Panel on Electrical storage Supercapacitors · Supercapacitors Jesus Palma –Instituto IMDEA...

Panel on Electrical storage

Supercapacitors

Jesus Palma – Instituto IMDEA Energía

State of the art and technology

analysis

• ¿Which supercap technology offer the best compromise of economy, development level, reliability, etc.?

EDLC

Aqueous

• Low voltage <1.5 V.

• High ionic conductivity

• Low cost

• Environmentally friendly

• Commercial

Organic

• Higher voltage ~ 2.5 V

• Higher resistance

• Higher cost

• Toxicity, flammability

• Commercial

Ionic liquids

• Highest voltages ~3.5 V

• Highest resistance

• Highest cost

• Non volatile

• Under development


analysis

• ¿Which supercap technology offers the best compromise of economy, development level, reliability, etc.?


analysis

• ¿Which supercaptechnology offers the best compromise of economy, development level, reliability, etc.?


analysis

• When do supercapacitors end and batteries begin?


analysis

• Electronic availability to couple supercap based systems to the network as a standalone solution or with other technologies (batteries, flywheels, etc.). Are they commercially available or they are ad hoc developments?

Kim et al. IEEE Transactions on Multi-scale Computing Systems, 2017, 3, 12-24

Paper on modeling and optimization of a battery-supercapacitor hybrid electrical energy storage (HEES) system for the regulation service (RS) market.

Small amount of SCaps will increase annual revenue


analysis

• ¿Are there environmental friendly materials that make the technology attractive from the point of view of disposal and recycling?

• Avoid or reduce non-active materials • (casing, current collectors, separators…) • Conductive carbons, graphene, solid electrolytes

• Avoid organic solvents in electrolyte• Polymer electrolytes, Ionic liquids

• Reduce rare metals in electrodes• Nanostructured composites


analysis


Electrodes without Current Collectors


analysis


All solid / No casing

• Freestanding CNT

• Bucky papers (CNT, graphene)• Polymer electrolytes


analysis

• ¿How the performance and health of supercaps are assessed?


analysis

• ¿How the performance and health of supercaps are assessed?

• Accelerated aging tests• temperature, • floating overvoltage

• Transients to estimate SoH in batteries• differential voltaje NO• differential current NO• differential impedance YES

National context, knowledge gap,

expertise and infrastructure.

• ¿In which point is the technology in Mexico?

16682 documents from 2013 to 2017Mexico: 45 publications (45th)

Approximately 6,042 patents found in the Worldwide

database for: ultracap* or supercap* in the title or

abstract

Search in SIGA shows 23 patents in its database for:

ultracapacitor, ultracondensador, supercapacitor,

supercondensador



• Which international or national universities or research centers could collaborate to the quick adoption of the supercaps technology in Mexico? From which point of view?

Research & InnovationEU-Horizon 2020EU-IberoekaSpanish CDTI

Training & EducationEU-Marie CurieFundacion Carolina

AssociationsEERA – JPESEASE



• Short-term opportunities for Mexico? Field labs, experimental facilities, component manufacture and diagnosis?

• Short term: Testing and integration

• Mid term: Materials

• Long term: Manufacturing



• Required infrastructure

• Materials Science & Technology• Synthesis facilities and characterization equipment

• Prototyping/manufacturing• Similar to Li-ion batteries (inks preparation, calendaring, slitting and packing

• Testing• Low-power / high-power cyclers, climatic chambers

• Integration/hybridization• Converters for emulation of field applications (Smartgrids, PV, Wind…)

Scientific and technological challenges

• Development level and TRL of voltage and current balancing systems in supercaps banks?

• Wind Pitch Control TRL9• Frequency Regulation TRL7-8 • Voltage Control and Power Quality TRL7-8• Renewable Capacity Firming/Ramping TRL7-8• Peak Shaving and Load Leveling TRL7-8• Spinning Reserve TRL7-8


• How improve the per cell voltage? Which novel materials offer promising characteristics for their use in electrodes, electrolytes and separation membranes?


• Which novel materials offer promising characteristics for their use in electrodes, electrolytes and separation membranes?



Energy Environ. Sci., 2013, 6, 41–53

Graphene and their composites



ChemElectroChem,2017DOI:10.1002/celc.201700048.




J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014,2, 9142-9149

Flexible supercapacitors

Fiber-shape

Compressible

Stretchable

Self-healable

Transparent

Micro-supercapacitors



Scientific Reports | 6:22194 | DOI: 10.1038/srep22194

Conducting Polymers and their composites




Conducting Polymers and

their composites


• Which components represent the higher scientific and technological challenges to improve current technology? What are the limitations? (Processes, design, bank integration, useful life, others?)

• Electrolyte is the key to determine• R • Vmax

• Key performance parameter in SCs is internal resistance• 𝜏 = 𝑅𝐶 if C↑ then τ↑unless R↓

• 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 =𝑉2

4𝑅


• Maximum voltage levels (per cell, per stack, total capacitance?)

• Cells with ionic liquids/ polymer electrolytes voltages can provide >5V stability window

• Combined with high voltage cathodes (from advanced Li-ion) may reach 4V

• Capacitance can be boosted in 2D materials• Volumetric capacitance 900 F cm−3 / 500 F g−1

obtained in Ti3C2Tx (Mxene) electrode

NATURE REVIEWS | MATERIALS 2017, VOLUME 2, ARTICLE NUMBER 16098


• Cost expectations (dependency?)

• Current cost• 2000 – 6000 $/kWh. Voltage of modules

matters

• Cost reduction of about 15% per year

• Li-ion batteries show cost reductions in the range 8% - 15%

Ultracapacitor Sizing and Packaging For Cost Effective. Ioxus Inc. 2013


• Cost expectations (dependency?)

• Components• Performance, Manufacturing

• Economy of scale• Production capacity per factory. Integrated logistics

• Market size:• Learning curves• High-power energy storage market growth

• 2017 → $240 million/year • 2026 → $2000 million/year

Research and Markets. Supercapacitor Technologies and Markets 2016-2026"

World experiences in the

implementation of supercaps

technology

• Supercaps is a proven technology in electric mobility. Which are the experiences in UPS, voltage stabilizers, frequency support, wind generators pitch control, high torque start of electric machines, intermittences smoothing, etc.?

• Solar Integration and Stacked Services. Duke Energy’s Rankin Substation (2016)• 277 kW / 8.0 kWh SCs + 50 kW / 300 kWh low-cost aqueous batteries• Estimated 10–15% CAPEX reduction + 30% OPEX savings (vs. battery only)

• Solar Firming : California Energy Commission• Case evaluation

http://www.maxwell.com/solutions/power-grid/power-grid-case-studies



technology


Endesa STORE Project - La Palma• Lithium-ion battery with total installed capacity of 1MW/3MWh• Flywheel with total installed capacity of 0.5MW/18MWs• Ultracapacitors with total installed capacity of 4MW/20MWs

• Ultracapacitors integrated in a diesel power plant• Respond to fast events and to maintain island frequency in

an acceptable range.• Ultracapacitors commissioned by Ingeteam• http://goo.gl/YdhwNz

http://goo.gl/YdhwNz



technology


Ingeteam S.A. de C.V.Ave. Revolución, 643, Local 9 Colonia Jardín Español - Monterrey, N.L. 64820 - MEXICO



technology


http://www.energy.imdea.org/scientific-facilities

Panel on Electrical storage Supercapacitors · Supercapacitors Jesus Palma –Instituto IMDEA...

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