Implementation of ISGE/ISEMIC model on Faculty of Technical Sciences Novi Sad

Jovan R. PETROVIĆ, Aleksandar S. ANĐELKOVIĆ, Miroslav V. KLJAJIĆ, Damir D. ĐAKOVIĆ

University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department for Energy and Process Engineering

Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia

Abstract The role of cities is getting more complex due to growth of population, impact on climate change and the need to increase energy security. In order to meet these requirements, transformation of cities must be initiated in all resource management activities and critical infrastructures, beginning with improving the energy efficiency of public buildings. These way best practices are demonstrated, enabling knowledge dissemination among citizens and promoting energy efficiency improvements in private homes and business. In the residential and service sector, information on energy and water consumption is commonly only provided on a monthly or bi-monthly basis. Frequently the recipient of the information has no benchmark to assist in determining whether consumption levels are normal or excessive. This paper presents implementation of ISEMIC model on Faculty of Technical Sciences (FTS) in Novi Sad. This web application connects processes of gathering data on buildings and their energy and water consumption, monitors consumption indicators, detects all anomalies or irregularities in time, sets energy efficiency targets and reports energy and water consumption savings. FTS first in Serbia installed smart meters for gathering information about energy and water consumption. All the data are stored on SCADA which is connected to ISEMIC application. This concept of energy management enables huge potential for energy and water savings on FTS. Project is a part of research supported by SEE-ERA.NET PLUS founds (ERA 163/01-ISEMIC.)

1. Scope of Research Improving the efficiency of energy consumption is a central theme of any energy policy. Improved energy efficiency meets three energy policy goals: security of supply, competitiveness and protection of the environment. Systematic energy management is a body of knowledge and skills based on an organizational structure that links people with assigned responsibilities, efficiency monitoring procedures and continuous measurement and improvement of energy efficiency. This body of knowledge must be supported by appropriate ICT for gathering, processing and disseminating data on energy consumption, energy efficiency targets and information. Intelligent Information System for Monitoring and Verification of Energy Management in Cities (ISEMIC) [1], [2] will be a software tool that connects processes of gathering data on buildings and their energy consumption, monitoring consumption indicators, setting energy efficiency targets and reporting energy consumption savings. ISEMIC is upgraded version of Energy Management Information System (EMIS) in which an accent is put on creating a network of people regularly monitoring and manually entering consumption data in EMIS via the web. Also, EMIS has no smart meter input capability. These two missing features are the focal point of ISEMIC development (Figure 1). ISEMIC architecture has three levels:

1. Web browser on the client side as user interface tool; 2. Apache Tomcat as servlet container; 3. Oracle database as data storage;

Figure 1: Architecture and development of ISEMIC application

The main objectives of the project are:

Creation of a software system for utilizing measurements from smart meters and subsequent data processing and analysis;

Installation of a smart metering equipment in at least one selected building in each participant country for conducting a pilot smart metering project using ISEMIC, consisting of a smart electricity meter and a water meter with impulse output, sensors for measuring outdoor and indoor temperature, gas meter, optical display, impulse output and with interfaces to a data acquisition system, thermal heat meter, M-bus modules;

Installation of cables, mounting equipment and other ICT infrastructure for communication between ISEMIC and smart meters;

Introduction of the concept of Energy Consumption Centers (ECC) for monitoring and verification of energy management in cities by enabling entry of different configurations of meters within a building or groups of buildings (i.e. campus, large hospital complex);

Creation of a system for intelligent consumption target setting and cascading to buildings – a way to disseminate goals on the national or municipal level regarding (i.e. achieve energy savings of 15% of total consumption) to the level of individual buildings;

Creation of a knowledge sharing system for communicating results and requests between building managers (technical staff) and energy managers (in energy offices in city councils and ministries);

Creation of a flexible data query, data filter and reporting system for different periods of reporting and targeted groups (from individual building owners to mayors and ministries).

2. Introduction and description of ISEMIC web application The Energy Management Information System (EMIS) is software developed in Croatia to help in implementation of energy management programs in public buildings, but it is implemented without any significant analytical engine for data analysis, as accent is put on creating a network of people regularly monitoring and manually entering consumption data in EMIS via the web. Also, there is no smart meter input capability in the system. These two missing features were the focal points of ISEMIC development. ISEMIC upgrades and improves the existing EMIS platform with new

functionality for continuous collection, storage and analysis of data on energy consumption of buildings owned by a city, county or ministry. ISEMIC further implements a newly developed methodology for past energy consumption data analysis using regression analysis, least square method, best-fit lines, scatter trending, as well as setting and cascading targets using correlation analysis and risk analysis using probability distribution for planning improvement measures. Due to ISEMIC web application complexity and large extent of its possibilities only short description will be given in this chapter. During ISEMIC development research was especially directed on [3], [4]:

Introduction of the concept of Energy Consumption Centers (ECC) for monitoring and verification of energy management in cities by enabling entry of different configurations of meters within a building or groups of buildings (i.e. campus, large hospital complex);

Introduction of advanced regression analysis for energy consumption data in order to define energy and water consumption baselines;

Introduction of algorithms for detecting patterns and outliers in energy data and possibility of documenting reasons for exceptions;

Introduction of data verification and oversight routines for energy management – supervising users (i.e. energy management officers in cities) use the software to intelligently detect outliers and bands of variability regarding consumption to determine optimal consumption of individual types of buildings and/or consumers;

Introduction of the Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) method for monitoring change in energy consumptions and control of energy efficiency improvement progress.

ISEMIC is finally developed in July, 2011. Main server used for project needs was installed on the computer located at FER-ZVNE. ISEMIC web application is installed on the server; it can be accessed by following the link: http://161.53.66.25:8080/IsemicIntro/ and by click on the project logo, homepage of the ISEMIC web application is opened. Project partners (Figure 2) agreed measuring equipment will be installed in each participating partner institution. Purchase of smart metering equipment and establishment of smart metering infrastructure is finished at institution of project partner from Sarajevo, BiH, while at other institutions of project partners is in conduction after which a pilot run (data collection from bills, smart meters and traditional measurements, their storage and analysis) can be started [5].

PROJECT GRANTOR

SEE-ERA.NET PLUS

COORDINATOR OF PROJECT

FER-ZVNE

Zagreb, Croatia

FTS

Novi Sad, Serbia

MEF

Sarajevo, BIH

IJS

Ljubljana, Slovenia

UNDP CROATIA

Zagreb, Croatia

Figure 2: Project partners

Five different user roles are provided in ISEMIC application; the system is designed in a way that can

support an unlimited number of roles, but these five mentioned roles are preconfigured:

System administrator (SA),

Energy administrator (EA),

Energy manager (EM),

User (U) and

Guest (G)

Below, ISEMIC application outline is shown on Figure 3. Application structure for SA user it has

embedded all possible functionalities developed in this project. Other user roles don’t have their

corresponding functionalities; they have reduced SA permissions. How much it is reduced depends

on exact user role (EA, EM, U or G).

Figure 3: ISEMIC application outline

1. Main menu bar

2. Menu bar – ribbon

3. Working groups (includes function buttons)

4. Working cards ribbon

5. Workspace

3. Description of ISEMIC model on Faculty of Technical Sciences Novi Sad The Faculty of Technical Sciences was established as the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Novi Sad, within the University of Belgrade on 18th of May, 1960 as a government’s institution. After the University of Novi Sad had been founded on 28th of June, 1960 the Faculty became an integral part of the University of Novi Sad. Now Faculty of Technical Sciences consists of 13 departments, 8 sectors for special services and 15 research centers with 12000 students and 850 employees and number of different laboratories in an area of 33000 m2.

FTS installed smart meters in building called ‘’Masinski institut (MI)’’. Total area of this building is 6300 m2. There are six metering places: one for electrical energy consumption, one for electrical energy production (PV panels), two for heat energy consumption and two for water consumption. Description of metering places is shown on Figure 4.

Figure 4: Description of metering places (SCADA Preview)

In summary measure works as follows: Clorius controller ISC2100 is the basis of everything (Figure 5). ISC 2100 belongs to a family of freely programmable controllers designed to be scalable from the small to the very large installations. ISC 2100 is well suited to control meters for heat, electrical and water consumption and can function as a PLC. It communicates with the Danfoss ECL300 controller (Figure 6) placed in two heat substations (allows reading and setting the parameters of the controller). Inside of Danfoss controller is ECA 71 MODBUS communication module (Figure 7) which makes it possible to establish a RS485 communications with Clorius controller ISC2100. Reading values from the calorimeter MULTICAL 66-CDE (Figure 8) is achieved via RS232 communication (built-in communication modules (Figure 9)), and value from the water meter DS TRP MID (Figure 10) via pulse input. Clorius controller ISC2100 also communicates via RS485 communication with the network analyzer in the transformer station EEM-MA200 (Figure 11). Inside of network analyzer EEM-MA200 is built RS485 communication module. Temperature sensor ESM-10 is installed in reference room and it measures current inside temperature. Clorius controller ISC2100 is connected to our Ethernet (LAN) network and communicates with the computer that is running SCADA applications (Wonderware In Touch 2012 SCADA system). It can be accessed to each controller by IP address from any computer in local network via a web browser, or from remote location if it is allowed to access the network from outside. The computer sends required reports (readings from metering devices) to the server in Zagreb. Data processing software (ISEMIC) is installed on that server. FTS from its resources and donor funds managed to make the first solar power plant (PV) to produce electricity. Photovoltaic filed makes two strings of 20 panels, connected in series, with individual nominal power of 240 Wp. PV inverter nominal output power is 8kW. Production information of electricity, as well as meteorological data conditions that prevailed during the electricity production are recorded, processed and stored on the SCADA system.

Figure 5: Clorius controller ISC2100 Figure 6: Danfoss ECL300 controller

Figure 7: ECA71 communication module

Figure 8: Calorimeter MULTICAL 66-CDE

Figure 9: RS232 communication module for MULTICAL 66-CDE

Figure 10: Water meter DS TRP MID

Figure 11: Network analyzer EEM-MA200

Data analysis is the main advantage of ISEMIC web application. Manual inputs, as well as data entry through smart (remote) meters must pass the check procedures for the value and time consistency to be saved in the ISEMIC application. Regression analysis [6] is most often used for past energy and water consumption data analysis. For

this reason it is implemented within ISEMIC application.

Figure 12 – Relationship between production and energy consumption

Regression analysis shows how a dependent variable – energy consumption – is related to the

independent one – for example temperature, by providing an equation that allows estimating energy

consumption for the given temperature (Figure 12). The relationship between production and energy

consumption in most cases is in linear form which means that the relationship between the points in

the graph can be approximated by a straight line and expressed by a linear equation (y=a·x+b). If

constant values (a and b) are calculated by the least square method the resulting line will go through

the center of data scatter and therefore is called a best-fit line. This line has a particular property –

sum of the vertical distances of data points from the best-fit line is equal to zero. The correlation

coefficient indicates how well a best-fit line explains variations in the value of dependent variable,

i.e. energy. If correlation coefficient is equal to one, all data points will be exactly on the regression

line. This will be the case of perfect correlation. The larger the scatter around the best-fit line, the

smaller correlation coefficient (weaker correlation) is.

Figure 13 – Identifying baseline for energy performance evaluation

It makes good sense for energy performance assessment to take best-achieved performance as a reference for evaluation and as a target for future performance (Figure 13).

Within ISEMIC, actual savings are defined as the consumption or costs after the improvement, taken

from the agreed baseline consumption, which would be the case if projects of efficiency

improvement weren’t implemented. All other factors remain constant. Baseline consumption is

expressed as a baseline equation, which is calculated from the agreed data set for baseline

consumption (regression analysis).The equation of energy consumption calculated from past

consumption data is E'. Measured energy consumption is Em.

Energy savings = Em – E’

If the result from the above equation is a negative value, it means that the energy efficiency is

improved because the actual consumption is lower than the consumption from base equation which

is calculated with the same independent variable.

Figure 14 – CUSUM graph

ISEMIC calculates energy savings in the same way every day/month/year, and adds the

daily/monthly/yearly savings. Cumulative sum (CUSUM) [6] presents accrued differences for each

day/month/year, and is calculated by adding the accrual from the previous day/month/year

(Figure 14). CUSUM graph expresses savings at any time and enables a direct comparison with the

target amount of energy that should be saved.

Among others ISEMIC has the ability to review entered consumption and its monitoring according to

the method called Nelson rules.

4. Results Energy and water consumption data of “Masinski institute (MI)” belong to Faculty of Technical

Sciences (FTS) are entered from bills during period from 2009 to first half of 2012 into the ISEMIC

application and some of the obtained figures are presented below.

The first figure (Figure 15) shows the share of each energy type in total cost with tax for each year. Next three figures show electricity (Figure 16), heat (Figure 17) and water (Figure 18) total consumption of MI for each year. It is also possible to view total cost with tax, monthly consumption and monthly cost with tax for each energy type.

Figure 15: Share of each energy type in total cost with tax for 2009, 2010, 2011 and half of 2012

Figure 16: Total electricity consumption in kWh for 2009, 2010, 2011 and half of 2012

Figure 17: Total heat consumption in kWh for 2009, 2010, 2011 and half of 2012

Figure 18: Total water consumption in m3 for 2009, 2010, 2011 and half of 2012

Next figures (Figure 19 and 20) show monthly CO2 emissions and primary energy consumption during

period from 2009 to first half of 2012 caused by heat consumption. It is also possible to view monthly

CO2 emissions and primary energy consumption caused by consumption of other energy types.

Figure 19: Total CO2 emissions in t for 2009, 2010, 2011 and half of 2012

Figure 20: Total primary (heat) consumption in kWh for 2009, 2010, 2011 and half of 2012

More grained energy and water consumption data will be available after the establishment of smart metering infrastructure which will start from 1st of November 2012.

5. Innovative aspects Web application ISEMIC can become very important tool for energy management in public buildings. It will enable local and national authorities to lead by example and have a tool to help in proving positive effects of increasing energy efficiency and installation of smart meters. ISEMIC creates added value in the following ways of presenting new, ready-to-use concepts:

Interconnectivity with smart meters subsequent to creation of data bridges, which enables

consumption monitoring on a daily basis or more frequently;

Use of ICT for energy management in buildings as a service rather than a product (only an

Internet connection is needed)

Use of algorithms that support expert knowledge and decision makers by discovering

patterns of energy usage to identify waste, to find opportunities for change and to set

targets for improvement;

A streamlined, robust system of determining baselines of consumption using regression

analysis on past consumption data, defining consumption targets and verification of savings

using the CUSUM technique;

System of accounting for exceptions on outlier values of energy consumption, which are

commented by the technical person in the building as well as the city energy manager;

Monitoring for changes in energy performance to evaluate the effect of improvements that have been made, to check whether consumption targets are being met and to provide evidence of progress towards improved energy savings.

6. Conclusion It is expected that ISEMIC will improve energy efficiency in buildings, raise building users' awareness

of energy consumption and utilize measurements from smart meters. Examples from praxis show

that introducing an energy consumption monitoring system raises employee awareness on energy

expenditure, which leads to 5% of energy and water savings without any additional investments in

energy efficiency measures. After full ISEMIC implementation and implementation of some simple

energy efficiency measures it is expected that energy and water savings will reach at least 10% of

current consumption expenses of all project partners.

The potential impact of this project is very large and it would be a great example how significant

savings can be achieved by systematic energy monitoring and management provided by the use of

ISEMIC. After successful project finish it is expected that city, county or ministry will show higher

interest to connect public buildings in their ownership with the ISEMIC web application and start

systematic energy monitoring and management. Connection of private buildings with ISEMIC is

expected in further future.

References

[1] UNDP (group of authors), Functional specification of ISEMIC web application, 2010 [2] UNDP (group of authors), Technical specification of ISEMIC web application, 2011

[3] Tomsic, Z,. et al., Defining an Intelligent Information System for Monitoring and Verification of Energy Management in Cities, 20th HED Forum, Zagreb, Croatia, 2011 [4] Tomsic, Z,. et al., Energy management in the public building sector – measuring, collecting, analyzing, verification and monitoring of energy and water consumption in buildings, World Sustainable Energy Days, Wels, Austria, 2012 [5] Sucic, B,. et al., Energy management in the public building sector – measuring, collecting, analyzing, verification and monitoring of energy and water consumption in buildings, World Sustainable Energy Days, Wels, Austria, 2012 [6] Morvay, Z., Gvozdenac, D., Applied Industrial Energy and Environmental Management, John Wiley and Sons – IEEE press, London, 2008