Paper and pulp industry- health hazards
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Transcript of Paper and pulp industry- health hazards
PAPER AND PULP INDUSTRY
DR.T.KARTHIK,AFIHIIPHG,AHMEDABAD
INTRODUCTIONINDIAN PAPER INDUSTRYPAPER MAKINGHEALTH HAZARDS IN PAPER MAKINGROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL PHYSCIAN IN PAPER INDUSTRYQUESTIONS
HISTORYTHE WORD PAPER IS DERIVED FROM PAPYROUS[ANCIENT GREEK FOR CYPERUS PAPYROUS PLANTPAPER WAS REPORTEDLY INVENTED IN ANCIENT CHINA DURING THE HAN DYNASTYFIRST PAPER MILL WAS FOUNDED IN SAMARKAND[MODERN DAY UZBEKISTAN]ALONG EUROPE[FRANCE1190,ITALY1276]PAPER MAKING HAD SPREAD TO AMERICA[PHILADELPHIA1690WITH THE CONQUEST OF SINDH ,THE ARABS BROUGHT PAPER TO INDIA IN 8TH CENTURY,FIRST PAPER MILL IN INDIA STARTED INKASHMIR IN 14TH CENTURY
[PAPER ONLINE.ORG/HISTORY]
CHINA IS THE LEADING PRODUCER OF PAPER IN THE WORLD FOLLOWED BY UNITED STATES,JAPAN,GERMANY,CANADAINDIA IS RANKED AMONG THE TOP 15 GLOBAL MANUFACTURERS OF PAPERINDIA SHARES AROUND 1.6% OF TOTAL PAPER PRODUCTION OF WORLD,TOTAL TURNOVER OF AROUND 25,000 CRORES PER YEAR.THE INDUSTRY PROVIDES EMPLOYMENT TO 0.12 MILLION PEOPLE DIRECTLY AND 0.34 PEOPLE INDIRECTLY IN INDIA.INDIA IS AN FASTEST GROWING ECONOMY AND MARKET ,PAPER PRODUCTION IS ESTIMATED TO RISE IN MULTIPLES OVER COMING YEARS .INDIA IS EXPECTED TO TAKE A PLACE IN TOP 10 PAPER MANUFACTURERS BY 2020
INDIAN PAPER INDUSTRY
[INDIA.PAPEREX-EXPO.].
WOOD PROCUREMENT
95% PAPER MADE FROM WOOD FIBRES.WOOD IS
GROWN IN FORESTS OR IN PLANTATIONS FOR THE
PURPOSE OF PAPER MAKING
DECIDOUS HARDWOOD TREES-OAK,GUM
CONIFEROUS SOFTWOOD TREES-PINE[STRONGER PULP
[ILO ENCYLOPEDIA/PAPER INDUSTRY]
DEBARKING AND CHIPPING
DEBARKING IS DONE HYDRAULICALLY WITH HIGH PRESSURE WATER OR MECHANICALLY
AFTER DEBARKING ,LOGS AT CUT IN SIZES OF 1 TO 6METRES AND SEND TO CHIPPER MACHINESFOR MAKING CHIPS OF DIFFERENT SIZESCHIPS MAY BE PILED AND STORED FOR SEVERAL WKS AS INVENTORY
ILO ENCYLOPEDIA/PAPER INDUSRTY
PULPINGMECHANICAL- STONE GROUNDWOOD,THERMO-MECHANICAL,CHEMI-MECHANICALCHEMICAL-SULPHATE ,KRAFT,SULPHITE METHODSULPHATE PULPING IS MOST WIDELY FOLLOWEDILO ENCYLOPEDIA/PAPER INDUSTRY
PAPER MACHINE•NICHOLAS LOUIS ROBERT INVENTED, FOURDRINIER MODIFIED IT WITH A FELT SIDE AND WIRE SIDE•THE WIRE CAUSES PAPER FORMATION AT WET END .THE MAT WHICH LEAVES THIS PROCESS HAS 75% WATER•PRESSING OF MAT IS DONE IN ROLLERS TO REDUCE WATER CONTENT TO 60%,IT ALSO CAUSES WEB LIKE INTERACTION AMONG FIBRES•THEN MAT IS PASSED THROUH DRYING CYLINDERS WHICH REMOVE 55% MOISTURE GIVING THE FINAL PRODUCT WITH 5 WATER.•CALENDERING-PROCESS BY WHICH PAPER SURFACE IS IRONED SMOOTH AND THICKNESS REDUCED
HEALTH HAZARDS I. PHYSICAL HAZARDS- NOISE,HEAT,DUSTII. CHEMICAL HAZARDSIII. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDSIV. MECHANICAL HAZARDS
NOISE
WOOD DEBARKING,PAPERMACHINE,BOILER RECOVERYNOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS
NOISE LEVELS AT CHIPPING,PAPER MACHINES WERE NOTED TO BE ABOVE 90dB
CISILO/ILOSEARCH/PAPER INDUSTRYHAZARDS
HEATPULP COOKING,PULPING CHEMICAL RECOVERY,PAPER DRYING INVOLVE HIGH TEMPERATURESTEMPERATURES AROUND PAPER MACHINES WERE RECORDED ABOVE 60 C CAUSING HEAT EXHAUSTION AMONG WORKERS
CISILO/ILOSEARCH,PAPERINDUSTRYHAZARDS
WOOD DUST
CHIPPING,INTIAL STAGES OF CHIPPINGRISK OF OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMAIRRITATIVE LUNG DISEASECARCINOGEN
CISILO/ILOSEARCH/PAPERINDUSTRYHAZARDS
CHEMICAL HAZARDSSOLIDS-SODIUM CHOLARATE,SODIUM SULPHATE,LIME,CALCIUM,ASBESTOESLIQUIDS-SODIUM HYDROXIDE,TURPENTINE,SULPHUROUS ACID,AQUEOUS CHLORINE DIOXIDE,BIOCIDESGASES-SULPHUR DIOXIDE,CHLORINE DIOXIDE,OTHER VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDSBLEACHING,PULPING,
SULPHUR DIOXIDE- RESPIRATORY IRRITANT- DEATH DUE TO RESPIRATORY ILLNESSCONTACT DERMATITIS- CALCIUM HYDROXIDE,GLUES,ADDITIVESEYE IRRITANTS- CHLORINE,SULPHUR COMPOUNDS
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
BACTERIA,VIRUSES,FUNGI PARTICULARLY IN PAPER MACHINE,CLOSED LOOP SYSTEMS,TREATMENT PLANTS FOR WASTE WATER AND WATER COOLING SYSTEMSHYPERSENSITIVITY
PNEUMONITIS,CHRONIC LUNG SCARING,BAGOSSOSIS
MECHANICAL HAZARDS
INJURIES & ACCIDENTS- MOSTLY DUE TO HANDLING OF HEAVY WEIGHTS OF PAPER BALES AND ROLLSCAUGHT BETWEEN ROTATING ROLLS AND EQUIPMENT[NIP POINTS]CRUSH BY FALLING AND TUMBLING OBJECTSOVER EXERTION INJURIES DUE TO REPETITIVE WORK
CANCER
•IARC- POTENTIAL CARCINOGENS IN PAPER INDUSTRY•ASBESTOES-MESOTHELIOMA•TALC,BENZIDINE,FORMALDEHYDE,EPICHLOROHYDRIN- POTENTIAL CARCINOGENS•WOOD DUST- NASAL CANCER
WHO/IARC/PAPERINDUSTRY
ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL PHYSICIAN
I. SYSTEMATIC ASSESMENT OF VARIOUS HAZARDS INVOVLED
II. PROACTIVE ROLE IN INSPECTION OF VARIOUS PROCESSES
III.WELL DESIGNED HEALTH EVALUATION FOR EARLY DETECTION
T-TOGETHERE-EVERYONEA-ACHEIVESM-MORE
DESCRIBE IN DETAIL THE VARIOUS HAZARDS INVOLVED IN PAPER AND PULP INDUSTRY?
1. PULP BLEACHING –HEALTH HAZARDS?
2. WOOD DUST- RELATED HEALTH HAZARDS
3. NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS
4. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IN PAPER INDUSTRY
1]PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT [PEL] OF WOOD DUST WITH RESPECT TO RESPIRATORY EXPOSURE IS …………………………………..?2]PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT [PEL] OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE IN WORKPLACE IS ……………………………………?3]PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE IS…………………………….?4]KRAFT PROCESS EMPLOYED INA]CHEMICAL PULPINGB]MECHANICAL PULPINGC]BLEACHINGD] ALL OF THE ABOVE5]PAPER MACHINE IS KNOWN AS………………………………………..6]FARMERS LUNG IS A TYPE OFA] CHEMICAL PNEUMONITISB]HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITISC]PNEUMONIAD]LUNG CANCER
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