Section i: Abstract

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Section ii: Definition of Terms

Section iii: List of Tables, Figures and Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction

Char2 about biorefineriesHistory of BiorefineriesProcess Biorefineries

Chapter 2: Review of Existing Industries and Manufacturing Facilities

Search biorefineries in PhReason gipili ang San CarlosProfile:San Carlos Bioenergy, Inc. (SCBI) is a PEZA registered company incorporated in May 2005 to construct, own and operate an integrated fuel bioethanol distillery and power co-generation facility, thus marking both Philippine and Southeast Asian history as the First Fuel Bioethanol and Co-generation Facility. Situated at the San Carlos Agro-Industrial Economic Zone on the Eastern coast of Negros Occidental, SCBI takes advantage of both favorable weather patterns and the best quality and yield in sugarcane to supply the country's fuel and energy demands, in compliance with the mandates of the Biofuels Act of 2006, otherwise known as RA 9367 and the Renewable Energy Act (REA) of 2008, otherwise known as RA 9513.Encouraged by the passage of RA 9367 and the assurance of the Alternative Fuels Program of the Department of Energy (DoE), Bronzeoak Philippines, SCBI's developer, provided unique and valuable expertise in biomass power plant engineering, while its principal sponsor, Zabaleta and Company, provided sugar-based agricultural experience. On the other hand, equity capital was raised both domestically through San Julio Realty, Inc., Valmayor Ventures Inc., National Development Company, and the Majent Group, and internationally through FE Clean Energy of New York.On a daily basis, SCBI processes a maximum of 1,500 tons of sugarcane to produce 125,000 liters of Bioethanol and generate a rated capacity of around 7.4MW where at least 2.4 MWh is to be supplied to the power grid. The production of both alternative and renewable energy is governed by separate contracts, apart from those executed with other government agencies under the Executive Branch. The company has a ten (10) year sales agreement with Petron Corporation, the country's leading oil company and gasoline retailer, for the supply of bioethanol, as well as a thirty (30) year agreement with VMC Rural Electric Cooperative (VRESCO), Inc. the local distribution utility, for the supply of electricity, both on a take or pay basis. Conversely, the company has a fifteen (15) year agreement with three (3) local plantations for the supply of the bulk of its sugarcane requirements and works with smaller sugarcane planters and cooperatives for the balance of its feedstock requirements.

Chapter 3: Manufacturing Process

ProcessMillingDistilleryWaste Management

iii.Environmental Department (77hrs)Equipment, Machineries and Instrumentation FamiliarizationDifferent ways of disposing the wastes (mainly spentwash/slops) was discussed by the manager, from anaerobic digestion up to sub-surface drip irrigation. Details about the anaerobic digestion was discussed by the operator while the sub-surface drip irrigation system was discussed by the supervisor.Anaerobic Digester Process Control and MonitoringThe anaerobic digester was upset when we were assigned to the department. The sludge recirculation system was the only one that operates. So instead of operate and monitor, we determined the parameters at their laboratory. These parameters are Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Volatile Fatty Acids (T-VFA) and Alkalinity of the samples from Anaerobic Digester and another areas.Off-site Lagoons and Pump House for Irrigation System VisitsObserving how they further treat the wastes using the lagoons as an aerobic digester. Irrigations pipelines from the plant to the sugarcane fields was also observe.

At the Environmental Management Department, I learned that spentwash can also be used to irrigate sugarcane. And in their anaerobic digester, the source of bacteria is cow dung. I learned how to determine Chemical Oxygen demand, Alkalinity and Total Volatile Fatty Acids, which are the main parameters in the operation of the digester.Chapter 4: Waste Management Processes

4.1. Nature and Characteristics of Industrial Wastes

4.2. Baseline Data and Methodology on Acquisition of Baseline Information

4.3. Detail of Unit Operations and Processes

Chapter 5: Waste Management Initiatives

5.1. Pollution Prevention/ Waste Minimization

5.2. Environmental Management System

Chapter 6: Future Trends and Direction

Chapter 7: Conclusion

Chapter 8: Recommendation

Annexes A: References

Annexes B: