UCRL-ID-120Q80

PANAMINT Containment Data Report

B. Hudson

T. Stubbs

R. Heinle

March 1995

This is an informal report intended primarily for internal or limited external distribution. The opinionsand conclusionsstated are thoseof theauthor and may or may not be those of the Laboratory. Work performedundertheauspicesof theDepartmentof Energybythehwrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48.

, DEscLarlMER

This document was pzepad as an account of work gxmsored by an agency of the United Swes Covenun& Neither the United States covenunent nor the University of California nor any of their employees, maLes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or wfulness ol any informatio~ apparatus, product, or process disclawxi, or represents that its use wodd not infringe privately owned tights. Reference herein to any specific commeraal product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otkmvse . ,doesnotnecessaril y comtitute or mply its endosement, recommendatiio~ or favoring by the United States Covemmd or the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed k e i n do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United states Covemment or the University of California, and shall not be used for advertising or product e n d m plnposes.

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PANAM INT Instrumentation Summary

Free field Surface

Surface casing Emplacement pipe

(a) CORRTEX in emplacement hole. (b) EXCOR in emplacement hole. (c) (d)

On emplacement pipe during stemming Displacement array between casing and plug

Event Personnel

containment phvsi B. Hudson LLNL C. Sisemore LLNL J. Kalinowski EG&G/AVO T. Stubbs EG&G/AVO

Q

Data Return

yes

yes

Yes Yes

yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

yes

yes

yes

yes Yes

Present in this Report

yes

yes

Yes Yes -

yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes -

yes

no yes

yes Yes

IKSlW~rrtaho ‘ n C. Cordiil LLNL T. Brown EG&G/AVO L. Farthing EG&G/NVO

EG&G/NVO W. Webb

i

1. Event Description 1.1 Containment summary . 1.2 Site . 1.3 instrumentation .

1 1 1

2. Emplacement 2.1 Pipe strain 2.2 Plug level and temperature

8 8

3. Stemming Performance 3.1 Pressure and radiation . 3.2 Motion 3.3 Collapse

13 13 14

Other Measurements 4.1 Geophone station in the trailer park 4.2 Gas sample hose 4.3 Stress in the bottom plug 4.4 Permeability investigation

4. 51 51 51 51 57 References .

ii

1. Event Description

1.1 Containment summary

The PANAMINT event was detonated in hole U2gb of the Nevada Test Site (see figure 1.1) at 1359 PDT on May 21,1986. A subsurface collapse and stemming fall above the bottom plug occurred at about 18.6 minutes after detonation. No radiation arrivals were detected above the ground surface and PANAMINT containment was satisfactory.

1.2 Site

A geologic map showing some of the surface features near the U2gb site is shown in Figure 1.2. The device had a burial depth of 480 m in the Rainier Mesa member of Area 2, about 50 m above the static water level (SWL). The corresponding geologic cross sections are shown in figure 1.3(1).

Stemming of the 2.44 m diameter emplacement hole followed the plan shown in figure 1.4. A log of the stemming operations was maintained by Holmes & Narver, lnc.(2).

1.3 Instrumentation

Figure 1.5 shows a schematic layout of the instrumentation designed to monitor stemming emplacement and performance. Emplacement of each of the three sanded gypsum concrete (SGC) plugs was monitored with temperature and conductivity probes. Stemming performance was monitored by pressure and radiation probes above and below each of the four central

plugs.

The pressure challenging the bottom plug was monitored through a hose that extended from the coarse stemming above the plug to below the plug. Pressure transducers were fielded on the hose at its top and in the plug near its bottom. Three sensitive pressure gauges were fielded in the stemming column as shown in figure 1.6 and one was placed 0.61 rn in the ground surface, 15.24 m from surface ground zero. These were a part of a continuing study of the pre- and post- event permeability of the emplacement structure and geologic formations of the Nevada Test Site. For about two months before the event, signals from these stations were digitized through a Waveteck@ system and recorded on disk by a LSI 11/23 computer.

1

Hydrodynamic yield of the device , as well as chimney formation, were monitored by two CORRTEWEXCOR cables (figure 1 5). Results of the hydrodynamic yield measurements are reported elsewhere(3).

Vertical motion was monitored in the stemming, in the top three plugs and in the ground

surface at ranges of 14.75 and 15.61 m from Surface Ground Zero (SGZ). Triaxial motion of the recording trailer was also measured. A proximity switch array was mounted in the top plug at the location of the bottom of the surface casing to detect relative motion between the plug and casing. Motion of the gas sample hose relative to the skid was monitored by a rotary potentiometer mounted between the two.

A new version of a fluid-coupled stress gauge(4) was tested at two locations in the bottom stemming plug.

Brief histories of the instrumentation set-up and fielding operations are given in references 5 and 6.

2

18

30

29

4 7

1 3 16

,T- 26

5 27

25

\ 1231 I 22 I

Figure 1.1 Map of the Nevada Test Site indicating the location of hole U2gb.

3

PLAN V I E W MAP U2gb

B -Q

N 264 000 111

A

UZar 0 UEgen

UEPep 0

SCALE o loo 200 300 400 500m

E 20<

am

t 1 I

t U2el \

\ 0

UPau 0

\

U2at 0

)OO m E 20

B'

EXPLANATION 0 - Paleozoic Tag Hole

Fault Trace on the Y - Surface k - Geophysically Inferred k Fault on the Pre-Cenozoic

Surface

N 263 000 m

Figure 1.2 Pian map for geologic cross sections through hole U2gb.

4

QTma - Mixed Alluvium Pz - Paleozoic Rocks T m - ARmonia Tanks Member SWL - Sta t ic Water Level Tnt, - h n i a Tanks Bedded 7 - Bend i n Section Tmr - Rainier Nesa Herber \. - Geophysically Inferred Tp - Paintbrush Tuff \? i a u l t Scarp Tbg - Grouse Canyon A i r f a l 1 T t - Tunnel Beds Undivided

GENERALIZED CROSS SECTION Ulgb A - A'

'? I

B U2am UE 2e k U2gb U2as U2x 6' 1282 7 DEPTH

1291 1286 1286 I I l-

1298

-/ON i I I

QTma - Mixed A l l u v i m T t - Tunnel Beds Tuff Undivided Tma - Anmonia Tanks kember Pz - Paleozoic Rocks Tmb - Amnonia Tanks Bedded gWL - Sta t ic Water Level Tmr - Rainier k s a Ifember - Bend i n Section Tp - Paintbrush Tuff Tbg - Grouse Canyon A i r f a l l GENERALIZED CROSS SECTION UPgb B - 8'

Figure 1.3 Geologic cross sections through hole U2gb. A site description is given in reference 1.

5

Figure 1.4

I P A N A M I N T = u 2 g b /

PLANNED ELEVATION FOR L L K FINES WITH Z M SEMONITE

L M COARSE FILL MATERIN (TYP 5 FLCSl

LLNL S T E W I N G F 1 NES (TYP 3 PLCS)

0 VALYE AT 447.5'

L L N FINES W I T H zs4 BWTONITE l lYP 3 FLCSl

9 6 2 ' 0 I A P I P E x 4 i . S U F T . [PI I O 1

TO T.O.H.

As-built stemming plan for hole U2gb, the PANAMINT event emplacement hole.

6

- .

m u CONCRETE ?LUG

UUP 1410171

L

Kn.0 147¶.451 0 15730 l47S.051- YICLIEORRTEX

Figure 1.5 As-built containment instrumentation plan for U2gb, the PANAMINT event emplacement hole.

7

2. Emolacement

2.1 PiDe strain

The emplacement pipe was instrumented for strain with a pair of gauges on the final pipe section below the load collar (station 86). Strain gauge #1 failed and figure 2.1 shows the strain history recorded from strain gauge #2 between the time of landing of the device and the emplacing the first plug. No further data survive.

2.2 Plua levels and temoerature

The emplacement of each of the three SGC plugs was monitored with conductivity and temperature probes at locations tabulated in figure 1.5. Figures 2.2-2.4 show plots of the SGC emplacement and temperature histories. The temperature histories were digitally recorded on floppy disks which, apparently, did not survive until the data could transcribed to a more permanent medium. Proper curing of the cement was assured during stemming by the field personnel, but no histories are presented here. As shown in figure 1.5, a series of three layers composed of LLNL fines and bentonite ("fines plugs") were included in the coarse stemming

between the two deepest SGC plugs. All plugs were emplaced as planned.

8

500; 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

.......................... -

-

........ i .......................... i .......................... .i .......................

Figure 2.1

100

n

................... 1 "

0 20 40 60 80 100

Time, hours (relative to 05/13/86 20:OO)

Emplacement pipe strain history at station 86 during stemming.

9

U2gb

0

-1 00

E -200 c" CI a. 2

-300

-400

-500

Figure 2.2

-405

-409

-41 3

-41 7

-42 I

-425

-433 4

-::<:.-.--.. *.....-.-...-.:.2-... -::>-::::: . . . : .... : ......

-25 -5 15 35 55 .5

Time, minutes ' (relative to 511 7/86 1 1 :OO)

Sanded gypsum emplacement for the first plug. The upper and lower plug boundaries were determined with a tag line (open circles); solid symbols indicate the probe elevations. Probes labeled B, E, and H included temperature sensors (temperature histories are not available).

10

OE c-

sz c-

so c-

oos-

OOP-

OOE-

ooz- 3

00 c-

1 OS-

SP-

oos-

OOP-

OOE-

C3 (D m ZT d

Y

002- 3

00 c-

0

3. Stemmina Performance

3.1 Pressure and radiation

As indicated in Figure 1.4, the region between each of the stemming plugs was monitored by pressure and radiation stations The analog signals were transmitted uphole and then

recorded on magnetic tape in the recording trailer.

The pressure challenging the bottom plug was measured at station 33 (mounted between the first and second plugs and connected to the region below the first plug through a hose extending to below the first plug). A second pressure transducer (station 31) was mounted within and near the bottom of the bottom plug and was also connected to the hose.

Figures 3.1-3.8 show the pressure and radiation histones from a few minutes before

detonation to more than eleven hours later or until the station signal was lost. As shown in figure 3.1, station 31 (located at the bottom of the deepest SGC plug) was lost soon after shock arrival. Station 33 (on the top of the challenge pressure hose) was lost at collapse (about 11 18 s) and the remainder of the pressure and radiation transducer channels continued to provide information as long as the recording system was active.

3.2 Motion

Figures 3.9-3.1 9 show the first six seconds of explosion-induced vertical motion as measured in the emplacement hole. Station 61 monitored the vertical motion of the ground surface at a depth of 0.91 m and a horizontal range of 15.24 m from SGZ. Explosion-induced data derived from this station are shown in figure 3.20. The vertical motion of the recording trailer (station 71) is shown in figure 3.21.

Characteristics of the motion are given in table 3.1 and characteristics of the motion

transducers are given in tables 3.2 and 3.3.

A vertical, linear array of seven proximity switches was mounted in the top SGC plug next to the bottom of the surface casing. Switch states of "on" imply the nearby presence of ferrous metal (surface casing) and "off", its absence. No relative motion between the top plug and the surface casing was sensed at any time by this array.

Figures 3.22-3.25 show a comparison between the pressure and the displacement for the first six seconds after detonation for stations 34,35, and 38, respectively. A stemming slump, triggered by the detonation, is seen to progress to below the fourth plug before three seconds after detonation.

3.3 CollaDse

CLIPER information consists of a single datum indicating a cable break at a depth of about 382 m at a time of 1117 s.

A sharp pressure drop at collapse time followed by a long recovery, suggestive of a stemming fall, was seen at stations 32 and 34 (figures 3.2 and 3.4). These two records (along with those of stations 35 and 38) are compared, during the collapse phase, in figure 3.25. The trace from station 32 was left unfiltered to show the full time resolution of the recorded data. Collapse pressure jumps appear to be simultaneous at stations 32 and 34 suggesting that both stations experienced nearly the same stemming behavior. The arrival of radiation at station 32 at

the time of collapse and the subsequent jumps in radiation level suggests that the bottom plug was not effective after collapse. Additionally, the level of radiation, its wave form and the wave forms of the pressure at stations 32 and 34 indicate that the stemming between station 32 and 34 remained effective (figures 3.26 and 3.27). Taken together, these data and the CLIPER information suggest that the geologic formation did not collapse much beyond station 32 and

that the deepest SGC plug failed upon collapse.

The motion data during collapse are shown in figures 3.28-3.34. The motion channels at stations 32 and 33 failed at about 11 18 seconds after detonation, with station 33 preceding 32 by about one second. This may have been caused by an interaction between challenge pressure hose and the SGC of the bottom plug (which appears to have failed). No indication of collapse motion was detected at depths less than 124 m.

14

Gauge

-- 21 av

21 uv

22av

22uv

23av

23uv

24av

24uv

32av

33av

34av

35av

36av

37av

38av

61 av

61 uv

71 av

71 uv

Table 3.1 Summarv o f Motion

Slant Range Arrival Time Acceleration Velocity Peak Displacement Displacement (m) (ms) Peak (9) ( m i 4 Peak (cm) Residual (cm)

-I_--- ----_ ---- ----I --I__ - 284.6

367.0

444.0

480.0

99.0

104.9

114.2

194.9

356,6

433.3

263.5

480.3

537w

-

93

107, 198

253

192, 270

50

37, 51

45, 53

60

109

146

78

292

330

2.0

1.25

0.80

1.1

5.7

5.6

2.7

1 .o 1.5

0.95

2, k 7

1.8

2.0, 4.0(b)

0.43

0.40, -1.0

0.47

0.57

0.29

0.48

0.46

0.50

1.4

1.4

0.24, -2.1

0.2, -1.4

0.46

0.34

0.64, -0.95

0.70

0.87

0.85

0.90

(a) Emplacement pipe or strongback-stemming interaction. (b) Slap-down peak. (c) Signal lost early (before 2 s.): this value inaccurate or not available. (d) Approximate.

1.6, -7.5

8., -5.

1.8

2.2

1.6

2.6

2.4

2.7

7.9

8.2

0.5, -37

0.7, -125

1.8, -2.0

1.5

2.8, -23

5 .O

6.0

8 -0

8.4

-5

-8

-1

-1.3

-0.5

-1.5

-2

-2

0.5

2.

-3703

(c)

-1 9

-0.3

-2., -22.

-2.8(d)

-2.2

-3

-2.5

15

Table 3.2 Accelerometer Characteristics

Natural Frequency Damping Ratio System Range (Hz) (SI'S)

230 0.75 8

240 0.75 10

390 0.65 15

320 0.65 20

2500 0.7 200

2500 0 -7 200

750 0.7 50

750 0.7 20

75 0 0.7 20

75 0 0.7 50

750 0.7 20

41 0 0.65 20

325 0.65 20

Gauge

21 av

22av

23av

24av

32ada)

33av(a)

34av(4

35ada)

36ada)

37av(4

38ada)

61 av

71 av (a) Piezo-resistive elements; manufacturers specifications

Table 3.3 Velocimeter Characteristics

System Range (m/S)

Natural Time io 0.5 Calibration Operate Gauge Frequency Amplitude Temperature Temperature

(W fs) (OC) (OC) ~ --

21 uv 3.562 8.88 25.26 20.32

22uv 3.509 8.27 25.64 39.27

23uv 3.584 8.66 24.39 43.22

24uv 3.582 8.58 25.9 1 14.31

61 uv 3.613 8.66 24.84 16.24

71 uv 2.999 23.50 24.34 18.61

16

U2gb

50

40

30

20

10

n - - 0 . 5 0

T i m e , s

Figure 3.1 Challenge pressure as measured below the first SGC plug (station 31). This station failed shortly after shock arrival time.

0.5

17

U2gb

Q)

U +

I

a, VI 0 n

l o o

lo-’

1 o-2

0

1 -I

2

Figure 3.2 Challenge pressure measurements in the hose through the first SGC plug (station 33). All signals from this station were lost at collapse time (1 118 s). Although radiation was also monitored, it was apparently not transported through the hose to the detector.

18

U2gb

Figure 3.3

15

10

5

L

Q) v) 0 n

0 100

T i m e , i o 3 s Pressure and radiation histories measured in the coarse stemming above the first SGC plug (station 32 at 381 m depth). These data indicate an arrival of radioactive material at collapse time (1 118 s). The radiation appears to arrive discontinuously after this, suggesting a stemming fall.

200

19

U2g b

h

Q)

U 4

L

Q) I/) 0

6 3

15

10

5

I " 0 100

Time, l o 3 s

200

Figure 3.4 Pressure and radiation histories measured in the coarse stemming below the second plug (station 34 at 365.8 m depth). This plug was composed of LLNL fines. Radiation appears to arrive at about 5400 s.

20

U2gb

o.

Q) L 3 v)

Figure 3.5

15

U

v) SL

.-

10

5

35 L I \ P E

n

0

U +

I

0 v) 0 n

100

d

Time, I O 3 s

200

Pressure and radiation histories measured in the coarse stemming below the third plug (station 35 at 285.1 m depth). This plug was composed of LLNL fines. No *radioactive material arrivals were observed at or above this station.

21

U2gb 15

n

Q) L 3 u, v, 0 L a,

10

5

1 0-’ - L

? QL

CI

0

U 1 o-2 - +

L

Q) v) 0 cl

1 *-3L ()

., . . . . . . 1

.clc

100 -

Time, l o 5 s

200

Figure 3.6 Pressure and radiation histories measured in the coarse stemming below the fourth plug (station 38 at 21 6.5 m depth). This plug was composed of LLNL fines. A possible arrival is observed at about 50,000 s. No radiation arrivals were observed above this station.

22

U2gb 15

I

CI

al

U +

I

Q) v3 0 n

10

5

lo-'--

1 o-2

100

T i m e , l o 3 s Figure 3.7 Pressure and radiation histories measured in the coarse stemming below the fifth

plug (station 36 at 132.4 m depth). This plug was composed of SGC. No radioactive material arrivals were observed at or above this station.

23

b . . . ..

c .

&=d 200

U2gb

0.

Q) L 3 v) v) 0, L a,

L

-T, 111

n

Q)

U t

I

Q) v) 0 n

15

10

5

lo-*

' O - ~

r . . . . , . r

L

100

m

psi

m

YL

Time, I O 3 s

m

Y

200

Figure 3.8 Pressure and radiation histories measured in the coarse stemming below the top plug (station 37 at 46.8 m depth). This plug was composed of SGC.

24

U2gb I 4 w............... 2 ..................... -._: .......................... : ......................... & ........... -.-.---. ..... : .................. I..

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ~ 1 1 1 1 I l l l ~ l l l I I I I I ~ I I I ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l l l l ~ l l l l

0 ...................... i ......................... i..... ..................... i ......................... i ......-........... ............................ *I

E 0

-0 - r 1 , l l I l l l I I I I I l , l , 1 1 1 1 , 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 , " " 1 1 1 1 ~ 1 1 1 1 ~ - - - - 8

4 l.. .................. i. ........................ i .......................... i ......................... i ......................... i.. .................. z

0 -

-4 - 1 i......

.................... ......................... i .......................... i..-..- ............. ......6...........~ ............. i ..... ................_ - - - - - - -.. .............. ......,.. ....................... p ..........................,.... ................. ....+ ................... ......,. ........... .........- - - - -

- - - - - - --.... ................. .. ................................................... .. .................... .....- .-.. .......................................... - - - - ..... .................. :

- - -.. ............... ........ ..................... - - ..................... .................

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 , I t r l l r l l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I I I l l l l l I l l l l l l l l 1 1 1 I l I I I I -

0 2 4 6 Time, s

Figure 3.9 Explosion-induced vertical motion in the coarse stemming of the emplacement hole at a depth of 381 m (station 32).

25

0

too

E 200 n

Iz t

fl a 0 300

400

so0

U2gb

2

m \

E ' s - 0

+ .- 0 0

>"

..... ; ......................... :.... ..................... ...................... j. .............

......................... ........................ ......................... ;.- ....................

.... " ................................................ ...-.. ............ ...........- ...................

.................... ....................... ....................... .....................

..................................................... ........................ .._................~ ........-.......... ..........

2 4 6 -200 I I I I I ' ' I I I I

Time. s Figure 3.10 Explosion-induced vertical motion in the coarse stemming of the emplacement hole

at a depth of 376.1 m (station 33).

26

0

100

E 200

n

1 + n,

300

400

500

U2gb

-? E .. x c

E

Q

0

-1

-2

0

-20

- 0 2 4

T i m e , s 6

Figure 3.1 1 Explosion-induced vertical motion in the coarse stemming of the emplacement hole at a depth of 365.8 m (station 34).

27

0 -

100

T 4

c 1

7 L

/

/ c

\ , 2

.

E 200

300

400

500

U2gb a n

c 0

CY b a,

a 0 0

.- t

-

a

v)

\ E

x t .- 0 0

E 0

.. -I-

S a,

4) 0

E

0

-1

-2

0

-50

0

Q -100 - v) .- n

0 2 4

T i m e , s 6

Figure 3.12 Explosion-induced vertical motion in the coarse stemming of the emplacement hole at a depth of 285.1 m (station 35).

28

U2gb

E 0

0

-1

0

-1 0

-20

0 2 4 6

T i m e , s

Figure 3.13 Explosion-induced vertical motion in the coarse stemming of the emplacement hole at a depth of 21 6.5 m (station 38).

29

Displacement, cm Velocity, m/s I 0 0 v, v,

I 0 --.

Acceleration, g

t Q & I N O

I P

0

100

E 200 m

1I:

n, +

300

400

500

U2g b

v) \ E .. > c .- 0 0

a) > -

c c

n VI .- Q

1

0

-1

0 . 5

0

-0.5

2

0

-2

-4 0 2 4 6

T i m e , s

Figure 3.1 5 Explosion-induced vertical motion in the coarse stemming of the emplacement hole at a depth of 123.4 m (station 36).

31

0

100

E 200 m

JI

Q 3-

300

400

500

U2gb m 2

1

0

-1

-2

0 . 5

0

-0 - 5

2

0

-2

0 2 4

Time, s 6

Figure 3.16 Explosion-induced vertical motion in the coarse stemming of the SGC plug at a depth of 113.0 m (station 22). Records annotated with an 'a' are derived from the accelerometer.

32

U2gb 0, - t 0 .-

VI \ E .. r c .- 0 0

a, > -

E 0

1

0

-1 c a I I I I I a

0 . 5

0

-0.5

0 2 4

T i m e , s

6

Figure 3.17 Explosion-induced vertical motion in the coarse stemming of the emplacement hole at a depth of 46.8 m (station 37).

33

0

100

E 200

m

ic t

n. 300

400

500

U2gb 0 2

0

-2

-4

0 . 5

0

-0 .5

2

0

-2

-4

0 2 4 6

T i m e , s

Figure 3.18 Explosion-induced vertical motion in the coarse stemming of the SGC plug at a depth of 36.0 rn (station 23). Records annotated with a n 'a' are derived from the accelerometer.

34

0

100

E 200

m

1

a. +

E 300

400

500

U2g b 0) 3

0

-3

-6

L . - . - . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . - . - - . . ~ 0 . 5

0

-0.5

2

0

-2

-4 L 0 2

Time, s 4 6

Figure 3.1 9 Explosion-induced vertical motion of the surface casing (station 24). Records annotated with an 'a' are derived from the accelerometer.

35

0

100

E 200

h

1

0, t

300

400

500

U2g b CT,

1

0

-2 -’ 1 4

2

0

-2

-4 0 2 4 6

T i m e , s

Figure 3.20 Explosion-induced vertical motion in the ground surface at a depth of 0.91 m and a horizontal distance of 15.24 m from Surface Ground Zero (station 61). Records annotated with an ‘a‘ are derived from the accelerometer.

36

710"s-f

c 0

cn \ E

E 0 - c c Q)

€ Q)

1

0

-1

10

5

0

-5 0 2 4 6

Time, s

Figure 3.21 Explosion-induced vertical motion of the recording trailer (station 71). Records annotated with an 'a' are derived from the accelerometer.

37

U2gb

34pxs-f

20

15

10

- 0 2 4

T i m e , s

Figure 3.22 Comparison of the first six seconds of explosion-induced displacement with gas pressure measured below the deepest fines plug (station 34).

6

38

3Spxt - f U2gb 20

15

10

0

-50

Q- -100 m .- a

0 2 4

T i m e , s

Figure 3.23 Comparison of the first six seconds of explosion-induced displacement with gas pressure measured below the second fines plug (station 35).

39

20

.so0

U2g b

h

0 L 3 v, v) a, L a,

E 0

h

n, v) .- Q

15

10

0

-1 0

-20

Time, s

Figure 3.24 Comparison of the first six seconds of explosion-induced displacement with gas pressure measured below the third fines plug (station 38).

40

U2gb

U

v) a,

.-

m

a L 13 v) v) Q, L Q

15

5

15

5 15

5

15

5 1100 1200 1300

Time, s Figure 3.25 Pressures measured in the stemming column during the collapse episode. The data

from station 32 were left unfiltered to expose the full time resolution of the measured signal.

41

U2gb

a,

U +

L

a, v) 0 Q

15

10

5

Time. l o 3 s Figure 3.26 Pressure and radiation wave forms for the first 10,000 s after detonation. A first

radiation arrival at collapse (1 1 18 sf is evident, with a second arrival at about 2700 . - seconds. This second arrival may be due to a stemming rearrangement, not seen in

the pressure wave .form.

42

U2g b

n

Q)

U +

L

0 v) 0 n

15

10

5

5

T i m e , l o 3 s

Figure 3.27 Pressure and radiation wave forms for the first 10,000 s after detonation. Radiation arrives at about 5400 s, more than one hour after the collapse.

43

0

100

E 200

11,

300

,400

SO0

U2g b

-0

JZOvSl-f

90

60

30

0

-30

E

1115 1120 1125

Time, s

Figure 3.28 Collapse-induced vertical motion in the coarse stemming of the emplacement hole at a depth of 381 m (station 32). Motion signals from this station were terminated at about 11 18 s.

44

ssav 3 I - f

0

100

E 200

h

f t

Q 300

400

500

U2gb

1115 1 120

T i m e , s 1125

Figure 3.29 Collapse-induced vertical motion in the coarse stemming of the emplacement hole at a depth of 375.1 m (station 33). Motion signals from this station were terminated at about 1 117 s.

45

34av. I --t

30

20

10

0

-1 0

U2gb

< E

0

-1

-2

-3

0

-1 00

1 1 15 1120 1125

Time, s

Figure 3.30 Collapse-induced vertical motion in the coarse stemming of the emplacement hole at a depth of 365.7 m (station 34).

46

J S O " I - f

0

100

E 200

n

300

400

500

U2gb

Figure 3.31

.. c 0 .- + U

a,

a, 0 0

I

-

a

\ E .. > + .- 0 0

-@>.

E 0

0

-50

1115 1120

Time, s

Collapse-induced vertical motion in the coarse stemming of the emplacement hole at a depth of 285.1 m (station 35).

1 I25

47

0

100

E 200

II. 300

400

5 00

U2gb 0,

+ .- 0 0

Q) > -

E 0

3 8 a v I--1

20

10

0

-1 0

-20

0

0

-1 0

-20

-30 1115 1120 1125

Time, s

Figure 3.32 Collapse-induced vertical motion in the coarse stemming of the emplacement hole at a depth of 216.5 m (station 38).

48

U2gb

0 0

Q) >

E 0

1115 1120

T i m e , s 1125

Figure 3.33 Collapse-induced vertical motion in the fines plug at a depth of 195.4 m (station 21). Records annotated with an 'a' are derived from the accelerometer.

49

3 6 a v s I - f

U2g b

T I t

Q) 0 0

z 6

7-

ti

i.

D h

SI 0 .- t

U

0 .

0

-0,

0.01

# \ E

1

. 1

.- 0 0

Q) > -

0

1115 1120

Time, s 1125

Figure 3.34 Vertical motion in the coarse stemming of the emplacement hole at a depth of 123.4 m (station 36) during the time of collapse. Collapse signals were not sensed at or above this station.

50

4 Other Measurements

4.1 GeoD hone station in the trailer Dark

Figures 4.1 shows the data as recorded on a high sensitivity accelerometer and a geophone mounted in the ground surface of the trailer park (station 62).

4.2 Gas sa mDle hose

Figure 4.2 shows the displacement of the gas sample hose as measured by a rotary potentiometer mounted between the gas sample skid and the hose (station 39). This device has a full displacement range of 22.9 m and had an initial offset of about 4 m.

4.3 Stress in the botto m t3ug

Biaxial stress and strain transd~cers(~) were mounted at two elevations in the bottom SGC plug. The active elements for stress were Ytterbium while the strain elements were composed of Constantan. Orientation of the station 1 was is if strain were a vector quantity and the radial and transverse components were to be measured. The two orientations of the elements of station 2 were not relative to the working point, but were mutually orthogonal. Amplitudes of the records shown in figures 4.3 and 4.4 are given in percent change of gauge resistance since the gauge factor of Ytterbium is uncertain.

4.4 Permeabilitv investiaation

A set of four sensitive pressure transducers was fielded in the emplacement hole and on the ground surface in a continuing investigation of the test site's permeability. The pressure histories thus obtained are presented in figure 4.5.

51

Figure 4.1

+ t 3 0 0 i-.r

M

0 500 1000 1.500 2000

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Time, s

Data from the vertical geophone and sensitive accelerometer mounted in the ground surface at the recording trailer (station 62).

52

E

4 .4 0 10 20

Time, s

l -

Figure 4.2 Displacement history of the gas sample hose.

53

30

U2gb

s t r e s s s t r a i n

Figure 4.3 Stress and strain as measured in the bottom SGC plug (station I, depth = 419.1 m). Amplitudes are in percent change of transducer resistance.

54

U2g b

T i m e , s

Figure 4.4 Stress and strain as measured in the bottom SGC plug (station 2, depth = 416.1 m). Amplitudes are in percent change of transducer resistance.

55

U2gb

- . ....... ............................. .- ................... i .... :..... -.- 13 -I " ' I ' ' " I " ' I ' " ' I ' " ' I ' ' ' ' I " " ! ' ' " I ' " ' I ' " ' I ' " ' ! " ' ' I " ''I

- - - - - - .... 9 ..................... 3"- .......................................... * ...................... > .................. - - - ,

- - -...... + ...................... > ...................... > ...................... * ............. ...- ..... $ .................. ....: .................. - I - - 1 ....... v. 1 1 ....; .................. ....; .................. ...j... ................ -..f ...................... f .................. z - , - ,

- - 12 - 1 ' ) ' 1 ' ' " I ' " ' 1 ' " ' I ' " ' 1 " ' ' I I ' " 1 ' " ' I ' ' I ' 1 ' " ' I ' " ' 1 " ' " " ' e-

13 c' ' " ! ' ' " I ' " ' ! ' " ' I ' " I ! " ' ' I " " ! " " I ' " ' ! ' I ' ' I ' " ' ! " " I " "-I L ....... i ........................................... i ...................... 1... .......................... ..........._... i l l ...................

! ! 1 ~~~ .............................................. .. ....................................................................................... .............................. > ..................... *- ..................... > ...................... 5 .........................................

....... ..................... ................ ................... ......................................... +.. :o; 1 3 ...; 4- ._..; .._.;

. .

1 ....... 4.. ioi 12 ...f-..- ................. f..- ................... i .................... -.; ................. .....; ..................

Figure 4.5 Sensitive pressure transducer outputs from the stemming column and the ground surface. Stations 11 . 13 show the effect of the stemming pout' prior to the detonation at zero time.

56

Ref ere nc e s

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Gayle Pawloski, "U2gb Site Characteristics Report", CP 85-83, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CAI September 20, 1985.

Alfred E. Burer, "Containment Report for U2gb (Revision)", Holmes & Narver, NTS:A2:86-38, May 23, 1986.

LLNL contacts for additional information: R. Heinle (CORRTEX data).

J. Kalinowski, T. Stubbs, L. Davies, and B. Hudson, "Recent stress gage developments", Range Commanders Council, Telemetry Group, 4-6 July, 1985, Monterey, California.

William G. Webb, "Special Measurements Final Engineering Report for PANAMINT, U2gb, EG&G, Energy Measurements, Las Vegas, NV, SM:86E-132-35.

William G. Webb, "Special Measurements Physicsllnstrumentation for PANAMINT, U2gb, Revision "B" as built" EG&G, Energy Measurements, Las Vegas, NV, SM:85E-132-36.

57

Distribution:

LLNL TID (11) Test Program Library Containment Vault Burkhard, N. Cooper, W. Denny, M. Dong, R. Goldwire, H. Heinle, R. (5) Mara, G. Moran, M.T. Moss, W. Olsen, C. Patton, H, Pawloski, G. Rambo, J. Roland, K. Roth, B. Valk, T. Younker, L.

LANL

APP, F. Brunish, W. Kunkle, T. Trent, B.

Sandia

Chabai, A. Smith, Carl W.

L-053 L-045 L-221 L-221 L-049 L-205 L-140 L-221 L-221 L-049 L-777 L-200 L-221 L-205 L-221 L-200 L-221 L-049 L-154 L-203

F-659 F-659 F-665 F-664

MS-1159 MS-1159

EG&G/AVO

Brown, T. A-5 Gilmore, L. A-1 Hatch, M. A-5 Still, G. A-5 Stubbs, T. A-5

EG&G/NVO

Bellow, B. N 13-20 Davies, L. N 13-20 Moeller, A. N 13-20 Robinson, R. N 13-20 Webb, W. N 13-20

DNA

Ristvet, B.

S-Cubed

Peterson, E.

East man C her r i n g to n Environment 1640 Old Pecos Trail, Suite H Santa Fe, NM 87504

Keller, C.