PAP Bio 8/31-9/4

Don’t forget to

do you jobs!!!!!

• WU

• Biosphere

PowerPoint

• Study and work

on objectivesHW: No change in tb reading and assigned SG pgs

Computer/copier paper

Optional Project: Biomes Foldable due 9/17-18

EcologyEcology

THE STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP THE STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AN ORGANISM AND BETWEEN AN ORGANISM AND ITS’ ENVIRONMENT IS CALLEDITS’ ENVIRONMENT IS CALLED

ECOLOGYECOLOGY

BiosphereBiosphere

• While the earth is huge, life is found in While the earth is huge, life is found in a very narrow layer, called the a very narrow layer, called the biosphere. If the earth could be biosphere. If the earth could be shrunk to the size of an apple, the shrunk to the size of an apple, the biosphere would be no thicker than biosphere would be no thicker than the apple's skin.the apple's skin.

• The biosphere, like the human body, The biosphere, like the human body, is made up of systems that interact is made up of systems that interact and are dependent on each other. and are dependent on each other.

EcosystemEcosystem• The biosphere’s systems are called The biosphere’s systems are called

ECOSYSTEMS.ECOSYSTEMS.

• AllAll ecosystems must have a constant ecosystems must have a constant source of energy source of energy (usually the sun) (usually the sun) and and cycles or systems to reuse raw cycles or systems to reuse raw materials. Examples are the water, materials. Examples are the water, nitrogen and carbon cycles.nitrogen and carbon cycles.

• An ecosystem is made up of all the An ecosystem is made up of all the biotic or living and the abiotic or non-biotic or living and the abiotic or non-living components in a given area.living components in a given area.

The The nonliving nonliving things things in an environment in an environment are called are called ABIOTIC ABIOTIC factors. factors.

Examples of abiotic Examples of abiotic factors are sunlight ,factors are sunlight ,temperature, temperature, rainfall, climate and rainfall, climate and soil conditions. soil conditions.

Abiotic FactorsAbiotic Factors

• Biotic factorsBiotic factors are all the living things or are all the living things or their materials that directly or indirectly their materials that directly or indirectly affect an organism in its environment.   affect an organism in its environment.   This would include organisms, their This would include organisms, their presence, parts, interaction, and wastes.  presence, parts, interaction, and wastes.  Factors such as parasitism, disease, and Factors such as parasitism, disease, and predation (one animal eating another) predation (one animal eating another) would also be classified as biotic factors.would also be classified as biotic factors.

Some Biotic FactorsSome Biotic Factors

• parasitism parasitism • disease disease • predationpredation

Biotic FactorsBiotic Factors

PopulationPopulation

• A population is all the members of a A population is all the members of a given species in a given area. given species in a given area.

Example - All the turtles in Town Lake. Example - All the turtles in Town Lake.

CommunityCommunity• Community - all the species in a Community - all the species in a

given area. given area. Example - all the living things in Example - all the living things in Town LakeTown Lake

Ecological NicheEcological Niche

• A plant's or animal's A plant's or animal's ecological nicheecological niche is a is a way of life that is unique to that species.way of life that is unique to that species.

• Niche and habitat are not the same. While Niche and habitat are not the same. While

many species may share a habitat, this is many species may share a habitat, this is not true of a niche. Each plant and animal not true of a niche. Each plant and animal species is a member of a community. species is a member of a community.

• The niche describes the species' role or The niche describes the species' role or function within this community.function within this community.

• For example, the red fox's habitat, which might For example, the red fox's habitat, which might include forest edges, meadows and the bank of include forest edges, meadows and the bank of a river, is shared with many animals . a river, is shared with many animals .

• The niche of the red fox is that of a predator The niche of the red fox is that of a predator which feeds on the small mammals, amphibians, which feeds on the small mammals, amphibians, insects, and fruit found in this habitat. Red foxes insects, and fruit found in this habitat. Red foxes are active at night. They provide blood for are active at night. They provide blood for blackflies and mosquitoes, and are host to blackflies and mosquitoes, and are host to numerous diseases. The scraps, or carrion, left numerous diseases. The scraps, or carrion, left behind after a fox's meal provide food for many behind after a fox's meal provide food for many small scavengers and decomposers. This, then, small scavengers and decomposers. This, then, is the ecological niche of the red fox. is the ecological niche of the red fox.

• Only the red fox occupies this niche in the Only the red fox occupies this niche in the meadow-forest edge communities. In other plant meadow-forest edge communities. In other plant communities different species of animal may communities different species of animal may occupy a similar niche to that of the red fox. occupy a similar niche to that of the red fox.