Paper 2: Construction Industry and Sustainability – Mark ...

T Level Technical Qualification in Construction: Design, Surveying and Planning Mark Scheme - Core exam 2: Construction Industry and Sustainability

Additional Sample Assessment Material – Pre-publication draft v1.0 - October 2020 1

Paper 2: Construction Industry and Sustainability – Mark Scheme

General Marking Guidance

● All students must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first student in exactly the same way as they mark the last.

● Mark schemes should be applied positively. Students must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.

● Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.

● All marks on the mark scheme should be used appropriately. ● All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners

should always award full marks if deserved. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the student’s response is not rewardable according to the mark scheme.

● Where judgement is required, a mark scheme will provide the principles by which marks will be awarded.

● When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a student’s response, a senior examiner should be consulted.

● Crossed out work should be marked unless the student has replaced it with an alternative response.

● Accept incorrect/phonetic spelling (as long as the term is recognisable) unless instructed otherwise.

Points-based Mark Scheme Guidance

Points-based mark schemes are made up of:

1) Mark scheme rubric A mark scheme rubric instructs an examiner as to how each mark is awarded.

2) Example responses These demonstrate the type of acceptable responses that a student might provide and where each mark is awarded.

3) Additional marking guidance This informs examiners about any parameters which should be applied, e.g. 'accept any other appropriate/alternative responses'.



Applying the points-based mark scheme guidance

Examiners should follow the mark scheme rubric and use the example responses as a guide for the relevance and expectation of the responses. Students must be credited for any appropriate response. Should candidates provide answers that meet the rubric but in an alternative order, credit should be given.

Levels-based Mark Scheme Guidance

Levels-based mark schemes (LBMS) have been designed to assess students’ work holistically. They consist of two parts:

1) Indicative content Indicative content reflects content-related points that a student might make but is not an exhaustive list. Nor is it a model answer. Students may make some or none of the points included in the indicative content as its purpose is as a guide for the relevance and expectation of the responses. Students must be credited for any appropriate response.

2) Levels-based descriptors Each level is made up of a number of traits which when combined together articulate the quality of response that a student needs to demonstrate. The traits progress across the levels to demonstrate the different expectations of each level. When using a levels-based mark scheme, the ‘best fit’ approach should be used.

Applying the levels-based descriptors

Examiners should take a ‘best fit’ approach to determining the mark.

● Examiners should first make a holistic judgement on which level most closely matches the student’s response. Students will be placed in the level that best describes their answer. Answers can display characteristics from more than one level, and where this happens markers must use any additional guidance (e.g. weighting of traits) and their professional judgement to decide which level is most appropriate.

● The mark awarded within the level will be decided based on the quality of the answer and will be modified according to how securely all traits are displayed at that level:

o Marks will be awarded at the top of that level if the student has evidenced each of the descriptor traits securely.

o Where the response does not securely meet all traits, the marks should be awarded based on how closely the descriptor has been met.



Question Number

Answer

Mark

1 (a) Award one mark for each appropriate person/organisation, up to a maximum of two marks.

• The land owner (1)

• The Civil Aviation Authority / CAA (1)

• The Local Authority (1)

• Ministry of Defence (1)

Accept any other appropriate/alternative response. (2)

Question Number

Answer

Mark

1 (b) Award one mark for each linked description, up to a maximum of two marks.

• The conditions of contract set out the duties and responsibilities of both parties (1) before and throughout the contract duration (1)

• The conditions of contract state the rights and obligations of both parties (1) and allocate the risks and costs to both parties/to avoid costly litigation/a framework for conflict resolution (1)

• The conditions of contract set out the details for payment (1) allowing the developer and the surveyor to forecast cashflow (1)


Question Number

Answer

Mark

1 (c) Award one mark for the identification of a responsibility of the construction company under the Wildlife and Countryside Act for the proposed development and one mark for an appropriate justification for that responsibility, up to a maximum of four marks.

• The company would need to check if the animals are protected species (1) which might result in parts of the land not being able to be built on/delays to the design and construction processes (1)

• If animals are protected they might need to recreate landforms and features elsewhere (1) so that the displaced animals would have a habitat of comparable quantity or quality/resulting in costly animal relocation (1)




Question Number

Answer

Mark

1 (d) Award one mark for each appropriate linked description, up to a maximum of three marks.

• The construction company could avoid carrying out work where

the plants are located (1) by designing the layout of the industrial estate so that areas where the protected plants are is not destroyed (1) and by making sure site traffic is minimised/rerouted around such plants (1)

• The construction company could offset potential damage to the plants by moving the plants to a temporary location during works (1) and then contract a landscape architect/ecologist to carry out landscaping once construction is completed(1) before restoring the protected plants to their original site (1)

Accept any other appropriate/alternative response.

(3)

Question Number

Answer

Mark

2 (a) Only acceptable answers:

i) insulation (1)

ii) hardcore/stone/crusher run/MOT type 1 (1)

(2)



Question number

Answer Mark

2(b) Only acceptable answers.

i)

(ii)

Answer

(2)

Question Number

Answer

Mark

2 (c) Award one mark for each appropriate linked description, up to a maximum of two marks.

• Financial business objective to control cost/achieve value for money (1) which allows the organisation to ensure funds have been used in the most cost-effective manner (1)

• Meeting government standards for social inclusion (1) by representing the community that it serves (1)

• A not-for-profit organisation is not required to show a financial surplus, but they need to generate enough income to cover their costs (1) which they can do by generating income through the delivery from specialised courses, which the local area needs (1)


(2)



Question Number

Answer

Mark

2 (d) Award one mark for a reason why it is important that the architect and structural engineering contractor communicate regularly and one mark for an appropriate justification of that reason, up to a maximum of two marks.

• Regular communication should ensure that the building is able to be constructed as designed (1) so the design will develop taking in to account the expertise of both the architect and the structural engineer (1)

• Communication with the structural engineer can result in the architect producing a more economical/buildable design (1) since potential clashes in construction detail can be avoided (1)


(2)

Question Number

Answer

Mark

2 (e) Award one mark for the identification of a benefit of portal frames for future proofing buildings and one mark for an appropriate justification of that benefit, up to a maximum of four marks.

• Portal frames have a modular structure made up from standard elements (1) which would allow further bays to be added at a later date should the building need to be extended to accommodate larger class sizes (1)

• Portal frames do not have internal load-bearing walls (1) meaning that the interior layout can be changed without altering the structural integrity of the building if the building needs to be converted from a workshop into classrooms (1)

• The structure can be designed to allow for a future mezzanine floor to be added (1) which would allow the building to be converted to two storeys in order to accommodate more teaching space without adding intermediate columns (1)

Accept any other appropriate/alternative responses. Answers will only be accepted if qualified with information from the context of the question. Do not accept benefits that do not apply to this context, e.g. prefabrication.

(4)



Question Number

Answer

Mark

3 (a) Award one mark for the identification of an appropriate method of tendering and one mark for an appropriate justification of that method, up to maximum of two marks.

• A single-stage design and build selective tender (1) which would be appropriate if the property investment company has used contractors previously that could complete all the design and build work (1)

• A two-stage selective design and build tender (1) which would allow a main contractor to be appointed who would take on much of the design work and risk for the construction of the shopping centre (1)

• A construction management tender (1) which would cover both pre-construction and construction activities allowing the project to be managed by a contractor that has an overview of all on-site activities (1)

Accept any other appropriate/alternative responses. Answers will only be accepted if qualified with information from the context of the question. Do not accept methods that do not apply to this context, e.g. custom build, measured works or negotiation.

(2)

https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Construction

https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Construction_activities



Question Number

Answer

Mark

3 (b) Award one mark for the identification of a way that the shopping centre could be designed to take into consideration the future effects of climate change and one mark for an appropriate justification of the way the shopping centre could be designed, up to maximum of four marks.

• The shopping centre can be designed to make effective use of passive techniques to control the internal temperature (1) which would compensate for the heat gains associated with large glazed areas that are common for shopping centres (1)

• The shopping centre could be designed to use materials that have a higher thermal mass for the external walls that are not protected by other buildings (1) so that the effects of greater variations between high and low temperatures from open land is minimised (1)

• The shopping centre could be designed to allow rainwater harvesting from the large roof area (1) so that this natural resource can be used, which would otherwise be discharged into the drainage system (1)

• The use of a sustainable urban drainage system (SUDs) within the parking areas of the shopping centre (1) which prevents flooding by delaying the discharge of rainfall to mains drainage/allow for natural percolation to the ground (1)

Accept any other appropriate/alternative responses. Answers will only be accepted if qualified with information from the context of the question.

Do not accept ways that do not apply to this context, e.g. internal lighting.

(4)

Question number

Working Answer Notes Mark

3 (c) Bricks

60 x (375/1000) x 1.05 = £23.63 Mortar

0.027 x 63.20 x 1.05 = £1.79

Labour (1.25x13.50 + 0.625x11)

= 16.875 + 6.875 = £23.75 Total unit rate (m2) = 23.63 + 1.79 + 23.75 = £49.17

£ 49.17 M1 for cost of bricks

M2 for cost of mortar

M3 for cost of labour

A1 for correct answer for unit rate

(4)



Accept any other appropriate method.

Question Number

Indicative content:

Mark

4 Students might refer to some/all of the following in their responses, but students should be rewarded for other pertinent contextualised answers.

Excavation ● The contractor could use damping down during excavations to

prevent dust from being carried to the gardens and potentially damaging the wildlife.

● Wheel washing could be used to prevent earth/mud being left on roads within and around the theme park, which would not be attractive to visitors.

● Excavation works could be scheduled for the time when the theme park is quieter/closed so that large vehicles will be able to access the site without needing to consider access for the public to other parts of the theme park and gardens.

Steel works ● Lifting activities using cranes should be scheduled for times when

the theme park is closed or there are fewer visitors to reduce the risk to visitors.

● The new ride can be designed so that off-site fabrication is used as much as possible and that joints can be welded rather than bolted, as this is a quieter process that will be less disruptive given the site is close to peaceful areas of the theme park.

● Fewer deliveries could be made to the site by having multiple parts of the new ride supplied at the same time and then stored on-site to reduce the number and distance of delivery journeys.

Construction of buildings ● Concrete for the foundations of the buildings will create dust

therefore these could be poured in as few operations as possible and when the theme park is quieter.

● Working with concrete and cement should be avoided when the theme park is busy as the dust from both of these is invisible to the eye and will be carried in the air to the gardens and lake.

● Activities that involve paints/finishes with hazardous vapours should be completed when the theme park is quiet/closed as these could be harmful to visitors in the gardens/lake.



Use of equipment/vehicles ● Noise can be reduced on-site by making sure that the tools and

equipment used during all construction activities are well maintained and quiet to operate to reduce noise pollution in the quieter parts of the theme park.

● Fuel for plant/vehicles could be stored in bunded tanks to reduce the possibility of fuel leaking and polluting the lake/affecting the gardens.

● Absorbent mats can be used for vehicle fueling/parking areas to prevent fuel/oil leaching in to the ground and polluting the lake and ground.

Expansion that can be used to justify judgements relating to each form of construction. ● The location of the new ride will be close to environments that are

sensitive to air/ground pollution so the methods used should be aimed at reducing these types of contaminant reaching the lake and gardens.

● A combination of approaches such as the planning of deliveries and construction techniques should be used to reduce the amount of noise created during the construction phase of the project.

● All equipment and vehicles should be maintained to a high standard to reduce the emissions and noise that are created and thus reduce impacts on visitors.

● As the new ride is surrounded by existing attractions the use of hoardings will divert noise and emissions away from areas of the theme park that are otherwise considered to be peaceful/quiet.


(9)



Level Mark Descriptor for a level 3 student

0 0 No rewardable material.

1 1–3 ● Demonstrates a basic analysis of the situation by superficially breaking down the different aspects into component parts (AO3a).

● Demonstrates basic application of knowledge and understanding that is partially relevant to the context of the question (AO2).

● Demonstrates a basic evaluation which partially considers different factors/events and competing points, leading to a conclusion which is superficial or unsupported (AO3b).

2 4–6 ● Demonstrates a good analysis of the situation by breaking down the different aspects into component parts (AO3a).

● Demonstrates good application of knowledge and understanding that is relevant to the context of the question (AO2).

● Demonstrates a good evaluation which considers different factors/events and competing points, leading to a conclusion which is partially supported (AO3b).

3 7–9 ● Demonstrates a thorough analysis of the situation by comprehensively breaking down the different aspects into their component parts (AO3a).

● Demonstrates comprehensive application of knowledge and understanding that is consistently relevant to the context of the question (AO2).

● Demonstrates a thorough evaluation which comprehensively considers different factors/events and competing points, leading to a conclusion which is well supported (AO3b).



Section B Question Number

Answer

Mark

5 (a) Award one mark for the identification of a reason for using a collaborative approach between stakeholders and one mark for an appropriate justification of that reason, up to a maximum of four marks.

• It allows the various stakeholders to set goals/objectives /budgets together (1) which allows decision making to be informed by the needs of all parties (1)

• Decision making becomes a shared task between the various stakeholders (1) which has the effect of reducing conflicts during the construction phase of the project (1)

• Plans/schedules/deadlines are developed by the whole team collectively (1) which helps to ensure that the project is delivered on time/within budget (1)

• All stakeholders want to meet common targets and achieve project objectives (1) because they all share the risk as well as the reward for the project (1)

• Communication with community stakeholders provides opportunities for local issues to be raised (1) which will enable the views of the community to input into the methods/timings of operations used on-site (1)

Accept any other appropriate/alternative responses.

(4)

Question Number

Answer

Mark

5 (b) Award one mark for an identification of a way that KPIs can be used to complete the project before the deadline, one mark for an appropriate justification of that way and one mark for further expansion of the justification, up to a maximum of three marks.

• KPIs can be used to monitor how resources/subcontractors are employed on-site (1) so that these are used more efficiently to meet the deadlines the contractor has set themselves (1) since all parts of the hotel and sports facilities will need to be completed by this time (1)

• Historical KPIs from other hotel projects can be used to make comparisons between them (1) so that data from these projects can be used to identify particular problems that are likely to be encountered when building the hotel/sports facilities (1) which the contractor can then mitigate against so that the project is completed in time to trigger the bonus payments (1)


Do not accept a way that KPIs can be used for other aspects of a project, e.g. material specifications or quality targets.

(3)



Question number

Working Answer Notes Mark

5 (c) Calculate the length of the sloping floor L = √(0.72+62) or √36.49 L = 6.04m

Total length of the walls and floor 2 + 2 + 1.3 + 6.04

= 11.34m Area of ends and floor

= 11.34 x 4 = 45.36m2

Area of each side wall 8x2 - 0.5x(6x0.7)

or (2x2) + (1.3x6) + (0.5x6x0.7) = 13.9 m2

Total area

45.36 + 13.9 + 13.9 = 73.16m2 = 73.2m2

73.2m2 M1 for calculating the length of the sloping floor A1 for length of sloping floor

A2 for total length of the floor and wall

A3 for area of walls and floor

A4 for the area of each side wall

A5 for correct value for total area

(6)



Question Number

Indicative content:

Mark

5 (d) Students might refer to some/all of the following in their responses, but students should be rewarded for other pertinent contextualised answers.

Windows and doors • The location of the entrance could be such that it is in the

centre of the facade rather than offset to one side, which would provide more balance to the design of the restaurant.

• The windows are large and eye-catching, which would draw visitors to the restaurant although they could be more prominent if the frames were painted a brighter/more contrasting colour or decorative glass was used.

• Since the entrance is not obvious, the doors could be made more prominent as currently it is set back and not clearly seen by potential diners and could be mistaken for access to other facilities.

• More effective use could be made of the canopies over the windows to draw the attention of people in the resort, potentially by using a colour scheme that contrasts with the walls as opposed to blending in to the surroundings.

Other features • The wall above the entrance provides an aesthetic focus that

could be repeated at the other end of the façade. • The facade has columns that are symmetrical about the centre,

however these are not clearly defined between the windows so could be made more prominent.

• The columns are designed to be features, however the relief of the design does not allow them to stand out and therefore these could be enhanced to provide more visual effect for the restaurant.

• Creative use of external lighting could result in the restaurant being more visible and appealing in the evening when the facility would also be used by people staying at the resort.

Materials • The materials used could be of a high specification to give a

more expensive appearance to the restaurant to encourage more visitors to dine there.

• There could be increased use of contrasting colours/materials to allow the restaurant to stand out from other buildings that surround it, as the proposed materials blend in to the environment.


(6)



Level Mark Descriptor








Question Number

Answer

Mark

6 (a) Award one mark for the identification of a way in which TQM will help the contractor meet the requirements of the university and one mark for an appropriate justification of that way, up to a maximum of four marks.

• The contractor can aim to implement a culture of quality where employees would look for ways to improve processes (1) which in turn would lead to a building that meets the university’s high quality specification (1)

• TQM includes feedback from all levels of personnel (1) which allows the university to meet the demands of its diverse stakeholders (1)

• TQM promotes a culture of working together to solve problems (1) which allows the university to meet deadlines and avoid delays that could cause the offices to not be available at the agreed date (1)


Do not accept benefits that do not apply to this context, e.g. management approaches.

(4)



Question Number

Answer/

Mark

6 (b) Award one mark for each identification of risk for potential contractors at the tender stage and one mark for an appropriate justification of that risk for the contractor, up to a maximum of four marks.

• The full scope of the project would not be known to the specialist contractor due to a lack of full information (1) which could result in the specialist contractor not being able to fulfil the contract should the scope of the installation change once they have submitted a tender (1)

• Schedules and drawings would only include information about the quantity and location of parts of the communication network (1) meaning that the specialist contractor would not have sufficient information available to them to be able to accurately estimate the cost of the project (1)

• The contractor would need to make decisions related to those factors that have not been included in the provided documentation such as the duration of the project (1) which in turn may result in submitting a tender based on these assumptions that is not in line with the requirements of the university client (1)

• The specialist contractor will have to produce their own quantities based on the provided drawings and schedules (1) which means they will bear the risk of any errors and omissions in the measurement of specialised equipment and construction of an academic environment (1)

Accept any other appropriate/alternative response. Answers will only be accepted if qualified with information from the context of the question.

Do not accept risks that do not apply to this context, e.g. variations at later stages of the project.

(4)



Question Number

Answer

Mark

6 (c) Award one mark for the identification of a benefit of carrying out a life cycle assessment of materials and one mark for an appropriate justification of that benefit and one mark for further expansion, up to maximum of three marks.

• A life cycle assessment of the materials would allow them to be compared with respect to their effects on the environment at different stages of their lifespan (1) so that those materials that have the lowest overall impact on the environment across the life of the project can be specified (1) which would allow the university to achieve its goal of improving the sustainability of its projects (1)

• The life cycle assessment would be able to identify the various materials that combine within the components that will be used in a project (1) so that materials can be specified that are able to conserve natural resources by reducing the need for raw materials (1) which would allow the university to promote the sustainability agenda within the wider community (1)


Do not accept benefits that do not apply to this context, e.g. related to the manufacture of products.

(3)

Question Number

Indicative content:

Mark

6(d) Award one mark for the identification of one way that lean construction could be used to make the project more sustainable and one mark for an appropriate justification of that way and one mark for further expansion, up to maximum of three marks.

• Materials can be scheduled to arrive ‘just in time’ (1) which would mean there is a reduced need for storage on-site (1) and would also prevent over-ordering, which would result in less need for raw materials (1)

• Standardised approaches could be implemented for work activities (1) which reduce the amount of defects during construction (1) which would reduce the amount of rectification work required to meet the university’s high- quality specification (1)


Do not accept benefits that do not apply to this context, e.g. site planning and set up.

(3)



Question Number

Indicative content:

Mark

6 (e) An orthographic drawing that includes an image drawn with a ruler or freehand. Marks to be awarded for the following.

• Accurate setting out of the overall form of the office block (columns, flat roof and curved roof) (1)

• Accurate proportion of the office block (width, and height) (1) • Correct application of orthographic drawing conventions and

techniques (1) Correct positioning and proportion of the following features (maximum 3 marks)

• Canopy over door (1) • Correct position of doors (1) • Windows on the ground floor (1) • Panels and ventilation gaps on upper walls (1) • Left-hand column increasing in width from ground to roof height

(1)

Example response

(6)



Question

Number

Indicative content:

Mark

7 Students will explain some/all of the following in their responses, but students should be rewarded for other pertinent contextualised answers.

Environmental benefits

• Redevelopment of the mill building should make the building safer as it will be maintained and less likely to become dilapidated over time as it could if left empty.

• Redeveloping the mill would remove a potential location for antisocial behaviour/graffiti/vandalism, which is often associated with vacant industrial properties.

• Redeveloping the mill would allow it to become a focal point for the community as it would maintain the industrial heritage of the area.

• Redevelopment for housing would remove the possibility of the site being used for further industrial use, which would remove the potential for large goods vehicles travelling in the residential area on a daily basis.

• The redevelopment would help to conserve the local industrial heritage as the listed status would prevent significant alterations being made to the envelope of the mill.

Social benefits

• The redevelopment of the mill could result in more employment in the local construction industry and other related industries, which could then be fed back into the local economy.

• The occupiers of the apartments are likely to have significant disposable income, which would contribute to improvements in the local economy.

• Residents of the apartments would contribute to the local area through payment of taxes, which in turn could be used by the local authority to improve local amenities.

• Residents are likely to migrate to the mill apartments from other areas, which may cause a general uplift and make the area more desirable for further development.

• Increasing population numbers are likely to make the area attractive for new retail/services/education facilities, which would benefit the wider local community as a whole.



Expansion that can be used to justify judgements relating to the benefits of the redevelopment of the mill.

• The redeveloped mill has the potential to become a focal point

in the community and cause further inward investment by developers if the scheme is successful.

• There is likely to be some element of job creation both in construction and also management of the apartment building since developments of this type tend to be of serviced properties.

• The refurbishment could likely attract further commercial opportunities such as retail/cafes/services, which would draw further economic wealth into the local area.

• The aesthetic qualities of the existing mill would be retained, which ensures the character of the building would not degrade, which potentially would happen if the building remained vacant.

• The redevelopment of the mill would prevent the area from being attractive for antisocial behaviour as land with residential use tends to be occupied at all times and would therefore increase safety/security for all local residents.


(9)



Level Mark Descriptor for a level 3 student













Question

Number

Indicative content:

Mark

8 Students might refer to some/all of the following in their responses, but students should be rewarded for other pertinent contextualised answers

Brick and block construction

• Brick and block are heavyweight materials that are not generally considered to be sustainable, however their thermal mass allows them to absorb heat and retain it so may reduce the need for heating/ventilation because room temperatures are relatively stable.

• Brick and block is a traditional method of construction that would allow the new house to be in keeping with the architecture of the local built environment as homes built in the 1930s would likely to have external brick walls.

• Insulation materials that are from sustainable sources could be used in a cavity to reduce the heat losses through the external walls and thus reduce energy use for heating.

• Heavyweight construction is suitable for a typical UK climate, which can have a wide range of temperatures throughout the year and also be exposed to heavy rainfall and frosts.

• Bricks are durable and can be reclaimed/recycled, which could be used for the new house reducing the amount of new materials used.

• Heavyweight construction would be relatively slow to build as the inner and outer skins would need to be constructed although the client has not specified a timescale for completion.

• Heavyweight construction is resistant to moisture, so the risk of interstitial condensation is diminished, which would prevent long-term damage to the fabric of the building resulting in a value for money solution over the lifespan of the building.

Timber framed construction

• The house would need to have a less powerful heating system as it is possible to construct timber framed houses that have few air gaps promoting sustainability as this reduces energy usage.

• Timber framed panels can be prefabricated to an exact specification and then brought to site, resulting in improved quality assurance over brickwork, less time and labour on-site and faster build time.

• Timber frames might need to be delivered to site by lorry if prefabricated and the use of cranes might prove to be difficult as the site is surrounded by existing properties.

• Timber frames can be made from materials from renewable sources, which increases their sustainability and also reduces the embodied energy in them.



• Timber framed walls might need to be relatively thick to provide the amount of insulation required to meet required U-values for an energy efficient and sustainable house.

• Polystyrene or urethene are often used as insulation materials in timber framed buildings and these are not considered to be sustainable materials.

• Timber framed houses can be clad with brick effect slips to give the effect of a traditional brick building, which would allow the house to blend with the architecture of the surrounding properties.

• Timber framed panels need to incorporate a vapour controlled membrane to avoid issues related to interstitial condensation, which would otherwise cause the timber to rot and reduce the lifespan of the building.

Expansion that can be used to justify judgements relating to each type of construction.

• Both forms of construction could provide high levels of thermal comfort for residents of the house if they incorporate effective insulation either in the cavity or in timber framed panels, which would reduce the amount of energy needed for heating and cooling systems making the house more sustainable.

• The client has not specified the intended lifespan of the house, however a heavyweight design would tend to have a longer service life and offer better levels of durability against the environment thus leading to a better value for money solution.

• Both forms of construction could make use of sustainable materials, however timber framed panels will be manufactured from renewable sources making them more sustainable than concrete blocks manufactured from finite sources.

• A lightweight house would be able to be constructed in a shorter timescale than the heavyweight house and would have lower overall construction costs due to the timescale and also the materials used.

• Both forms of construction could be designed to be in keeping with the local area if brick is used for the outer skin of the cavity wall or brick-effect cladding on the timber framed panels.

• Brick and block has a better reputation and timber framed housing has a negative public perception, which could affect the sale value of the property should the client decide to sell at a later date.


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Level Mark Descriptor

0 0 No rewardable content.










The 2nd trait (AO2) carries twice as much weighting as traits 1 and 3.

Paper 2: Construction Industry and Sustainability – Mark ...

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