transport, holding, lethal injection and disposal is time consuming and costly
Scope is insufficient to reduce overall population
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The limits of our superpowers
11 by 7 miles; 2500-3000 cats 96 cats trapped, infected with panleukopenia, released
by helicopter 8 full time teams of 2 hunters hunting day and night 5 full time teams of 2 trappers running 500 lethal traps Poison injected into 30,000 day-old chicks Cats eliminated after 14 years
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Discontinuing ineffective strategies to control predators can ultimately protect prey
http://www.sacbee.com/2012/05/06/4469067/suggestions-in-changing-wildlife.html
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What are the goals of a shelter?
Abide by all relevant laws Resolve citizen complaints and concerns Reunite lost pets with owners Maintain health and welfare in shelter Find new homes for pets Euthanize suffering or dangerous animals Mitigate harm associated with free-roaming animals Reduce pet over-population
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Reduce pet overpopulation?
50% permanent removal OR
75% sterilization/release required to reduce population9,10
o Less than 5% of outdoor cat population admitted to CA shelters annually3
o << 1% in shelters on any given day
Rough estimate of 1 un-owned cat per 6 people7; 1 pet cat per 4.1 people
(AVMA), 40-% allowed outside
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Wait a minute…are those lines going UP?
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Hmm…
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R
RT
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R
RT
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RT
Rabies risk from cats decreased by 11%Toxoplasmosis risk unchanged
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R
RT
Rabies and toxoplasmosis risk from cats decreased by 33%
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What are the goals of a shelter?
• Abide by all relevant laws• Resolve citizen complaints and concerns• Reunite lost pets with owners• Maintain health and welfare in shelter• Find new homes for pets• Euthanize suffering or dangerous animals• Mitigate harm associated with free-roaming animals• Reduce pet over-population
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The bottom line: traditional sheltering is not an effective tool to eliminate or protect community cat populations
+ =
Using a tool that’s mismatched to the job is hurting cats, shelters, and communities, and distracting us from finding
real solutions
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How about we just stop?
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What could we do instead?
Expand the options for live release
Limit intake to:o Cats that can be released aliveo Cats for whom death is clearly
the best alternative Invest resources not spent
on killing cats on programs to benefit:o Catso Wildlife o Communities
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Shelter based TNR, aka “Feral Freedom”, aka Community Cat
Program aka SNR
Targets healthy cats brought in to shelter by citizens
Neuter/vaccinate/return to location found
Direct impact on shelter population and euthanasia
Shelter or partnership operated
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Shelter Crowd Control
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Shelter Crowd Control
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Saving Lives
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Additional effects?
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What if this happened in our back yard?
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What if this happened in our back yard?
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What if this happened in our back yard?
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What if TNR for every cat is not an option?
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Just say no?
May be a good choice when: The outcome if admitted will
be euthanasia of that cat or another cato Shelter capacity (including for
TNR)o Cat characteristics
The cat is not suffering, at immediate risk, or causing danger in the community
http://www.animalsheltering.org/resources/magazine/mar-apr-2015/change-for-the-better.html
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Closing the expressway Close night drop boxes Discontinue healthy field
pickups Schedule stray and owner
surrendered intake Limit/decline intake of
healthy unadoptable catso Develop and use “intake
evaluation tool”o Feel free to have a slow track
Fee for stray and surrender especially if other options limitedNight drop closed April 2008
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FIRST, stop bailing. Then see if you can build a dam, divert the flow, build a
boat, and/or learn to swim.
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The Million Cat Challenge!
Shelter based initiative‒ Voluntary declaration of
participation
Balancing intake, C4C and outcomes
Share challenges, solutions and success
5 year increase in lives saved compared to baseline
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Many ThanksKate Hurley, DVMDirector, Koret Shelter Medicine ProgramUC DavisJulie Levy, DVMDirector, Maddie’s Shelter Medicine ProgramUniversity of FloridaJon CicirelliDirector, Animal Care and ServicesCity of San JoseKathie JohnsonDirector of Animal ServicesAnimal Humane SocietyMinneapolis, MNBarbara CarrDirector, Erie SPCABuffalo, NY
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