Pan-American Exposition: Its Purpose and Plan. Accessed Online from: Illuminations: Revisiting the

Buffalo Pan-American Exposition of 1901. 28 October 2002. http://libris.lib.buffalo.edu/cgi-test/ublproj/panam/pancode.cgi?dir=arnold&gotopage=1

Map of PAX

*Note the distance between the Midway in the upper right hand corner to the Manufactures and

Liberal Arts building located a little north of the center of the map.

From: “Africans, Darkies, and Negroes: Black Faces at the Pan American Exposition of 1901, Buffalo,

New York.” Uncrowned Queens: African American Women Community Builders of Western New York. Project Leaders: Brooks-Bertram, Peggy and Barbara A. Seals Nevergold (Drs.) Accessed online. 28 October 2002. http://wings.buffalo.edu/uncrownedqueens/history/black_faces/index.htm

“Map of North Midway”“Africans, Darkies, and Negroes: Black Faces at the Pan American Exposition of 1901, Buffalo, New York.” Uncrowned Queens: African American Women Community Builders of Western New York. Project Leaders: Brooks-Bertram, Peggy and Barbara A. Seals Nevergold (Drs.) Accessed online. 28 October 2002. http://wings.buffalo.edu/uncrownedqueens/history/black_faces/index.htm

Arnold, C.D. The Pan-American Exposition Illustrated. Buffalo, NY: C.D. Arnold, 1901. Accessed Online

from: Illuminations: Revisiting the Buffalo Pan-American Exposition of 1901. 28 October 2002. http://libris.lib.buffalo.edu/cgi-test/ublproj/panam/pancode.cgi?dir=arnold&gotopage=1

Arnold, C.D. The Pan-American Exposition Illustrated. Buffalo, NY: C.D. Arnold, 1901. Accessed Online from: Illuminations: Revisiting the Buffalo Pan-American Exposition of 1901. 28 October 2002.

http://libris.lib.buffalo.edu/cgi-test/ublproj/panam/pancode.cgi?dir=arnold&gotopage=1

Newspaper clippings of Darkest Africa. Pan American Scrapbooks, vol. 1-24. BEPL

Entrance to The Old Plantation

Barry, Richard H. Snap Shots on the Midway. Buffalo, NY: Robert Alan Reid, 1901.

Barry, Richard H. Snap Shots on the Midway. Buffalo, NY: Robert Alan Reid, 1901.

“Three Cullud Gemmen”A scene from the Old Plantation

“American Negro Exhibit”From: “Africans, Darkies, and Negroes: Black Faces at the Pan American Exposition of 1901, Buffalo, New York.” Uncrowned Queens: African American Women Community Builders of Western New York.

Project Leaders: Brooks-Bertram, Peggy and Barbara A. Seals Nevergold (Drs.) Accessed online. 28 October 2002. http://wings.buffalo.edu/uncrownedqueens/history/black_faces/index.htm

Example of Charts from Negro Exhibit.From: “The Exhibit of American Negroes: World’s Fair, Exposition Universelle, Paris, 1900—An

Historical and Archival Reconstruction,” Created by Eugene F. Provenzo, Jr., Ph.D., School of Education, University of Miami. http://www.education.miami.edu/ep/Paris/home.htm.

Example of Photographs in the Negro ExhibitFrom: “The Exhibit of American Negroes: World’s Fair, Exposition Universelle, Paris, 1900—An

Historical and Archival Reconstruction,” Created by Eugene F. Provenzo, Jr., Ph.D., School of Education, University of Miami. http://www.education.miami.edu/ep/Paris/home.htm.

Arnold, C.D. The Pan-American Exposition Illustrated. Buffalo, NY: C.D. Arnold, 1901. Accessed Online

from: Illuminations: Revisiting the Buffalo Pan-American Exposition of 1901. 28 October 2002. http://libris.lib.buffalo.edu/cgi-test/ublproj/panam/pancode.cgi?dir=arnold&gotopage=1

It is a peculiar sensation…this sense of always looking at one’s self through the eyes of others…of measuring one’s soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels the many-ness,—an American, a Negro---An African, A slave--A northerner, A southerner---at

least three souls, three thoughts, three unreconciled strivings; three warring ideals in one dark body, that would all be put on display at the Buffalo Pan-American Exposition and …which is more, their collective presence could water the

seeds for disassociation within the African-American community.