Papers due WEDNESDAY.. Theodor Herzl 1860-1904 Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State) World Zionist...
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Transcript of Papers due WEDNESDAY.. Theodor Herzl 1860-1904 Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State) World Zionist...
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Papers due WEDNESDAY.
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Theodor Herzl 1860-1904
• Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State)
• World Zionist Organization
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Where to put a Jewish state?
• Britain offered land in Uganda
• WZO split over the issue.
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ALIYA “going up” to Israel
• 1882-1913: first mass migrations.
• Start of Kibbutz movement: collective farms.
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W W I 1914-1918
• Palestine under control of Turkey – Ottoman Empire
• After war, Britain is in control
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1917 Balfour declaration
• “Jewish Homeland” promised by Britain
• “Best efforts” extend only to the point where efforts would lead to discrimination anywhere.
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W W I
• British pacified Arabs, promised Palestine to them for aid in fighting Turks.
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Post W W I
• More migrations in 1920’s
• Jewish socialist movements in Palestine
• Hopes that social reforms would put Judaism at the peak of human culture.
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Jewish Arab relations
• 1920’s growing militancy in Zionist movement.
• Hopes for a JEWISH state but non-Jews must be given full rights
• Arab fighters assisted by Britain.
• Jewish immigration banned.
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W W II
• Growing militancy in Palestine:
• Jewish police force forms,
• Paramilitary organizations grow.
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Post W W II
• Britain rejects Zionist proposals
• Secret immigration and violence
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1947 United Nations
• USA USSR agree to a Jewish state
• British Mandate ended
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UN Plan
• 2 States
• Jerusalem International city.
• Jewish state relatively small.
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1948
• 14 May Provisional government declared
• 15 May British rule ends
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1st Arab Israeli War
• 1948-49
• Stalemate
• Many Palestinian refugees.
• Arab states often rejected them.
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Population shifts: late 40’s 50’s
• Massive immigration to Jews into Israel
• Large scale refugee movements: Palestinians out of Israel.
• Wholesale expulsions of Jews from Arab nations.
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Law of Return
• “Every Jew has the right to come to Israel as an immigrant”
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1956 Second war
• Egypt nationalizes Suez canal
• Brit. France mobilize
• Egypt Masses troops on Israeli border
• Isr. Attacks, reaches canal in 4 days
• Withdrawal from Sinai
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“6 Day War”June 1967
• Arab states plan to attack Israel
• Israel strikes first.
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Occupied Territories
• Sinai peninsula
• Gaza Strip
• West Bank (Jordan)
• Golan Heights (Syria)• Jerusalem.
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Yom Kippur WarOct. 6-24 1973
• Egypt attacks across Suez
• Syria attacks Golan Heights
• Israeli counterattacks regain land.
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Hope for Peace?
• 1979. • Sadat of Egypt signs peace deal with
Begin of Israel• “Camp David”
• 1981. Sadat assassinated by Islamicist extremists.
• Israel withdraws again from Egyptian territory.
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1994
• Yitzhak Rabin makes peace agreement with Palestinians.
Assisinated in 1995 by Jewish radical.
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Issues in Israel
• How “religious” should the country be?• How much of the bible story should govern
policies? – Davidic empire?– Are Arabs “Canaanites”?
• Who is a Jew?• Jews who convert to Christianity?• Secular Jews?