Paola Di Donato Paola Di Donato Associate Researcher Agro-industry vegetable residues valorisation :...
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Transcript of Paola Di Donato Paola Di Donato Associate Researcher Agro-industry vegetable residues valorisation :...
Paola Di DonatoPaola Di DonatoAssociate ResearcherAssociate Researcher
Agro-industry vegetable residues valorisation : Agro-industry vegetable residues valorisation : a waste biorefinery a waste biorefinery
Institute of Biomolecular ChemistryVia Campi Flegrei 34, (80078) Napoli - ITALY
Institute of Biomolecular ChemistryVia Campi Flegrei 34, (80078) Napoli - ITALY
November 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, ItalyNovember 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy
31 institutes 31 institutes
31 institutes31 institutes
45 institutes45 institutes
Naples Naples Rome Rome
Sassari Sassari
Catania Catania
Padova Padova
Institute of Biomolecular ChemistryPozzuoli, Napoli
Institute of Biomolecular ChemistryPozzuoli, Napoli
November 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, ItalyNovember 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy
•Born in 1967 as “Istituto per la Chimica e Fisica delle Molecole di Interesse Biologico” (ICMIB), “Institute for the Chemistry and Physics of Biologically Interesting Molecules”.
• In 2002 it moved to the new building in Pozzuoli (NA) and took the name of “Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB-CNR)”. Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry that today includes also the Roma, Catania, Sassari and Padova branches.
• Main research activities in ICB are in the fields of organic chemistry, biochemistry and microbiology with main topics including environmental, pharmaceutical, food and biotechnological applications.
November 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, ItalyNovember 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy
According the Directive 2001/77/EC of the According the Directive 2001/77/EC of the European Community biomass is “the European Community biomass is “the biodegradable fraction of products, waste and biodegradable fraction of products, waste and residues from agriculture (including vegetal residues from agriculture (including vegetal and animal substances), forestry and related and animal substances), forestry and related industries, as well as the biodegradable industries, as well as the biodegradable fraction of industrial and municipal waste”fraction of industrial and municipal waste”
According the Directive 2001/77/EC of the According the Directive 2001/77/EC of the European Community European Community biomassbiomass is “the is “the biodegradable fraction of products, biodegradable fraction of products, waste and waste and residuesresidues from agriculture (including vegetal from agriculture (including vegetal and animal substances), forestry and related and animal substances), forestry and related industries, as well as the biodegradable industries, as well as the biodegradable fraction of industrial and municipal waste”fraction of industrial and municipal waste”
Agro-industry residues: a waste biomassAgro-industry residues: a waste biomass
Source: http://www.ecomena.org/biomass-resources-in-middle-east/Source: http://www.ecomena.org/biomass-resources-in-middle-east/
November 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, ItalyNovember 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy
BIOMASS QUANTITY
Animal residues 150.000.000 t/y
Agro-industrial wastes 12.000.000 t/y
Slaughter wastes 1.000.000 t/y
Sewage sludges 3.000.000 t/y
Municipal wastes (organic fraction) 9.000.000 t/y
Forestry and crop residues 10.000.000 t/y
(source: C.R.P.A., Animal Production Research Centre, Italy)
Residual biomass: yearly production in ItalyResidual biomass: yearly production in Italy
November 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, ItalyNovember 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy
Industry Biomass available(thousand tons/year)
Actual re-use strategy
Wood transformation 4.400 Energy production
Wood recycling 8.000 Energy production
Paper Industry 270 Energy production
Food Oil 450 Energy, composting
Winery 450 Energy, composting
Canning and market packaging
340Energy, composting
Rice transformation 330 Energy, composting
(source: Itabia )
Agro-industry residual biomass in Italy: yearly amounts Agro-industry residual biomass in Italy: yearly amounts
November 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, ItalyNovember 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy
Environmental problem
Economical issue
by-products that can represent the starting material for other processes raw materials not in competition with food chain
proteins, fibres, polysaccharides, sugars, polyphenols, carotenoids
drugs nutraceuticals
cosmetics
biopolymers
biofuels
Agro-industry residual biomass: a resource that Agro-industry residual biomass: a resource that can be valorisedcan be valorised
…. but a significant fraction of biomolecules is lost after industrial processing, being discarded
into the residual matter…..
November 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, ItalyNovember 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy
The biorefinery approachThe biorefinery approach
Adapted from Kamm, B.; Kamm, M. (2004). Principles of Biorefineries. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (AMB), 64: 137-145.
BIOMASSBIOMASS
TransformatioTransformation n
technologiestechnologies
Energy and Energy and chemicalschemicals
• Food industry wastes (vegetables processing residues)• Agriculture and crop residues
•Bioprocesses (bacteria, enzymes)•Chemical Processes•Physical Processes
•Biofuels•Antioxidants•Biopolymers
Agro-industry residual biomass: a resource that Agro-industry residual biomass: a resource that can be valorisedcan be valorised
November 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, ItalyNovember 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy
Agro-industry wastes biorefinery: ongoing research Agro-industry wastes biorefinery: ongoing research at the Institute of Biomolecular Chemistryat the Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry
Crop production Industry Waste fraction
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
5.125.000 t/y Canning for juice and paste 1,8-2,3 %
(peels, seeds, immature and damaged fruits)
Lemon (Citrus limon)
488.000 t/y Liquor production 60 %
(peels, pulps)
Carrot (Daucus carota)
630.000 t/y Packing for whole sale market;
juices production 30-40 %
(immature or damaged fruits)
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. Dulce)
600.000 t/y Packing for whole sale market 40 %
(leaves, damaged fruits)
Data from INRAN (Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione)
dry waste gross dry waste gross compositioncompositionTomato Lemon Carrot Fennel
November 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, ItalyNovember 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy
Polysaccharides recovery
II generation bioethanol
Antioxidants recovery
Agro-industry wastes biorefinery: ongoing research Agro-industry wastes biorefinery: ongoing research at the Institute of Biomolecular Chemistryat the Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry
November 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, ItalyNovember 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy
Isolation of tomato’s wastes polysaccharidesIsolation of tomato’s wastes polysaccharides
Tomato waste peels
November 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, ItalyNovember 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy
Alkali treatment at r.t.
Polysaccharide
MW (Da)>1.000.000; High viscosity; High thermal resistance; []D25-0,189.0
Glc/Xil/Gal/GalN/GlcN/Fuc (1:0.9:0.5:0.4:0.2:tr)
Chemical and physical characterization of
isolated polysaccharides
Container and object constructionInnovative material for
containers or for green house applications
•Collaboration with Dr. Mario Malinconico and Dr. Barbara Immirzi (ICTP – CNR)
November 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, ItalyNovember 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy
Isolation of tomato’s wastes polysaccharidesIsolation of tomato’s wastes polysaccharides
Tomato waste peels
Alkali treatment at r.t.
Polysaccharide
biotechnological applications
Biodegradable film for solarization or mulching
applications•Collaboration with Dr. Mario Malinconico and Dr. Barbara
Immirzi (ICTP – CNR)
Incorrect regulation of NF-κB has been linked to cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, et cetera Incorrect regulation of NF-κB has been linked to cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, et cetera
biological propertiesInhibition of NF-kB/DNA binding
activity
alkali/acid extractionalkali/acid extraction
POLYSACCHARIDES
vegetable wastes polysaccharides extraction: vegetable wastes polysaccharides extraction: ongoing researchongoing research
fennel residues
•Structural analysis (MW;
monomer composition;
spectroscopic analysis)
•Thermogravimetrical
analysis November 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, ItalyNovember 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy
lemon wastes
(pomace) carrot residues
Biotechnological applications
Biological properties
•Maceration•Ultrasound assisted•Microwaves assisted
Polysaccharides recovery
II generation bioethanol
Antioxidants recovery
Agro-industry wastes biorefinery: ongoing research Agro-industry wastes biorefinery: ongoing research at the Institute of Biomolecular Chemistryat the Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry
November 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, ItalyNovember 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy
MeOH; EtOH; MeOH/H2O; EtOH/H2O
POLYPHENOLS
vegetable wastes polyphenols extraction: vegetable wastes polyphenols extraction: ongoing researchongoing research
•Structural analysis •Antioxidant and radical scavenging activities •Biological activity assay
November 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, ItalyNovember 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy
Biotechnological applications
Biological properties
•Maceration•Ultrasound assisted•Microwaves assisted
tomato residues fennel residues lemon wastes
(pomace) carrot residues
Vegetable wastes polyphenols Vegetable wastes polyphenols extractionextraction
Project PON01_01966 Integrated agro-industrial chains with high energy efficiency for
the development of eco-compatible processes of energy and biochemicals production from renewable sources and for the
land valorisation (EnerbioChem)
work in work in progressprogress…..…..
Naples Naples UniversityUniversity
““Federico II”Federico II” November 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, ItalyNovember 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy
Agro-industry wastes biorefinery: ongoing research Agro-industry wastes biorefinery: ongoing research at the Institute of Biomolecular Chemistryat the Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry
Polysaccharides recovery
II generation bioethanol
Antioxidants recovery
November 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, ItalyNovember 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy
Agro-industry wastes: production of enzymes for Agro-industry wastes: production of enzymes for second generation bioethanol from second generation bioethanol from
extremophilesextremophiles
•Vegetable wastes under investigation: potato peels, carrot, Vegetable wastes under investigation: potato peels, carrot, tomato, tomato, sugar beet pulp, starch and sugar beet molasses
Bilateral Project Italy-TurkeyBilateral Project Italy-Turkey““Extremophiles Extremophiles for Next-Generation
Biofuels ””
Dr. Barbara Dr. Barbara NicolausNicolaus
Prof. Ebru Toksoy Prof. Ebru Toksoy OnerOner
November 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, ItalyNovember 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy
Yeasts Fermentation (Saccharomyces spp)
I generation bioethanol
dextrins
CH3CH2OH
Agro-industry wastes: production of second Agro-industry wastes: production of second generation bioethanolgeneration bioethanol
Starch degradation and sugar Fermentation by engineered yeasts: expression of raw starch degrading enzymes in Saccharomyces spp
Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation
II generation bioethanolWaste
Biomass*
glucose
* Not in competition with food chain
CH3CH2OH
Starch(energy crops)
Starch(energy crops)
November 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, ItalyNovember 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy
liquefaction by thermostable amylases (starch cooking)
T = 90-100°C
glucose
T = 45°C
saccharification by thermostable amylases
T = 65°C
synthetic media
Agro-industry wastes as culture media Agro-industry wastes as culture media for extremophiles’ fermentationfor extremophiles’ fermentation
Di Donato P., G. Fiorentino G., Anzelmo G., Tommonaro G., Nicolaus B., Poli A. 2011 “Waste
Biomass Valorization” 2: 103-111
tomatotomato
lemonlemon
Complex medium
Lemon medium
16.25 U/mg protein
6.375 U/mg protein
Agro-industry wastes: production of enzymes for Agro-industry wastes: production of enzymes for second generation bioethanol from second generation bioethanol from
extremophilesextremophiles
Geobacillus thermoleovorans
(strain PIZZOT)
Amylolytic thermophile
raw starch degrading amylase
(starch digestion to glucose without cooking
pre-treatment)
Optical microscopy observation of raw starch before (a) and after (b) digestion
by G. thermoleovorans amylase November 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, ItalyNovember 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy
wastes as culture media for amylase wastes as culture media for amylase productionproduction
Fibers and polysaccharides for biodegradable polymers productionBiomolecules for several applications: antioxidants and bioactive molecules for pharmaceutical, cosmetic or food applicationsMicroorganisms and enzymes for second generation biofuels production
by means of an integrated biorefinery approach waste biomass from agro-industry can be valorised to give
In conclusion…..In conclusion…..
November 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, ItalyNovember 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy
Dott. Barbara NicolausDott. Barbara NicolausDott. Annarita PoliDott. Annarita PoliDott. Licia LamaDott. Licia LamaDott. Giuseppina Dott. Giuseppina Tommonaro Tommonaro
“If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together”
African proverb
Thanks to….Thanks to….
November 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, ItalyNovember 20th, 2012 Città della Scienza, Naples, Italy
Prof. Ebru Toksoy Prof. Ebru Toksoy OnerOner
Thanks for Thanks for your your
attention!attention!
Thanks for Thanks for your your
attention!attention!Dott. Paola Di DonatoDott. Paola Di [email protected]
Grönlund-Nisunen - Wave of Matter 2012 Grönlund-Nisunen - Wave of Matter 2012