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COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN OF A TWIN REINFORCED CONCRETE

MULTI-STOREY TOWER 

 By

1Ajala, O.F. and 2Ayen!"a, S. E.

De#a$%&en% '( C)l En!nee$n!, Un)e$*%y '( Il'$n, Il'$n

E&al+ 2asejik@gmail.com, 1ajalafelix111@gmail.com

ASTRACT

Computer aided design of a twin reinforced concrete multi-storey tower is presented in this work 

and it entails the use of Midas Gen software for modeling, analying and designing of a !" storey

twin tower and comparing the results with #$%%& 'ro software and manual design. $he

structural elements of the 1(th storey for the twin tower were analyed and designed usingmanual computation to ascertain the results from the software packages.

$he moment distri)ution method of analysis and limit state design method were used to analye

and design the !" storey twin tower )y su)jecting it to self-weight, dead load, li*e load, and wind

load in accordance with +# 11(.

rom the compared result, it was o)ser*ed that the results were similar and within range. or the

 )eam design, the num)er of steel reuired using the software packages were the same while that

of manual computation increased )y 1. or the column design, the num)ers of steel )ars reuired

were the same for )oth manual and M/&%# while that of #$%%& 'ro differed a little. or the

sla) design, the num)ers of reinforcement were the same using all the methods.

/n conclusion, the use of Midas Gen for structural analysis and design gi*e relati*ely accurate

and relia)le results.

0eywords %nalysis, Computer, &esign, Manual, Modeling

1. INTRODUCTION

% structure is a framework of identifia)le elements 2sla)s, )eams, columns and foundation3

which each element su)jected to )ending or direct force or the com)ination of )oth. % framed

structure is that which consists of structural mem)ers 2sla)s, )eams, columns and foundation3

that are rigidly connected and transfer loads from the roof and all the floors to the foundation

such that the induced stresses in the soil do not exceed there allowa)le )earing capacities. $hese

structural mem)ers may )e steel or reinforced concrete 24aji, !(153. ocus is on the reinforced

concrete type.

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4einforced concrete 24C3 as a construction material that has )een used for a wide range of 

 )uilding structures throughout the world, owing to its ad*antages such as the *ersatility, low

construction cost, excellent dura)ility and easy maintenance 26iroyuki, !((13.

4einforced concrete is a strong dura)le )uilding material that can )e formed into many *aried

shapes and sies ranging from simple rectangular column to slender cur*ed dome or shell. /tsutility and *ersatility is achie*ed )y the )est features of concrete and steel. $he steel pro*ide the

tensile strength and some of the shear strength while concrete, strong in compression protects the

steel to gi*e dura)ility and fire resistance. 2Mosley et. al ., !(1!3.

% reinforced concrete structural frame is a com)ination of )eams, columns, sla)s and walls,

rigidly connected together to form a monolithic frame. 7ach indi*idual mem)er must )e capa)le

of resisting the forces acting on it8 the determination of these forces is an essential part of the

design process. $he analysis must )egin with an e*aluation of all the loads carried )y the

structure, including its own weight. Many of the loads are *aria)le in magnitude and position,

and all possi)le critical arrangements of loads must )e considered.

4einforced concrete design is the siing of structural elements and reinforcement reuired to

gi*e a sta)le structure of reuired performance in terms of strength and dura)ility. &esign must

ensure that

- 9nder the worst load, the structure is safe and

- &uring normal working condition, deformation of mem)er does not detract from the

appearance, dura)ility and performance of the structure 2Mosley et. al ., !(1!3.

Re)e '( L%e$a%$e

#tructural design can )e integrated with interacti*e graphics in such a harmony that could pro*e

most )eneficial to engineers 20wesi, 1:;:3.

#$%%&.'ro has the capa)ility to calculate the reinforcement needed for any concrete section as

well as gi*ing a precise analysis and design of the structural elements 2+eda)rata et al., !((;3.

$he use of software in the design of structures reduces the time spent in design work and also

impro*es accuracy 2'rasad et al., !(113.

6igh-rise 4C construction is currently used almost exclusi*ely for apartment houses, )ecause of  )etter ha)ita)ility pro*ided )y concrete. loor plan of these )uildings is generally regular, and

symmetric with respect to one or two axes 26iroyuki, !((13.

Carrying out a complete analysis and design of the main structural elements of a multi-storey

 )uilding including sla)s, columns, shear walls and foundations using #%7 2#ultan et al., !((3.

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/n order to make multi-storey structures stronger and stiffer, which are more suscepti)le to lateral

2earthuake and<or wind3 forces, the cross sections of the mem)er 2particularly columns3

increases from top to )ottom, makes the structure uneconomical owing to safety of the structure

20ulkarni, !(1=3.

C'&#%e$ Aded Analy** and De*!n '( S%$/%$e*

Computer %ided &esign-C%& is defined as the use of computer systems to assist in the creation,

modification, analysis, or the optimiation of a design. C%& software is used to increase the

 producti*ity of the designer, impro*e the uality of design, impro*e communications through

documentation, and create a data)ase for construction or manufacturing 2#arcar, !((3. $he core

of a C%& system is the software, which makes use of graphics for product representation,

data)ases for storing the product model and dri*es the peripherals for product presentation.

C%& performs complex design analysis in a short time8 implementing inite 7lements %nalysis

methods the user can perform #tatic, &ynamic and >atural reuency analysis, 6eat transfer 

analysis, 'lastic analysis, luid flow analysis, Motion analysis, $olerance analysis, &esignoptimiation etc. C%& software are of different categories *arying from !& drafting tool, =&

modeling software, design and analysis software, simulation software and many more. 7xamples

are %utoC%&, ?4/?>, 'rokon, 7$%+, #$%%& 'ro, M/&%# Gen and M/&%# &esign etc.

2. MET0ODOLOGY

$he methodology employed )y the software packages considered and the manual analysis and

designs are

13 4e*iew of %rchitectural drawings

!3 #tructural planning 2+uilding the Model3=3 oad computations 2oad com)ination and estimations3

53 General %nalysis, &esign and &etailing using M/&%# Gen, #$%%& 'ro and Manual

%pproach.

Manal a##$'a/ '( analy** and de*!n

$he procedural steps for the manual design are as follows

i. #tructural planningii. 'reliminary siing of mem)ers

. Computation of loads

). %nalysis and

). &esign.

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Analy** and de*!n *n! Mda* Gen

$he procedural steps in*ol*ed in the analysis and design of the !" story )uilding using Midas

Gen and Midas &esignA are as follows

i. &efinition of properties8

ii. /mportation of the axis line of the architectural plan8

iii. Generation of model and Creation of the elements8i*. Generating the )uilding storeys8

*. Generating the story data8

*i. %ssigning properties8*ii. &efinition of the load cases and Generation of the load com)inations8

*iii. %ssigning the loads8

ix. 'erforming the )uilding analysis8x. &efining the design code8

xi. 'erforming )eam, column, and shear wall design8

xii. 'erforming sla) design using Midas &esignA8

xiii. Biewing and generation of the reports.

. RESULTS

$he comparison of the results from )oth the software packages and the manual computation

results are shown in the $a)les 1 to 5.

Ta"le 1. ea& De*!n Re*l%*

Me%'d Me&"e$Se/%'n

3&&4

M'&en%

35N&4

Sea$

35N4

S%eel "a$

3&&6&&4Ln7 

STAAD P$' 1"5 !=( x (( 5( "( 5D!( D@=((c<cMIDAS 1"5 !=( x (( =.!! ! 5D!( D1(@5((c<cManal 1"5 !=( x (( !!1. =!. "D!( D1(@=((c<c

Ta"le 2. C'l&n De*!n Re*l%*

Me%'d Me&"e$Se/%'n

3&&4

M'&en%

35N&4A* $e8.

S%eel "a$

3&&6&&4Ln7 

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STAAD P$' 1;( !=( x (( "."! 5:1: 1(D!" D1(@!((MIDAS 1;( !=( x (( ;".5= =5:( 1!D!( D1(@1!(Manal 1;( !=( x (( :.: 515( 1(D!" D1(@=((

Ta"le . Sea$ Wall

Me%'dL'ad

35N4

Se/%'n

3&&4

M'&en%

35N&4A* $e8.

S%eel "a$

3&&6&&4Ln7 

STAAD P$' (!" !5(( x !=( =::! 1((= D1!@!(( D1(@!"(MIDAS 5=5 !5(( x !=( 51:.1: 11=( D1!@!(( D1(@!"(Manal !!;5 !5(( x =( 11=: !!11 D1!@!(( D1(@!"(

Ta"le 9. Sla" De*!n

Me%'

d

S#an

T/7ne*

*

3&&4

M'&en

%

35N&4

M'&en

%

35N&4

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3&&

2

:&4

A* #$').

3&&

2

:&4

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3&&6&&4

 Midspa

nSupport Mid.

Supp

.

 Mid 

.

Supp

. Mid. Supp.

Mana

l

#hort

span1;" 1=.1 1."

!"(.

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ong

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1:;.

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!(.

5"! 5"!

D1!@!"

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MIDA

S

#hort

span1;" 1=.5! 1."

!5.

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;5"! 5"! '1!@!"( '1!@!"(

ong

span1;" :.:: 1=.!

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55"! 5"! '1!@!"( '1!@!"(

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9. DISCUSSION

$he comparison of the result o)tained )y manual computation method and the use of the

software programs are shown in $a)les 1 to =. rom the compared result, it was o)ser*ed that the

results were similar and within range. or the )eam design, the num)er of steel reuired using

the software packages were the same while that of manual computation increased )y 1. or the

column design, the num)ers of steel )ars reuired were the same for )oth manual and M/&%#while that of #$%%& 'ro differed a little. or the sla) design, the num)ers of reinforcement

were the same using all the methods.

5. CONCLUSION

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rom the comparison result o)tained from M/&%#, #$%%& 'ro and Manual computation,

almost all the structural elements passed the checks carried out on them including the deflection,

shear forces and )ending moment. $he list of failed elements was indicated )y )oth M/&%# and

#$%%& 'ro software programs and )etter section were selected. $he analysis and design of the

new section were performed again and result came out immediately.

$he use of Computer %ided tools in structural analysis and design has )een pro*en to )e

effecti*e from the results output. /t was o)ser*ed that the time for performing the design work is

significantly reduced. 6owe*er, the software programs can )e easily misused without o)ser*ing

 proper precautions in the analysis and design procedures which can lead to structural failures,

costly disputes and poor performing structures. $hus, this explains the importance of comparison

 )etween different software packages and more importantly performing hand calculations for like

a floor and comparing for the same floor in the software packages. $herefore, it can )e

concluded that the structure has fulfilled the 9ltimate imit #tate and the #er*icea)ility imit

#tate reuirements.

REFERENCES

+eda)rata +. and >agander %.#.B. 2!((;3. Computer aided analysis and design of multi-storeyed

 )uildings. % project su)mitted to the department of ci*il engineering, >ational /nstitute of 

$echnology, 4ourkela

6iroyuki %. 2!((13. &esign of modern high-rise reinforced concrete structures. irst 7dition,

'u)lished )y /mperial College 'ress, Co*ent Garden, ondon.

0ulkarni E. G., 0ore '. >. and $anawade #. +. 2!(1=3. %nalysis of Multi-#torey +uilding rames

#u)jected to Gra*ity and #eismic oads with Barying /nertia. %n /nternational journal of 

7ngineering and /nno*ati*e $echnology 2/E7/$3.

0wesi %. %. 21:;:3. 'h.&. thesis on Computer aided design of precast concrete industrial

 )uildings, 9ni*ersity of >ewcastle.

Mosley, F.6., 4ay, 6., and +ungey, E.6. 2!(1!3. 4einforced Concrete &esign. 'u)lished )y

'algra*e Macmillan.

'rasad 0. 6., 'ra*een '. 4., 0umar B. #. and 4eddy +. #. 2!(113. %nalysis and &esign of multi-storey 2GA3 residential )uilding using #$%%& '4?. % project su)mitted to department of Ci*il

7ngineering Gokaraju 4angaraju /nstitute of 7ngineering and $echnology, +achupally,

6ydera)ad.

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4aji, %.M. 2!(153. Computer aided design of a twin reinforced concrete Multi-storey tower. %n

undergraduate project su)mitted to the department of Ci*il 7ngineering, 9ni*ersity of /lorin,

/lorin.

#arcar, M.M.M., Mallikarjuna 4.0., and alit >.0. 2!((3. Computer %ided &esign and

Manufacturing. '6/ earning '*t. td.

#ultan #. %., #ultan 0. %., 6asher 0. %., 4asheed 6.%. and %)dulrahman %. E. 2!((3. %nalysis

and &esign of a Multi-storey 4einforced Concrete +uilding. % graduation project su)mitted to

department of Ci*il and 7n*ironmental 7ngineering, 9nited %ra) 7mirates 9ni*ersity.

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