Papua, Indonesia Earthquake Sequence of February...
Transcript of Papua, Indonesia Earthquake Sequence of February...
130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137
130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137
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A R A F U R A S E A
T e l u kC e n d e r a w a s i h
P e g u n
u n g a n M a o k e
Epicentral Area
J a z i r a h D o b e r a i(B i r d ' s H e a d)
P a p u a
M a l u k u
Seram
Kai Kecil Kai Besar
Kep. KaiKep. Aru
T e l u k B e r a n
Wokam
Biak
Yapen
S e r a m S e a
S e l a t D
a m p i
r
Salawai
Misol
Waigeo
1971
1987
19871964
19861990 2001
20011985
197719751978
1989
19951991
1993
198919951976 1994
1992 1995 19851985
19701998
199419891994
1998
19991994
1979
2002 20021979
2002 19851985 1985
2002 19722002
2002 1996
19791979
19961996
19962001
19962001
1996
1968
1978
Fer
Iso
Uta
Tum
Tip
Mar
Dosi
Nuhu
Amar
Umuk
Nama
Wero
Tobo
ObiaWaru
Weri
Bula
Hote
AoemAjot
Saga
Gepo
Momi
BIAK SabaMala
Wari
Mega
Koor
DanarAbean
Wokam
Oanga
Wakia
Umari
Arbau
Argam
UrungKamar
Angar
Tiari
Kufar
Wabar
Benno
ArobaKokasDegen
Tanam
IriraBesam
SeruiMogoiBaroe
Atkri
MijemSekakOesin
KoffoGasimSeget
Kasim
SauriWorbo
Tipin Waiwo Korim
Salem
Arupi
Besir
WakreRabia
Karaum
TimukaWirmaf
Aiduna
Baraja
Tarera Bibiri
Kilmun JaronaMesingUtarom
Nabire
Bengoi
MariarRanibo
BotareMageoe
Malolo
WadapiMammeh
Mongge
Hofuma
Lokata Urongi Mokmer
SunderJeflio
NamberWaiboe
KameriMagamoSadjamPjodlo
Wawesi
Poeper
Waigual
Ohoirin
KilwaerTamadan
Masidan
Ngurwel
Keawkwa
Paraoka
Potawai Orawaja
Wisalen
Kaimana
Mirobia
Maiwawa
Siembra
Fak-fak
Tambani
Tembuni
RawarreKurunui
Airbore
Rapaowi
Waenggu
Atinjoe
WarbumiSalebam
Klamono ImpendiMargeni
SamaresMeosidoWaijaar
SelenekMalabohTindawi
AmboekiSawaloe
Asbakin
MakebonMubrani
EmboronWaibeem
Lam Lam Warkori
Ipirawea
Kisalaut
Kilbawar
Wororomi
Werboeam
Opdekams
Sajengga
Kaisweri
Tamoelol Sisember
Semariak
WakamoekKlasafet Malagots
AtuanariKlamesin
Adadikam
Kepudari
SamfemanSansapor
Warmandi
Wagailom
Wairemah
Ojurdjela
Ohoitheit
Amamapare
Hatumeten
Tanisepta
Manbetalo
Kaloekedi
OransbariGeramkato
Klamagoen
MANOKWARI
Temertimer
Manggawitu
Toena Gain
Sipatnanam
Len Malaas
Saukorrido
Ndapurutiri
Roefroefoea
Gihirkendik
Inanwatatan
Robookisbia
Makalekmela
Malaketelik
Iweka Temare
Walang Tengh
Taruata Lama
Jaramaniapuka
Sigaroi Tapin
Karufa Kembala
Kampoeng Baroe
Manuk
Fan
Obano
Tomoe
Wanau
Rawas
Wandai
Kinara
Wasian
Namboi
Mandon
Sandow
Arnanan
RANSIKI
Mandori
Saunbri
Kaironi
Koewawin
Enarotali
Jangketeh
Moegoetira
Arfak-saba
Oerbinasopon
Kipia Maparpa
95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140
95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140
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Generalized Seismic Hazard of Indonesia
I N D I A NO C E A N
P A C I F I CO C E A N
A R A F U R AS E A
B A N D A S E AJ A V A S E A
C E L E B E SS E A
A N D A M A NS E A
S O U T HC H I N A
S E A
I N D O N E S I A
M A L A Y S I A
S I N G A P O R E
B R U N E I
P H I L I P P I N E S
A U S T R A L I A
P A P U AN E W
G U I N E A
P A L A U
T H A I L A N D
EPICENTRALAREA
A U S T R A L I A N P L A T E
S U N D A P L A T E
CAROLINEPLATE
PHILIPPINESEA
PLATE
Map prepared by U.S. Geological SurveyNational Earthquake Information Center25 May 2004Map not approved for release by Director USGS
DATA SOURCES
EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMIC HAZARD USGS, National Earthquake Information Center NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center IASPEI, Centennial Catalog (1900 - 1999) and extensions (Engdahl and Villaseor, 2002) HDF (unpublished earthquake catalog) (Engdahl, 2003) Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program
PLATE TECTONICS PB2003 (Bird, 2003)
VOLCANOES Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcano Program
BASE MAP NIMA and ESRI, Digital Chart of the World USGS, EROS Data Center
EARTHQUAKE SUMMARY MAP XXXU.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORU.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
DISCLAIMER
Base map data, such as place names and politicalboundaries, are the best available but may not be current or may contain inaccuracies and thereforeshould not be regarded as having official significance.
Papua, Indonesia Earthquake Sequence of February 2004
95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140
95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140
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Tectonic Setting of Indonesia
I N D I A NO C E A N
P A C I F I CO C E A N
A R A F U R AS E A
B A N D A S E AJ A V A S E A
C E L E B E SS E A
A N D A M A NS E A
S O U T HC H I N A
S E A
I N D O N E S I A
M A L A Y S I A
S I N G A P O R E
B R U N E I
P H I L I P P I N E S
A U S T R A L I A
P A P U AN E W
G U I N E A
P A L A U
T H A I L A N D
J a v a R i d g eJ a v a ( S u n d a ) T r e n c h
A r a f u r a S h e l f
W e s tC a r o l i n e
B a s i n
I n v e s t i g a t o r R i d g e
W
eber
Ba
sin
EPICENTRALAREA
A U S T R A L I A N P L A T E
S U N D A P L A T E
CAROLINEPLATE
PHILIPPINESEA
PLATE
65 mm/yr
71 mm/yr76 mm/yr
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000250
Kilometers
SCALE 1:25,000,000Mercator Projection
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000250
Kilometers
SCALE 1:25,000,000Mercator Projection
120 125 130 135 140
120 125 130 135 140
5
0
5
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Seismicity of Eastern Indonesia
P A C I F I C O C E A N
A R A F U R A S E A
B A N D A S E A
C E L E B E S S E A
F L O R E S S E A
Ma
ka
s sa
r S
t ra
i t
M o
l u
c c
a
S e
a
S e r a m S e a
M o l u c c a s
Web
er B
asin
I r i a n J a y a
S u l a w e s i
Seram
Halmahera
Kep. Aru
Kep. Tanimbar
Buru
P A P U AN E W
G U I N E A
B o r n e o
M a l u k u
N E W G U I N E A
P e n g u n u n g a n M a o k e
Celebes I N D O N E S I A
TIMOR PLATE
BANDA SEA PLATE
CAROLINE PLATE
MAOKE PLATE
AUSTRALIAN PLATE
WOODLARKPLATE
SUNDAPLATE
PHILIPPINESEA
PLATE
MOLUCCASEA
PLATEBIRD'S HEAD
PLATE
EPICENTRALAREA
0 200 400 600 800100
Kilometers
SCALE 1:12,000,000Mercator Projection
SCALE 1:2,500,000Mercator Projection
EXPLANATIONMain Shock #1
5 February 2004
Main Shock #2
7 February 2004
Main Shock #3
8 February 2004
Post-Mainshock Activity
5 - 6 February 2004
7 February 2004
8 February - 20 March 2004
Aftershock Magnitude Classes
M < 3.5
3.5 - 3.9
4.0 - 4.4
4.5 - 4.9
5.0 - 5.4
5.5 - 5.9
Earthquakes 1964 - 2002
0 - 69 km
70 - 299
Magnitude Classes
4.0 - 4.4
4.5 - 4.9
5.0 - 5.4
5.5 - 5.9
6.0 - 6.4
6.5 - 6.9
Generalized Plate Boundaries
Continental Convergent
Continental Rift
Continental LL Transform
Oceanic Convergent
Subduction
Volcano
PAPUA, INDONESIA
5 February 2004 21:05:04.76 UTC3.615 S., 135.538E.Depth 17 kmMw = 7.0 (HRV)
This earthquake occurred in the sparsely populated eastern Indo-nesian province of Papua, a mountainous and jungle- clad areaof western New Guinea. The epicenter of this earthquake was lo-cated approximately 25 km from Nabire, a coastal town of about 26,000 people. Unofficial reports placed the death toll at 37, with 682 injured and 2,678 structures damaged. Local roads, an airport runway, and nine bridges were damaged as well as two pipelines at an oil refinery nearby. The earthquake also caused minor injuries and damage at two other towns, Enarotali and Manokwari.
PAPUA, INDONESIA
7 February 2004 02:42:35.43 UTC4.003 S., 135.023 E.Depth 10 kmMw = 7.3 (USGS) This earthquake occurred approximately 30 hours after and about 70 km southwest of an M7.0 shock on 5 February 2004 that killed at least 37 people in and near the town of Nabire. The epicenterof this latest earthquake is in a particularly remote area; consequently,reports of casualties and damage emerging from the region are expect-ed to be incomplete; however, additional damage was reported inNabire.
DISCUSSION
These earthquakes occurred in a region considered to have the most complex present-day tectonics on Earth. In the area surrounding Irian Jaya (the western half of New Guinea), four major tectonic plates, the Australian, Sunda, Philippine Sea, and Caroline plates, sandwich half a dozen proposed microplates. The interactions between these micro-plates produce all possible styles of faulting. These particular earth-quakes ruptured strike-slip faults near the boundary of the Bird's Head plate and the recently proposed Maoke plate.
REFERENCES
Bird, P., 2003, An updated digital model of plate boundaries: Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., v. 4, no. 3, pp. 1027- 80.
Engdahl, E.R. and Villaseor, A., 2002, Global Seismicity: 1900 - 1999, chap. 41 of Lee, W.H.K., and others,eds., International Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, Part A: New York, N.Y., Elsevier Academeic Press, 932 p.
Engdahl, E.R., Van der Hilst, R.D., and Buland, R.P., 1998, Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved trav- el times and procedures for depth determination: Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer., v. 88, p. 722-743.
ON-LINE NEWS RESOURCES
ABC News http://abcnews.go.com/wire/World/Arizona Central News http://www/azcentral/com/news/Channel News Asia http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/Radio Australia http://www.abc.net.au/ra/
0 50 100 150 20025
Kilometers
EXPLANATIONSeismic Hazard
0.0 - 0.2 m/sec
0.2 - 0.4
0.4 - 0.8
0.8 - 1.6
1.6 - 3.2
3.2 - 4.3
Plate Boundary
Continental Convergent
Continental Rift
Continental LL Transform
Continental RL Transform
Oceanic Convergent
Oceanic Spreading
Oceanic LL Transform
Oceanic RL Transform
Subduction
Volcano
Seismic hazard is expressed as peak ground acceleration (PGA) on firm rock,in meters/sec, expected to be exceededin a 50-yr period with a probability of 10 percent.
LARGEST EARTHQUAKES IN THE EPICENTRAL AREA 1964 - 2002
YR MO DY LAT LON DEPTH MAG
1964 4 23 -5.420 133.939 6.1 6.4 1968 7 29 -0.291 133.499 32.7 6.1 1970 11 8 -3.418 135.624 2.3 6.2 1971 9 16 -5.971 130.697 133.0 6.4 1972 12 4 -1.513 136.639 1.4 6.1 1975 1 14 -4.942 130.021 16.4 6.0 1976 11 18 -4.193 135.116 3.6 6.5 1977 3 15 -4.976 131.036 75.7 6.2 1978 4 3 -4.884 133.956 6.4 6.3 1978 8 3 -0.157 131.785 40.5 6.4 1979 9 12 -1.686 135.969 18.5 7.6 1979 9 13 -1.166 136.430 17.9 6.1 1979 10 17 -1.171 136.535 18.4 6.1 1979 11 16 -1.951 134.170 37.8 6.1 1985 4 8 -4.050 136.259 18.3 6.0 1985 4 21 -5.151 130.430 91.0 6.0 1985 9 15 -4.065 136.093 4.4 6.4 1985 9 15 -4.120 136.287 11.1 6.3 1985 11 17 -1.634 134.434 26.5 6.0 1985 11 17 -1.671 134.937 11.8 7.3 1985 12 6 -1.623 134.918 19.9 6.0 1986 10 17 -5.283 131.453 58.1 6.4 1987 6 17 -5.599 130.835 67.0 7.1 1987 10 3 -5.467 131.023 74.0 6.4 1989 1 10 -3.170 130.500 32.0 6.7 1989 9 4 -4.253 136.713 9.0 6.4 1989 12 12 -4.671 130.821 74.2 6.1 1990 12 5 -5.269 131.446 75.0 6.1 1991 12 29 -4.407 132.665 42.5 6.4 1992 4 7 -4.161 130.961 51.0 6.0 1993 6 12 -4.357 135.175 10.0 6.1 1994 1 19 -3.205 136.000 23.0 6.8 1994 4 13 -3.159 136.005 29.0 6.5 1994 5 25 -4.182 135.520 15.0 6.5 1994 11 20 -2.011 135.962 16.0 6.3 1995 1 27 -4.445 134.442 22.0 6.8 1995 3 19 -4.143 135.118 26.5 6.9 1995 3 19 -4.236 135.051 19.0 6.1 1996 2 17 -0.558 135.804 19.0 6.5 1996 2 17 -0.811 136.096 32.0 6.5 1996 2 17 -0.871 136.128 32.0 6.5 1996 2 17 -0.918 136.971 36.0 8.2 1996 2 18 -0.665 136.550 20.2 6.3 1996 2 18 -1.360 136.487 11.0 6.4 1998 4 27 -2.965 136.275 24.0 6.1 1998 11 18 -3.332 130.757 31.2 6.0 1999 10 10 -2.056 134.245 10.0 6.1 2001 1 29 -0.710 133.250 14.0 6.2 2001 4 4 -5.265 132.290 17.0 6.4 2001 7 22 -5.216 132.322 38.4 6.0 2001 9 11 -0.618 133.115 31.1 6.5 2002 9 20 -1.675 134.281 24.0 6.4 2002 9 20 -1.747 134.054 9.0 6.0 2002 10 10 -1.432 133.966 15.8 6.0 2002 10 10 -1.493 134.056 48.8 6.0 2002 10 10 -1.526 133.996 36.7 6.7 2002 10 10 -1.711 134.311 16.0 7.7
From: Engdahl (2003, unpublished catalog)
RELATIVE PLATE MOTIONS
The relative motion of adjacent tectonic plates is depicted on the map by short vectors shown at selected locations on the plate boundary. In this presentation, one of the plates is defined as the reference plate. The vector therefore repre-sents the direction of motion of the adjacent plate relative to the reference plate. The rate of relative motion is labeled next to the vector.
The components of the vector perpendicular and parallel to the plate margin approximate converg-ent/divergent and transverse direction of motion between the plates, respectively. As viewed from the reference plate, an inward directed component suggests convergence at and near the plate bound-ary that may be expressed as crustal folding, up-lift, thrust faulting, or plate subduction. Similarly, an outward directed component suggests plate divergence such as would be expected at a zone of crustal spreading. Transcurrent or transform faulting would be expected when the dominant vector component is parallel to the plate margin.
In the Tectonic Setting map, the reference plateis the Australian plate and the adjacent plate is theSunda plate. The vectors indicate that the Sundaplate is moving roughly south-southwest relative tothe Australian plate at a rate that varies from about 65 mm/yr to 76 mm/yr. The Java (Sunda) Trench,deep earthquake foci, and line of volcanoes parallelto the plate boundary are characterstic of typicalsubduction zones.
EXPLANATIONMain Shock #1
5 February 2004
Main Shock #2
7 February 2004
Main Shock #3
8 February 2004
Earthquakes 1964 - 2002
0 - 69 km
70 - 299
300 - 700
Magnitude Classes
5.0 - 5.9
6.0 - 6.9
7.0 - 7.9
8.0 - 8.9
Plate Boundaries
Continental Convergent
Continental Rift
Continental LL Transform
Continental RL Transform
Oceanic Convergent
Oceanic Spreading
Oceanic LL Transform
Oceanic RL Transform
Subduction
Volcano
PAPUA, INDONESIA
8 February 2004 08:58:51.80 UTC3.665 S., 135.339 E.Depth 26 kmMs = 6.9 (USGS); Mw = 6.5 (USGS), 6.7 (HRV)
This was the third large earthquake of the sequence that began on 5 February 2004 approximately 20 km to the northeast. The two events are notable because they had similar magnitudes and focal mechanisms. Felt (MMI VI) in Nabire.
Strike N
5W
Down-Dip
FINITE FAULT MODEL (C. Ji, California Institute of Technology)
Distribution of the amplitude and direction of slip for subfault elements (small rectangles) of the fault rupture model are determined from the inversion of teleseismic body waveforms. Arrows indicate the amplitude and direction of slip (of the hanging wallwith respect to the foot wall); the slip amount is also color-coded as shown. The view is from above, per-pendicular to the fault plane.
The fact that the orientation of the finite fault plane may differ from the corresponding best double couple nodal plane depicted in the focal mechanism diagram on the main map reflects differing methods of analysisand data sets.
The strike of the fault rupture plane is N5W and the dip is 80. The dimensions of the subfault elementsare 5 km in the strike direction and 4 km in the dipdirection.
EXPLANATIONAmount of Slip
0 cm
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240 cm
270
300
330
360
390
420
450
480
510
Finite Fault Model
FINITE FAULT MODEL