Panama’s Brilliant Butterflies May 28 – June 4, 2016

Trip Report

Saturday May 28, 2016 Arrival and Orientation Arrival day! This morning we welcomed the early arrival of Bill, Richard and Jan by mid-morning at the Canopy Lodge. After quickly settling into their spacious guest rooms, everyone was eager to see what was flying around the gardens. Almost immediately, we had great looks of One-spotted Prepona, Odites Metalmark (female), Green-celled Cattleheart, Falcate Skipper and Maculosa Skipper in the gardens. Erato and Zebra longwings, White Yellow, Cloudless and Apricot sulphurs were seen darting around the Lodge, a beautiful Blue-and-orange Eighty-Eight perched with open wings on a nearby Cecropia branch, and no doubt the most eye-catching butterflies of the morning were the morphos: Common Morpho, Stub-tailed Morpho and the stunning Cypris Morpho all made great sweeping passes along the stream, offering great views. The weather this morning was warm and sunny, very favorable conditions for the butterflies. In addition to the butterflies, the garden birds – Orange-billed Sparrows, Thick-billed Euphonias, Gray-headed Chachalacas, Flame-rumped Tanagers, Snowy-bellied Hummingbirds and a family of Gray-necked Wood-Rails entertained us too! Meanwhile, Barb and Marc took a detour to the Canopy Tower for lunch on their way to the Lodge and during their short time there, saw Blood-spot Metalmark, Rusted Metalmark, Costa-spotted Metalmark and 4 Regal Hairstreaks! At midday it started to rain and everyone retreated for a siesta after lunch. The rest of the guests arrived mid-afternoon just as the rain was stopping, and after a brief group orientation, we were off exploring the property again for any interesting finds. The overcast afternoon didn’t bring forth a lot of butterfly activity later this afternoon, but emerging cicadas, a sphinx moth caterpillar (“hornworm”), a Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth and even more birds gave us no lack of cool things to look at. We met at 6:30 to review photos and our arrival day checklist, followed by a delicious dinner. Since most had early starts for their travel days, everyone opted for an early night to get a good sleep and be ready for a full day of butterflies and wildlife ahead. Sunday May 29, 2016 Las Minas Road and La Mesa/Finca Macarena This morning we were up bright and early with the birds! Before breakfast we enjoyed watching the garden birds at the feeders, along with some early butterflies too – a Pale Owl-Butterfly was found feeding on a piece of ripe banana below the feeder, and another was attracted to the butterfly bait on the platform beside the lounge. Shortly after breakfast, we headed up to Las Minas Road. We started off our morning with clear blue skies, great for

butterflies! As we walked along Las Minas Road, we scanned the grassy roadsides and found White and Mimosa yellows, Immaculata Skipper, Eastern Tailed-Blue, Barnes’ Metalmark, Sara and Sapho longwings, Blue-gray and White satyrs, Pale Sicklewing and many tiny Radiant Skippers. Among many things, we are always keeping many keen eyes open for some of the most beautiful butterflies we always hope to see on our butterfly tour: tiny, fuzzy-legged metalmarks called jewelmarks. Then, about half-way along the road, we spotted a tiny dark butterfly flitting around at eye level over some broad leaves; once it landed we could see well through our binoculars that it was a Simple Sarota, one of these spectacular little butterflies! It challenged us with views, but everyone got at least a glance before it flitted away. We hope for more of these little beauties. As we carried on down the road, we came across a Pale Sicklewing perched high on a leaf and a boldy-marked Thoria Skipper. By mid-morning, we had made it to our turn-around point, and the dark rain clouds were starting to move in. The walk back produced nice views of Orange-patched Crescent and Tutia Clearwing. Timing was perfect, as we got back to the van it started to rain, quite heavy, and we headed back to the lodge to enjoy the rain from there. Just before lunch, an Azure-winged Eurybia dazzled some of the group watching the gardens from the veranda.

Pale Owl-Butterfly (left), Simple Sarota (right)

After lunch, we waited out the rain and once it stopped, we headed back up to Finca Macarena in La Mesa. Heavy skies were not in our favor, and there were not many butterflies braving the overcast weather this afternoon, yet we did see a nice distinct Argon Skipper and a cluster of some prickly caterpillars. But despite the drizzle, the birds were active and we made the most of the afternoon watching Tawny-crested Tanagers, Tawny-capped Euphonias, Rufous-breasted Wren and a Hoffmann’s Two-toed Sloth on the move through the epiphyte-laden trees. Back at the lodge, we gathered to review our checklist for the day, followed by a hearty dinner. The light sheet on the top deck at the lodge attracted a new butterfly for us – a Brown Owl-Butterfly, one that even Tino and Jenn had never seen until now, and new for the Canopy Family butterfly list! A great way to end our first full day of the tour.

Monday May 30, 2016 Cerro Gaital and Las Mozas pastureland Again we awoke to nice skies and promising weather for the morning. After an early breakfast, we boarded the van and headed up to Cerro Gaital trail, a beautiful cloud-forest covered protected area, part of the Cerro Gaital Natural Monument. Along the way, we stopped briefly at the bridge to check out the Granducifolia plants, but only a Timnia Clearwing was there for now, so we carried on up the road. We started off the walk at Cerro Gaital with a Veined White-Skipper behind the guard house. Along the trail, we picked up Ittona Skipper, Banded Banner, White-spotted Prepona, Hermione Skipper and Great Scrub-Hairstreak. We watched a Cream-spotted Tigerwing lay eggs on its host plant, and equally as entertaining, a few species of dragonflies darting over the little pond at the end of the trail. Gold-bordered Hairstreak and a lovely Barajo Hairstreak (which churned up some funny nicknames!) were highlights back along the road. Before returning back to the lodge for lunch, we stopped again at the patch of Granducifolias at the bridge crossing, and this time there was a lot of activity! Many Black-bordered Crescents (Tegosa), Banded Peacocks, Orange-patched Crescents, along with Alana White-Skipper, Common Mylon, Orange-striped Emesis, Crimson-patched Checkerspot, Julia, Mimic and White-dotted crescents and even a couple daylight moths, a species of daytime flying moth, were buzzing around. A little bit of sun makes this area very productive! Back at the lodge, Barb came across a Mottled Scrub-Hairstreak, a new species for our checklist! The rain held off after lunch so we headed out again at 2 pm, to Las Mozas field. Upon arrival, we could see many butterflies flying around the field: Tropical Buckeye, Banded Peacock, White Peacock, and little ones – Tropical and Central American checkered-skippers, White Yellow, Dusky-blue Groundstreak and more. We found a pair of Whitened Crescents mating, and Zebra and Erato longwings were flying above the low shrubbery. In addition to the butterflies, the birds were great too – White-collared Swifts, Red-legged Honeycreeper and a lovely perched Roadside Hawk were some of this afternoon’s bird highlights. Then once again, the dark rain clouds moved in and we retreated to the van. We made a worthwhile stop at the El Valle Market to do some souvenir shopping, and some people picked up some beautiful molas and other Panamanian handicrafts. We met before dinner to review our extensive checklist for the day, butterflies, birds and mammals, and enjoyed a delicious dinner. After a long day, everyone was feeling a little tired and called it a night early to be ready for another exciting day to come.

Veined White-Skipper

Central American Checkered-Skipper (left), Whitened Crescents (right)

Tuesday May 31, 2016 Altos del Maria Today we were up before dawn for an early breakfast. The weather was looking promising and as soon as we were all ready, we loaded up into three 4x4 trucks and headed to the highlands. It wasn’t long until we were climbing the steep paved roads to Altos del Maria. Tino, driving the first vehicle, stopped just before we arrived to the gate for a pair of Orange-bellied Trogons, one of the specialty birds of the region. Also at this stop, Blue-throated (Emerald) Toucanets and Scaled Pigeons were spotted in the treetops. After this enjoyable stop, we continued up into Altos del Maria to search for butterflies. The weather couldn’t have been better – a sunny day is often a rare event in this area, especially in the green season, and we were lucky to have full sun this morning. We started our morning walking the area of La Gaita, up the steep hills of the area. The roadside vegetation is a great place for butterflies, and we quickly came across Many-banded Daggerwing, Variable Clearwing, Mimic Tigerwing, Cassius Blue, White and Mimosa yellows, Rita’s Remella and others along this road. On the way down, a large pale Sulphur was spotted on a shrub along the bank – we had a feeling it was something special, and after a quick glance, we noticed a distinct point extending off the hind wing – a tail! This female Tailed Sulphur, new for the Canopy Family butterfly list, was a highlight of the morning. Moments after enjoying this one, a second one was spotted just a 100 ft away, another female, this one showing a nice burgundy color on the outer edge of the hind wing. Another winged creature caught our eye on the way

Tailed Sulphur

down the hill – butterfly-like but actually a daytime-flying moth, Divana diva (family Castniidae), was resting on a leaf on the bank. When it alighted it gave us a flash of deep blue and orange on its hind wings. These moths resemble butterflies and are called “giant butterfly-moths” in the Neotropics. They even have clubbed antennae! Back at the trucks, we had a big mid-morning snack of sandwiches, trail mix, bananas, soft drinks, coffee and tea. The butterflying continued during the snack as a cute Fine-lined Hairstreak showed up along the bank beside the road. Its close cousin, a Togarna Hairstreak, was also seen here! Danilo’s keen eyes spotted a delicate and large orchid in one of the large roadside trees. After snack we headed up the paved hill to an open patch of Granducifolia; the sun was shining and it was feeling hot for Altos Del Maria! The sun sparked great butterfly activity here – Frosted Dartwhite, Cattleheard White, Diasia Clearwing, White-dashed Metalmark (seen only by Tino), Orange-striped Emesis and a fresh White-patched Emesis caught everyone’s attention. Stub-tailed Morphos chased each other around overhead and a stunning Cypris Morpho made a pass offering great views of its yellow and iridescent blue-purple coloration. A mystery flasher, possibly Whitened Flasher, caught our attention and its ID will hopefully be confirmed very soon upon close revision of the photos. This spot was great! We took a break for lunch at Lago Bonito, where a pair of Long-tailed Tyrants across the lake delighted us. These pretty flycatchers are not very common around here. After lunch we took a short walk along the “Transcontinental Biodiversity Trail” at Lago Bonito, while a big storm was brewing. It was dark in the understory and not much was flying around, birds or butterflies. But the forest was beautiful and everyone enjoyed the walk. We returned to the trucks and headed back toward El Valle. Before returning, we made a final stop near the town of Mata Ahogado, to see if anything was flying around. Activity level was quieting down at this time, but White Peacock, Tropical Checkered-Skipper and a few chocolate brown grass skippers were around. By this time, the birds were becoming active again – Blue-headed Parrots, Masked Tityra, Blue-crowned Motmot and Barred Antshrike – caught everyone’s attention. Back at the lodge and after some down time, we met to review our growing checklist (now over 100 species!) and finished off the day with an optional night walk on the property, where we saw Red-webbed Tree Frog, Fleischmann’s Glass Frog, Stream Anole, Cane Toad, Smoky Jungle Frog and two species of clown tree frogs in the pond. Wednesday June 1, 2016 Canopy Lodge gardens and Canopy Tower The first butterfly of the day to greet us, in the dim dawn light, was a huge Banded Owl-Butterfly, which even obligingly landed on Bill’s head (sparking a photo shoot by Rich!). This is one of the most beautiful of the owl-butterflies, however was a rather worn individual, still nice to see and not one that we will see in the lowlands for the rest of the trip as it prefers the cool foothills. Around breakfast time, more butterflies started to show, including a Common Morpho, a usual suspect around the Canopy Lodge but this one in particular caught everyone’s attention when it landed beside the fruit feeders and opened its wings to sun. Barb

was exceptionally happy as this was one of her goals for this trip, to photograph a blue morpho with its wings spread, which they rarely do. Also of interest in the garden this morning was an Iris Calephelis showing off its bright blue fuzzy brush-feet, again something that is not often seen among butterflies. After packing up and checkouts, we took a short walk down the “magic trail” as Barb coined it last year, a great place to find butterflies and other creatures at the Canopy Lodge. Mid way, we spotted Sara and Crimson-patched longwings flying around, and a couple indistinct skippers. At the end of the trail is where we hit our butterfly jackpot for this morning, at a patch of blooming Granducifolia. Lampeto Metalmarks, Irenia Metalmark, Blue-based Theope, Meton, Bitias and Gold-bordered hairstreaks, White-dotted Crescent, Broken Silverdrop, Red-studded Skipper and more were actively flying around. Up on the road, Marc spotted a Menander Metalmark, another new one for the trip! By mid-morning we were ready to head to our next destination: The Canopy Tower, to see what exciting butterflies awaited us in the lowlands! The 2-hour trip to the tower was uneventful and most took advantage of a snooze on route. Upon arrival at the Canopy Tower, we barely got settled into our rooms – instead, we went straight up to the 3rd floor and observation deck for optimal butterfly viewing! Out the canopy-level windows, we saw Regal Hairstreak, Fundania and Iphiclus sisters, Malachite, Polydamas Swallowtail, Janais Hairstreak, Hecale Longwing and Shaus’ Flasher. One odd butterfly caught our eye – all tan in color, with a faint green color on the underside of the fore wing. After some searching, we didn’t find any good matches, and concluded that it was a very worn Tropical Greenstreak. Our first “cheater” butterfly (inside the Canopy Tower, usually found on the windows in the dining room and lounge) was a Dingy Purplewing, new for the trip and new for the Canopy Family butterfly list. After a delicious lunch in the 3rd floor dining room and some down time, we met for a short orientation of the Canopy Tower and a review of the itinerary for the days to come. By this time though it had started raining, heavy at times, which limited our butterfly watching for the afternoon. Most opted for a siesta during the rain, others reviewed and identified butterflies in their photos from the past days. Regardless, it was an enjoyable afternoon, a time to catch our breath and enjoy the tropical rain shower. We reviewed our checklist a little later into the afternoon, followed by dinner. Outside the dining room windows during dinner, an Olingo (a nocturnal, arboreal mammal related to a raccoon) was spotted moving swiftly through the Cecropia trees!

Common Morpho

Thursday June 2, 2016 Pipeline Road This morning we started up on the observation deck of the Canopy Tower at dawn – the BEST place to be in Panama! As the sun rose, the Keel-billed Toucans began to croak and the other birds started their day. Even early-morning butterflies, the Narcosius Flasher, was already patrolling its territory above the treetops. As it was a little early for butterfly activity in general, so the birds stole the show up here before breakfast – Blue Dacnis, Green Honeycreeper, Cinnamon Woodpecker, Palm Tanager, Green Shrike-Vireo and a perched Double-toothed Kite were highlights this morning. After breakfast, we boarded the “Tinamu” – Canopy Tower’s special open-back truck – and headed out for a full day adventure. Our principal destination for the day was Pipeline Road, a world famous wildlife-watching destination in Soberania National Park, but our first stop was at the Ammo Ponds just beyond the town of Gamboa. The grassy roadsides provided great habitat for many species of butterflies, of which we saw Banded Longwing, Tropical Buckeye, Queen, Mimosa Skipper, Hanno Blue, a roosting Josephus Owl-Butterfly, Whirlabout, Variable Cracker and some others, along with some notable water birds (Rufescent Tiger-Heron and Purple Gallinule and a calling White-throated Crake), dragonflies and grasshoppers! Jerry and Linda Harrison, friends and fellow butterfly enthusiasts met us at the Ammo Ponds this morning and continued with us for the rest of the day.

Marysas Hairstreak (left), male Mexican Sailor (right)

We had barely made it into the entrance of Pipeline, and the butterflies started showing up. We parked and walked toward the entrance gate, where a Two-eyed Eighty-Eight was resting on the gatehouse. Then, Joan spotted a large aqua-blue hairstreak in the grasses. It was beautiful! Similar to the Sky-blue Hairstreak, this Marsyas Hairstreak was a great find! In fact, the two species are so similar that it was only Barb’s photo of a partial upper side that allowed us to distinguish and identify our butterfly by its more extensive dark edging around the aquamarine blue color. It was very cooperative and allowed us to get a lot of great photos. Nearby, a pair of Mexican Sailors whirled around, landing often and like the hairstreak, cooperative for photos. Southern Sicklewing, Dina Yellow, Gray Theope and Emerald-patched Cattleheart were also spotted here. While walking back to the “Tinamu,” Barb and Marc

spotted a Marcus Skipper (one of that are sometimes called the “fantastic-skippers”) and a Yellow-rimmed Eighty-Eight. Everyone delighted in seeing the skipper, but unfortunately the eighty-eight had already taken off. Back at the “Tinamu,” we had a snack and carried on down Pipeline Road in search of more butterflies and wildlife. Clusters of unique white flowers called “huesitos” or “little bones” were abundant and in full bloom along Pipeline Road, giving off a fragrant scent, but no butterflies were visiting them. We came to a sunny patch where a Common Spurwing was feeding on a bird dropping in the middle of the road. Slightly further up, some more butterflies were moving around. A beautiful Squared Bent-Skipper was flying close to the ground and some disturbed vegetation, landing briefly but consistently enough to allow for photos. In the same spot, a Whitened Bluewing landed on a fallen log, giving nice views. By midday we arrived at our lunch spot and settled here for a little while. While Jenn and Tino were setting up the picnic lunch, a Rusty Metalmark was flying around along the forest edge, landing only briefly before popping up again. Lunch along Pipeline Road was relaxing and enjoyable, and after a little rest (where Jenn spotted an odd “owl-fly” on a vine), we continued on foot further down the road. The weather was beautiful – sunny and warm, we couldn’t have asked for better conditions during the rainy season in Panama! Some dragonflies caught our attention at the puddles along the road, and some enjoyed birds such as Purple-throated Fruitcrows and Golden-collared Manakins. Butterfly highlights this afternoon were a couple Almoda Skippers (lifers for Tino and Jenn), Lavinia Clearwing and Northern Ectima (Crackerlet). We encountered a few interesting caterpillars, one resembling bird poop and another with bright yellow spines that would no doubt give a nasty sting. As the activity started to calm down we made our way back to the Tinamu and returned to the Canopy Tower, reviewed the checklist for the day and retired to our rooms.

Almoda Skipper (left), Lavinia Clearwing (right)

Friday June 3, 2016 Metropolitan Natural Park and Old Gamboa Road & Summit Ponds The day started out beautiful, up on the observation deck with the birds and the early morning butterflies. Two-toned Groundstreaks, quite a few of them, sunned themselves in the treetops and were seen well from the deck. At breakfast, they really started to come out and we saw some gorgeous Costa-spotted and Inca metalmarks, with their intense bright color accents of yellow, pink and blue on their contrasting dark wings, Cramer’s (Canopy) Satyr and White-trailed Skipper. After breakfast we headed out to Metropolitan Park in Panama City, a protected dry forest that boasts much biodiversity including many great butterflies. Unfortunately, the moment we arrived it started to rain, and rain, and rain. Not often it rains during the morning in Panama, especially in the Pacific lowlands, so this was a little unusual. But the rain was fresh and we decided to go for a little walk up the hill toward the viewpoint in hopes that it would start to let up. We reached the rancho at the half way point and stopped to wait out the rain some more. But it didn’t let up. After a decent wait, we decided to head back to the Canopy Tower. The rain continued through the morning. After lunch the rain stopped, so we took advantage and headed out right away to Summit Ponds and Old Gamboa Road, only 10 minutes from the Canopy Tower. The weather was promising and the butterflies and birds seemed pleased to have a break in the rain. A Gartered Trogon perched on the hydro wires above the road. We stopped at the ponds to have a look, some of the local water birds, Lesser Kiskadee, Amazon Kingfisher, Green Heron and Greater Ani were seen here. A Panna Skipper, a pretty spreadwing skipper with chocolate brown color overall and subtle soft markings was spotted on a leaf near the water’s edge. On Old Gamboa Road, we found Barnes’ Metalmark, Dusky-blue Groundstreak, Split-banded Owl-Butterfly, Thamyra Satyr, Plain Satyr, Banded Peacock and Eligius Flat. We walked down to an area of a known roost for Spectacled Owls, but nobody was to be found there. On the way back to the van, Barb spotted a tiny Lucianus Metalmark, one of the target butterflies for this site. Orange above and white below, this mini butterfly was a delight to see! Back at the Canopy Tower, we met for a final checklist session and wrap up of the tour, followed by a delicious dinner.

Costa-spotted Metalmark

Thursday May 21, 2015 Canopy Tower Observation Deck and departures Our final morning on the observation deck did not disappoint – Tino spotted an Orange-banded Metalmark, and new butterflies for the trip including Orion Cecropian, Short-lined Kite-Swallowtail, Amyntor Greenstreak and Least Prepona continued to show up. This morning we said goodbye to some of our friends who joined us for this year’s tour, while others extended their stay at the Canopy Tower and in Panama to continue enjoying the butterflies, birds and Panama’s exquisite wildlife in general. Overall, we saw 210 species of butterflies, including several new ones for Canopy Family’s official butterfly list, and additionally, over 200 species of birds for the trip (not listed in this report). On behalf of the Canopy Family we thank all of our participants for their enthusiasm in watching and learning about Panama’s butterflies with us, it was a memorable and exciting tour!

Butterfly List Classification follows Butterflies of America May/June 2016

28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 PAPILIONIDAE swallowtails Papilioninae swallowtails & cattlehearts 1 Neographium agesilaus Short-lined Kite-Swallowtail x 2 Neographium philolaus Dark Kite-Swallowtail x x 3 Battus polydamas Polydamas Swallowtail x x 4 Parides eurimedes True Cattleheart x 5 Parides childrenae Green-celled Cattleheart x x x 6 Parides sesostris Emerald-patched Cattleheart x 7 Heraclides androgeus Androgeus Swallowtail x x 8 Heraclides thoas Thoas Swallowtail x x x x x PIERIDAE whites & sulphurs Dismorphiinae mimic-whites 9 Enantia jethys Jethys Mimic-White x Coliadinae sulphurs & yellows 10 Eurema albula White Yellow x x x x x 11 Pyrisitia proterpia Tailed Orange x x x 12 Pyrisitia dina Dina Yellow x 13 Pyrisitia nise Mimosa Yellow x x x x 14 Phoebis sennae Cloudless Sulphur x x x x 15 Phoebis neocypris Tailed Sulphur x 16 Phoebis argante Apricot Sulphur x x x x x x 17 Phoebis agarithe Large Orange Sulphur x x 18 Aphrissa statira Statira Sulphur x Pieridae whites 19 Pieriballia viardi Viardi White x 20 Archionas brassolis Cattleheart White x 21 Catasticta hegemon Frosted Dartwhite x LYCAENIDAE hairstreaks & blues Theclinae hairstreaks 22 Evenus regalis Regal Hairstreak x x x 23 Pseudolycaena marsyas Marsyas Hairstreak x 24 Rekoa meton Meton Hairstreak x 25 Rekoa palegon Gold-bordered Hairstreak x x x 26 Arawacus togarna Togarna Hairstreak x x x x 27 Arawacus sito Fine-lined Hairstreak x 28 Cyanophrys amyntor Amyntor Greenstreak x x 29 Cyanophrys herodotus Tropical Greenstreak x 30 Laothus barajo Barajo Hairstreak x 31 Lamprospilus collucia Two-toned Groundstreak x 32 Electrostrymon hugon Ruddy Hairstreak x 33 Ziegleria hesperitis Hesperitis Groundstreak x x 34 Calycopis cerata Cerata Hairstreak x 35 Calycopis isobeon Dusky-blue Groundstreak x x x x x 36 Strymon mulucha Mottled Scrub-Hairstreak x 37 Strymon gabatha Great Scrub-Hairstreak x 38 Ministrymon zilda Square-spotted Hairstreak x 39 Strephonota tephraeus Pearly-gray Hairstreak x x x

40 Panthiades bitias Bitias Hairstreak x 41 Chalybs janais Janais Hairstreak x Polyommatinae blues 42 Leptotes cassius Cassius Blue x x x 43 Cupido comyntas Eastern Tailed-Blue x x 44 Hemiargus hanno Hanno Blue x RIODINIDAE metalmarks Riodininae metalmarks 45 Eurybia unxia Azure-winged Eurybia x x x 46 Necyria duellona White-dashed Metalmark x 47 Ancyluris jurgensenii Costa-spotted Metalmark x x 48 Ancyluris inca Inca Metalmark x 49 Detritivora barnesi Barnes’ Metalmark x x x x x x 50 Calephelis fulmen Fulmen Calephelis x x 51 Calephelis shausi Shaus’ Calephelis x x x 52 Calephelis iris Iris Calephelis x x x x x x 53 Calephelis sp. Calephelis sp. x x 54 Parcella amarynthina Orange-banded Metalmark x 55 Caria mantinea Lampeto Metalmark (x) x 56 Sarota acantus Simple Sarota x 57 Emesis lucinda White-patched Emesis x x 58 Emesis oncypore Dark Emesis x 59 Emesis cypria Orange-striped Emesis x x 60 Ariconias albinus Albinus Metalmark x 61 Thisbe irenea Irenia Metalmark x 62 Juditha odites Odites Metalmark x 63 Juditha caucana Molpe Metalmark x 64 Synargis mycone Rusty Metalmark x 65 Menander menander Menander Metalmark x 66 Calospila lucianus Lucianus Metalmark x 67 Nymphidium ascolia Creamy Metalmark x 68 Nymphidium haematostictum Blood-spot Metalmark x 69 Theope virgilius Blue-based Theope x 70 Theope lycaenina Gray Theope x x NYMPHALIDAE brushfoots Danainae monarchs & clearwings 71 Lycorea halia Tiger Mimic-Queen x x x x 72 Danaus gilippus Queen x 73 Tithorea tarricina Cream-spotted Tigerwing x 74 Aeria eurimedia Banded Tigerwing x 75 Melinaea lilis Mimic Tigerwing x 76 Methona confusa Confusa Tigerwing x 77 Ithomia diasia Diasia Clearwing x 78 Ceratinia tutia Tutia Clearwing x 79 Godyris zavaleta Variegated Clearwing x 80 Hypoleria lavinia Lavinia Clearwing x 81 Pseudoscada timnia Timnia Clearwing x Heliconiinae longwings 82 Dione juno Juno Longwing x x 83 Dryadula phaetusa Banded Longwing x 84 Dryas iulia Julia x x x 85 Philaethria dido Green Longwing x 86 Eueides aliphera Fine-lined Longwing x

87 Heliconius charithonia Zebra Longwing x x x 88 Heliconius cydno Cydno Longwing x 89 Heliconius doris Doris Longwing x 90 Heliconius erato petiverana Crimson-patched (Erato) Longwing x x x x x x 91 Heliconius hecale anderida Hecale Longwing x x x x 92 Heliconius sapho Sapho Longwing x 93 Heliconius sara Sara Longwing x x x x x x 94 Euptoieta hegesia Mexican Fritillary x Limenitidinae sisters 95 Adelpha boeotia Oberthur’s Sister x x 96 Adelpha cytherea Cytherea Sister x 97 Adelpha iphiclus Iphiclus Sister x x x 98 Adelpha malea Fundania Sister x x 99 Adelpha melona Melona Sister x Biblidinae banners, crackers & eighty-eights 100 Eunica monima Dingy Purplewing x 101 Myscelia cyaniris Whitened Bluewing x 102 Ectima erycinoides Northern Ectima x 103 Hamadryas amphinome Red Cracker x x 104 Hamadryas feronia Variable Cracker x x 105 Hamadryas iphthime Brownish Cracker x 106 Nica flavilla Little Banner x 107 Pyrrhogyra neaerea Banded Banner x x 108 Dynamine agacles Pale Sailor x 109 Dynamine postverta Mexican Sailor x 110 Callicore pitheas Two-eyed Eighty-Eight x 111 Callicore texa Yellow-rimmed Eighty-Eight x 112 Callicore tolima Blue-and-orange Eighty-Eight x x Cyrestinae daggerwings 113 Marpesia chiron Many-banded Daggerwing x x 114 Marpesia petreus Ruddy Daggerwing x Nymphalinae beauties & crescents 115 Historis odius Orion Cecropian x 116 Anartia fatima Banded Peacock x x x x x x x 117 Anartia jatrophae White Peacock x x x 118 Siproeta stelenes Malachite x x 119 Junonia evarete Tropical Buckeye x x x 120 Chlosyne janais Crimson-patch Checkerspot x 121 Chlosyne lacinia Bordered Patch x x 122 Anthanassa drusilla Orange-patched Crescent x x x x 123 Anthanassa tulcis Pale-banded Crescent x x 124 Castilia eranites Mimic Crescent x 125 Castilia ofella White-dotted Crescent x x 126 Eresia clio Clio Crescent x 127 Eresia eunice Eunice Crescent x 128 Eresia ithomioides alsina Variable Crescent x x 129 Janatella leucodesma Whitened Crescent x x x 130 Tegosa anieta Black-bordered Crescent x x x x x Charaxinae leafwings 131 Fountainea nobilis Noble Leafwing x 132 Memphis kingi King’s Leafwing x 133 Archaeoprepona amphimachus White-spotted Prepona x x 134 Archaeoprepona demophon One-spotted Prepona x

135 Prepona dexamenus Least Prepona x Satyrinae satyrs 136 Morpho cypris Cypris Morpho x x 137 Morpho helenor Common Morpho x x x x x x 138 Morpho theseus Stub-tailed Morpho x x x 139 Caligo atreus Banded Owl-Butterfly x 140 Caligo illioneus Dusky Owl-Butterfly x x 141 Caligo telamonius Pale Owl-Butterfly x x x x x 142 Opsiphanes cassina Split-banded Owl-Butterfly x 143 Selenophanes josephus Josephus Owl-Butterfly x 144 Narope testacea Brown Owl-Butterfly x 145 Cissia confusa Confused Satyr x 146 Cissia pompilia Plain Satyr x x x 147 Cissia terrestris Cryptic Satyr x x x x 148 Euptychia insolata Insolata Satyr x 149 Euptychia westwoodi Westwood’s Satyr x 150 Hermeuptychia hermes Hermes Satyr x x x x 151 Magneuptychia libye Blue-gray Satyr x 152 Megneuptychia antonoe Cramer’s (Canopy) Satyr x x 153 Pareuptychia ocirrhoe White Satyr x x x 154 Taygetis thamyra Thamyra Satyr x 155 Yphthomoides renata Renata Satyr x HESPERIIDAE skippers Eudaminae longtails, flashers & scarlet-eyes 156 Epargyreus exadeus Broken Silverdrop x 157 Chioides catillus Blurry-striped Longtail x 158 Urbanus esmeraldus Esmeralda Longtail x 159 Urbanus dorantes Dorantes Longtail x x 160 Urbanus tanna/teleus Tanna/Teleus Longtail x x x 161 Urbanus simplicius Plain Longtail x x 162 Urbanus procne Brown Longtail x x x x 163 Astraptes fulgerator Two-barred Flasher x x 164 Astraptes janeira Shaus’ Flasher x 165 Astraptes sp. Unknown Flasher x 166 Narcosius nazaraeus Nazaraeus Flasher x x 167 Narcosius sp. Narcosius Flasher x x x 168 Autochton neis Broad Banded-Skipper x x 169 Autochton longipennis Spike Banded-Skipper x 170 Autochton zarex Sharp Banded-Skipper x 171 Spathilepia clonius Falcate Skipper x 172 Cogia calchas Mimosa Skipper x x x x Pyrginae spreadwing skippers 173 Pyrrhopyge zenodorus Red-headed Firetip x 174 Melanopyge maculosa Maculosa Skipper x 175 Celaenorrhinus eligius Eligius Flat x 176 Noctuana stator Red-studded Skipper x 177 Bolla cupreiceps Copper-headed Sootywing x x x 178 Gorgythion begga Variegated Skipper x 179 Potamanaxas thoria Thoria Skipper x x 180 Mylon maimon Common Mylon x 181 Ebrietas anacreon Common Bent-Skipper x 182 Helias cama Squared Bent-Skipper x 183 Eantis thraso Southern Sicklewing x

184 Achlyodes pallida Pale Sicklewing x 185 Ouleus panna Panna Skipper x 186 Quadrus contubernalis Striped Blue-Skipper x 187 Gindanes brebisson White-trailed Skipper x x 188 Xenophanes tryxus Glassy-winged Skipper x 189 Antigonus erosus Common Spurwing x 190 Pyrgus adepta Central American Checkered-Skipper x x x 191 Pyrgus oileus Tropical Checkered-Skipper x x x 192 Heliopetes arsalte Veined White-Skipper x x 193 Heliopetes alana Alana White-Skipper x x Hesperiinae ruby-eyes & grass skippers 194 Argon lota Argon Skipper x 195 Calpodes ethlius Brazilian Skipper x 196 Saliana esperi Perching Saliana x x 197 Anthoptus epictetus Trailside Skipper x 198 Lento hermione Hermione Skipper x 199 Callimormus juventus Juventus Skipper x x x x 200 Callimormus radiola Radiant Skipper x x x 201 Callimormus saturnus Saturnus Skipper x 202 Remella rita Rita’s Remella x x x x 203 Phanes almoda Almoda Skipper x 204 Mnestheus ittona Ittona Skipper x 205 Vehilius stictomenes Pasture Skipper x 206 Vettius marcus Marcus Skipper x 207 Enosis immaculata Immaculata Skipper x 208 Polites vibex Whirlabout x 209 Pompeius pompeius Pompeius Skipper x 210 Metron chrysogastra Orange-headed Metron x Trip report and photos by Jenn Sinasac