PAPER 2 WORKSHOPTARGET: Increase confidence in paper 2 skills and

knowledge

We will look at: 1. Source skills - activity: How useful

2. Political impact on Scotland3. Economic impact on Scotland

4. Activity : Source interpretation practice

Skills

1. Comparison2. How useful 3. How far 4. How fully

TIMING 1 hour 25 mins so:25 mins for 10 markers15 mins for 5 markers,5 mins to go back over your answers.

REMEMBER, REMEMBER!!

• EXPLAIN every point you make• Separate every point in its own paragraph• Count your points as you make them• Give as much detail as you possibly can – the

more you give, the greater chance you will have of getting a higher grade.

TASK 1

• In pairs, looking at a candidate’s answer for how useful :

– 1. What do you think they got?– 2. What have they done wrong/right?

Who’s Who in Scottish Politics

Leading figures who may appear in the sources

Willie Gallacher

• Leader of the Clyde Worker’s Committee

• Imprisoned for sedition in 1916 (Red Clydeside) and again in 1919

John MacLean• Anti-war and anti-

conscription campaigner• Devotee of revolutionary

Marxism• Arrested for sedition

Manny Shinwell

• Leader of Clyde Worker’s Committee involved in 40 hour strike 1919

• Later became ILP MP

David Kirkwood

• Leader of Clyde Worker’s Committee

• Openly resisted the Munitions Act which resulted in his extradition to…Edinburgh!

• Arrested for ‘incitement to riot’ on ‘Bloody Friday’ 1919.

• Not as radical as Maclean

James Maxton

• Leader of the ILP, Pacifist and critic of conscription and Britain’s involvement in WWI.

• Labour candidate in 1922, won Bridgeton seat

• Not as radical as MacLean

John Wheatley• Labour MP • Opposed the war • Set up the Union for

Democratic Control that campaigned for peace

• 1915 he took a leading role in the rent strikes (WC housing was his main issue throughout his political career)

• 1916 he campaigned against conscription

Patrick Dollan

• Prominent member of the ILP

• Wrote for Forward (ILP newspaper)

Mary Barbour

• Came to the fore in the 1915 rent strikes in organising resistance to evictions.

• Member of the ILP and later became Glasgow Council’s first female councillor.

Helen Crawford

• WSPU member• ILP member • Organised campaign to

oppose British involvement in war called the Women’s Peace Crusade

• Communist party links

Agnes Dollan

• Leader of the Glasgow Rent strikes

• ILP member and WSPU member

• Later Labour candidate• Campaigner of the

Woman’s Labour League to support the equality in employment and wages of women

THE POLITICAL LANDSCAPEAFTER THE WAR

• ILP and Labour grow• Politicisation of working class due to demands to expand the franchise, socialist teaching by radicals

PLUS strict government controls of DORA which prevents strike action and RESULTS in a disenchanted workforce who work long hours without adequate pay rises. Majority turn to the LABOUR party who want CHANGE. While others turn to the ‘law & order’ of the Conservatives to RESTORE the country to pre-war ideals.

• Liberals do not recover from the split, popularity declines – uncertainty. • Support for Scottish Home Rule wanes as discarded in 1914. Full Irish home rule is granted in 1922 – in a

spirit of unity and togetherness, Scottish Home Rule is dropped on outbreak of war and becomes a quiet minority post-war.

• 1928 the Scottish National Party was formed and the issue is re-ignited

LABOUR PARTYLIBERALS

ILPCONSERVATIVES

UNIONISM

Evidenced in Scottish votes in the elections;

• 1918, 30% of vote = Conservatives• 1922 40 out of 43 Labour candidates were also members of

the ILP• 1922 Labour won 10/15 Glasgow constituency seats• 1924 Conservatives won 38 Scottish seats (compared to

Labour’s 26)• 1924 Labour minority government – although short lived (led

by Scot Ramsay McDonald)• 1920s overall saw the ILP peak in popularity, 1/3 of all British

members were in fact Scottish (300/1000 branches located in Scotland)

USE EXAMPLES !!

RED CLYDESIDE/Growth of RADICALISM =Phase between 1915-16 of strikes and demonstrations=Includes the Rent Strikes, Dilution, George Square riots, 40 hour week protest, various company strikes. ‘Tuppence an hour’ engineer strikeGEORGE SQUARE – ‘BLOODY FRIDAY’ 31/01/1919• 100,000 gather to support 40 hour working week• Govt. overreacts and sends 12,000 soldiers and 6 tanks

sent to settle disturbances between police and protestors.

SCOTTISH ECONOMY

ECONOMY depends on:

STEEL

COAL

TEXTILES

AGRICULTURE

FISHING

SHIPBUILDING

Scotland’s economy is historically based on:

• HEAVY industry = steel, coal, shipbuilding, railways, rubber, engineering locomotives

• OTHER: Fishing industry – herring which is exported to European markets, textiles mainly centralised in Dundee, wool industry, agriculture

HOWEVER, WWI impact results in dramatic change:

Clydeside BOOM!1. Ship ORDERS of £16million 2. DIVERSIFICATION of industry as ship yards

also turn to making aircraft components, tanks and artillery.(Beardmore, Brown, Fairfields)

3. 24,000 full time EMPLOYMENT4. 90% of armour plating comes from Glasgow5. Increased PROFITS – 481 warships built on

the Clyde during the 4 years of war

FISHING & AGRICULTURE • Navy took over inshore areas of Firth of Forth• Lost Russian and German markets – demand

declined• Employment decreased due to voluntarism and

conscription • North sea closed to fishing• Fish price rose and eventually rationed • Sheep farming boom – government bought

wool stocks

WOMEN & ECONOMY• Women temporarily stepped into the jobs of men• Munitions eg Gretna employed 9000 women• On average, paid 45% less than men in the Jute industry

(which is why these industries profited so much!)• Else Inglis – field hospitals • Worked in tram and rail industries, engineering through

dilution – areas where women would normally never be seen• Representation of the People Act - vote• Politicised by war through work and rent strikes• First rent strike, May 1915, 25,000 joined by the end of the

year.

THE ECONOMIC LANDSCAPE AFTER THE WAR

• Temporary boost to shipbuilding to repair and build ships to replace those damaged by merchant navy• Foreign competition ruined textiles industry along with Trade Union disputes and lack of investment• Demand for coal and steel declined • Herring industry never recovered to pre-war levels• Coal – falling orders • Locomotives were amalgamated and production moved south• Decline in agriculture due to loss of workers and emigration – Land raids caused problems

COAL LOCOMOTIVES

STEEL HERRING JUTE SHIPBUILDING

AGRICULTURE

Task 2

• In groups, you will be given two sources. • In the 10 marker – identify the source points,

add recall points (as many as you can think of) • In the how useful – identify the OPCR