Panama City TripPanama City Trip

Travel ItineraryTravel Itinerary Leave DISL at 6:45 AMLeave DISL at 6:45 AM

Meet outside dorms ~6:30 AM to load vehiclesMeet outside dorms ~6:30 AM to load vehicles Bring 2 days clothes, swimsuit, toiletries, sunscreen, Bring 2 days clothes, swimsuit, toiletries, sunscreen,

hat, snorkel gearhat, snorkel gear Taking three vehicles and two boats (Coquina/Thal)Taking three vehicles and two boats (Coquina/Thal) Bringing Whitney Scheffel (Grad Student) to helpBringing Whitney Scheffel (Grad Student) to help Meet Mobile folks Tillman’s corner Wal Mart (7:30 Meet Mobile folks Tillman’s corner Wal Mart (7:30

am)am)

Meet Dr. Baggett Eastern Shore Center 8:00 AMMeet Dr. Baggett Eastern Shore Center 8:00 AM Breakfast / Pick up anyone else wishing to be picked up Breakfast / Pick up anyone else wishing to be picked up

therethere Stopping for meals–those on meal plan I’ll have $$$ Stopping for meals–those on meal plan I’ll have $$$

reimbursement for all six Thurs/Fri meals ($50 per)reimbursement for all six Thurs/Fri meals ($50 per)

Travel ItineraryTravel Itinerary Arrive St. Andrews State ParkArrive St. Andrews State Park

Thurs afternoon/FridayThurs afternoon/Friday Snorkeling and urchin transects/quadratsSnorkeling and urchin transects/quadrats

Trawling in boats over sand/seagrassTrawling in boats over sand/seagrass

Staying at Hampton Inn Thursday nightStaying at Hampton Inn Thursday night

Snorkel at jetties in St. Andrews State ParkSnorkel at jetties in St. Andrews State Park

Plot and Transect Plot and Transect Density SamplingDensity Sampling

Plot SamplingPlot Sampling Ten 1mTen 1m22 quadrats quadrats Random placementRandom placement

Belt Transect Belt Transect SamplingSampling Strip of habitatStrip of habitat Two 10m long transectsTwo 10m long transects Counted urchins in an Counted urchins in an

area 0.5 m on either area 0.5 m on either side of the transect = side of the transect = total of 10 mtotal of 10 m2 2 sampled sampled per transectper transect

1 m

10 m

Plots (Quadrats)Plots (Quadrats)

Belt transectsBelt transects

Plot and Transect Density Plot and Transect Density CalculationsCalculations

DDii = n = nii/A/A DDii = Density for species I = Density for species I

nnii = Total number of individuals counted for = Total number of individuals counted for species Ispecies I

A = Total area sampled (will be 1 mA = Total area sampled (will be 1 m22 for quadrats for quadrats and 10 mand 10 m22 for transects) for transects)

Calculate average density of urchins (#/mCalculate average density of urchins (#/m22 ) ) by quadrat sampling and by belt transect by quadrat sampling and by belt transect methodsmethods

Are they in close agreement?Are they in close agreement? If not, why do you think they are different?If not, why do you think they are different?

Community Structure: Community Structure: TrawlingTrawling

Trawling ExerciseTrawling Exercise Six replicate trawl samples in turtle grass (Six replicate trawl samples in turtle grass (Thalassia Thalassia

testudinumtestudinum) and on sand bottom) and on sand bottom

All collected organisms placed in labeled garbage All collected organisms placed in labeled garbage bags and all fishes/macroinverts identified and bags and all fishes/macroinverts identified and countedcounted

Use analytical approaches discussed to assess Use analytical approaches discussed to assess communitiescommunities

Community Structure: Community Structure: TrawlingTrawling

Graphical ExaminationGraphical Examination Species-Sample or Collectors CurveSpecies-Sample or Collectors Curve Relative Abundance CurveRelative Abundance Curve Lognormal CurveLognormal Curve

Species Diversity IndicesSpecies Diversity Indices Shannon-Weiner Index (H’)Shannon-Weiner Index (H’) Simpson Index (C)Simpson Index (C)

Graphs: Collectors CurveGraphs: Collectors Curve Cumulative number of species (Number Cumulative number of species (Number

of new species) is plotted against the of new species) is plotted against the number of samples takennumber of samples taken

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1 2 3 4 5

Number of Samples

Nu

mb

er o

f S

pec

ies

Curve has not become asymptotic. What does this suggest we need to do?

Graphs: Species Abundance Graphs: Species Abundance (Dominance Density) Curve(Dominance Density) Curve

Rank the species based on number Rank the species based on number collected (1 = most abundant, 2 = next collected (1 = most abundant, 2 = next most abundant, etc.)most abundant, etc.)

Plot abundance on logarithmic scale Plot abundance on logarithmic scale against the corresponding rank against the corresponding rank

1

10

100

1000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Species Rank

Nu

mb

er o

f In

div

idu

als

in S

pec

ies

A

B

Graphs: Lognormal Graphs: Lognormal CurveCurve

X-axis is divided into geometric abundance X-axis is divided into geometric abundance intervals (each interval width is a multiple of 2, so intervals (each interval width is a multiple of 2, so that the scale is the logarithm of the abundance to that the scale is the logarithm of the abundance to the base 2)the base 2)

Plot number of species having certain abundances Plot number of species having certain abundances against the logarithmic abundance intervalsagainst the logarithmic abundance intervals

012345678910

1-2 2-4 4-8 8-16 16-32 32-64 64-128

128-256

256-512

512-1024

1024-2048

Number of Individuals of a Species

Nu

mb

er o

f S

pec

ies

Species Diversity IndicesSpecies Diversity Indices Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H’)Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H’)

Combines two components of diversity:Combines two components of diversity: Species Richness - Number of species Species Richness - Number of species

(higher number increases diversity)(higher number increases diversity)

Species evenness (relative Species evenness (relative abundance/dominance; evenness abundance/dominance; evenness increases diversity)increases diversity)

The greater the value of H’, the greater The greater the value of H’, the greater the diversitythe diversity

Species Diversity IndicesSpecies Diversity Indices Simpson Index (C)Simpson Index (C)

Probability of picking two organisms at Probability of picking two organisms at random that are different speciesrandom that are different species

Gives less weight to more rare species and Gives less weight to more rare species and more weight to common speciesmore weight to common species

Values range from Values range from 00 (low diversity) to [1 – (low diversity) to [1 – (1/S)](1/S)]

Where S = number of speciesWhere S = number of species

Community Structure Community Structure AssignmentAssignment

GraphsGraphs Collectors CurveCollectors Curve

Seagrass trawls onlySeagrass trawls only Species Abundance (Dominance Density) Species Abundance (Dominance Density)

CurveCurve Seagrass and Sand HabitatsSeagrass and Sand Habitats

Lognormal CurveLognormal Curve Seagrass and Sand HabitatsSeagrass and Sand Habitats

Species Diversity IndicesSpecies Diversity Indices Shannon-WeinerShannon-Weiner

Seagrass and Sand HabitatsSeagrass and Sand Habitats Simpson Simpson

Seagrass and Sand HabitatsSeagrass and Sand Habitats Answer questions on pg 34 (a and b)Answer questions on pg 34 (a and b) Also, bonus question on pg 34Also, bonus question on pg 34

Rubble StructuresRubble Structures

Rubble StructuresRubble Structures Record the dominant taxa (both plant and

animal) from the upper intertidal to the lowest reaches of the subtidal portions of the jetties on underwater slates. Focus on both attached and mobile fauna

Compare these results with the idealized zonation and fish species. Pay attention to body shapes, the number of species with protective "armor" and the taxonomic composition of the dominant taxa.

Compare with your observations of the dominant taxa seen in the seagrass beds of St. Andrews Bay. Record, in your lab notebook, the zonation scheme and your comparison of the fauna in St. Andrews Bay vs. that at the St. Andrews rock jetty.