Palm Oil yield potential of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis seeds …isopb.mpob.gov.my/pdfFile/2nd/PAPER...
Transcript of Palm Oil yield potential of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis seeds …isopb.mpob.gov.my/pdfFile/2nd/PAPER...
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
Palm Oil yield potential of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis)
seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners.
T. Durand-Gasselin1, S. Hayun2, J. C. Jacquemard1,
S. Indra2, I. Adjé3, A. Flori1 and B. Nouy1.
1 Cirad, UPR 28, Montpellier, France.
2 P.T. Socfindo, Medan, Indonesia.
3 INRAB CRA-PP Station de Pobè, Bénin.
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
The main challenges
Oil and fat requirements
135 million tonnes of oils and fats consumed in 2005, including 115 million of vegetable origin.
Oil palm supply around 37 million tonnes, Soybean around 34 Mt.
In world average terms, oil palm yields are 6 to 10 times > soybean: 3 to 3.5 t/ha/year
Oil and fat requirements are growing by 4.4% per year.
Palm oil production is growing by 5.6%.
The contribution made by genetic improvement amounts to 1,2 %/ year (Cirad seeds).
The rest comes from extensions, agronomic improvement and rehabilitation.
… and bio diesel.
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
Palm kernel oil
4%
Coconut oil
3%Peanut
4%Cotton
5%
Sunflower
9%
Rapeseed
15%
Soya
30%
Palm oil
30%
The most important height vegetable oils.
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
Breeders and global context
⇒ Sustainable intensification of production over several cropping cycles will help to limit pressure on uncultivated areas, notably tropical forest. It will also have a positive economic impact for growers.
⇒ One of the prerequisites for achieving high yields is to provide growers with :
1 – high-yielding planting material.2 – resistance to main deseases.
To partly meet these challenges:
In this presentation we will focus on yield.
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
One c
ycle
of re
curr
ent sele
ction
A Group
Deli, Angola
B Group
(La Mé, Yang, SP540,.)
Progeny trials
D x P Seeds
(other scheme)
Improved A Group Improved B Group
Intro-
duction Intro-
duction
Parent
choice
Parent
choice
One cycle = 20 years ; 3rd cycle on progress
Breeding and seed production strategy
1 - SSR
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
Selfing I Selfing I
• Additional yield = +12 %
• High homogeneity
Selfing II Selfing II
Parent 1 (Dura)
Parent 2 (tenera)
Comparative
progeny tests
D x P seeds
~ xx palms (100)
15 to
20 y
ears
2 – Scheme for D x P Seeds production:
One cycle based on pedigree
~ xx palms (100)
~ xx palms (100)~ xx palms (100)
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
Breeding and seed production strategy (cont…)
2 phases
1/ Pre-selection of parents for their inherent value
Only for heritable traits :
Dura & Tenera Parents: growth rate
% mesocarp/fruit
% oil/mesocarp
Pisifera Parents: growth rate
2/ Selection of parents for their general combining ability (GCA)
Assessment of the average value of each parent when crossed
with the parents of the other group for yield and growth rate.
Selection and evaluation of parents
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
Breeding and seed production strategy
General mating designs to evaluate GCA of parents
…B11 B12 ... B1n B21 B22 ... B2n ... Bm1 Bm2 ... Bmn
A11
A12
…
A1n
A21
A22
...
A2n
...
Am1
Am2
…
Amn
Origin Bm
Group B parentsOrigin B1 Origin B2
Orig
in
Am
Gro
up
A p
are
nts O
rig
in
A1
Orig
in
A2
A genetic block
(set of progeny tests)
• 20 trials x 20 progenies = 400 crosses = 300 ha
• 130 parents tested per group
• Each is tested three times …
=
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
Field design
…B11 B12 ... B1n B21 B22 ... B2n ... Bm1 Bm2 ... Bmn
A11
A12
…
A1n
A21
A22
...
A2n
...
Am1
Am2
…
Amn
Origin Bm
Group B parentsOrigin B1 Origin B2
Orig
in
Am
Grou
p A
paren
ts
Orig
in
A1
Orig
in
A2
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
II On suppose la ligne 1 rentrante (arbre 1-1) donc l'arbre 3.1 est une bordure
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57
25 B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
24 20 23 24 25 48 49 50 45 73 74 75 70 95 98 99 100 119 120 124
23 5 16 14 23 22 5 21 10 5 11 7 21 5 14 19 8 12 9
22
21
20 18 19 21 22 46 47 43 44 71 72 68 69 93 94 96 97 117 118 121
19 9 20 22 12 4 8 12 18 10 16 20 12 12 6 7 18 4 15
18
17
16 16 17 14 15 39 40 41 42 64 65 66 67 91 92 88 89 90 116 113
15 1 18 2 24 9 2 17 24 25 24 13 19 3 25 11 13 24 7
14
13
12 5 11 12 13 36 37 38 35 61 62 63 59 60 80 86 87 85 105 111
11 13 7 21 3 19 25 16 3 1 4 14 18 6 17 9 22 4 1
10
9
8 3 4 9 10 28 29 30 33 34 53 54 57 58 78 79 83 84 103 104
7 8 10 19 17 23 7 13 14 11 8 17 22 15 21 1 10 2 10
6
5
4 1 2 6 7 8 26 27 31 32 51 52 55 56 76 77 81 82 101 102
3 15 25 6 4 11 6 1 15 20 3 9 23 2 15 16 20 23 3
2
1 B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57
x 20
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
Breeding and seed production strategy
Example Aek Loba Timur Genetic Block
(P.T. Socfindo in Indonesia)
Favourable ecological conditions
28 trials set up from 1995 to 2000 (25 prog test -3 clonal)
420 DxT or DxP crosses between
- 114 Dura Deli parents
- 112 Tenera or Pisifera parents (La Mé & Yangambi origins)
⇒ We will comment early data for 17 trials that have attained 8 years,
254 progeny, 83 Dura Deli and 104 LM ou YA palms
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
A GROUP
• DA 5 D x DA 3 D (*)
• DA 10 D x DA 3 D
• DA 10 D x DA 115 D
• DA 115 D self
• DA 115 D self (*)
• DA 115 D x DA 3 D
• DA 300 D x DA 128 D
• DA 551 D x DA 767 D
• LM 269 D x DA 115 D
• LM 269 D x DA 128 D
• LM 404 D self
• LM 404 D x DA 3 D
• LM 404 D x DA 10 D
Origins tested in trials at Aek Loba Timur
B GROUP
•LM 2 T self
•LM 2 T self (*)
•LM 2 T x LM 5 T
•LM 2 T x LM 9 T
•LM 2 T x LM 10 T
•LM 2 T x SI 10 T (*)
•LM 5 T self
•LM 5 T x LM 10 T
•LM 5 T x LM 311 P
•LM 9 T x LM 13 T
•LM 10 T self
•LM 13 T self
•LM 238 T x LM 511 P
•LM 718 T self
•LM 718 T x LM 238 T
(*) + one cycle of pedigree selection
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
FFB : the effective planting density is 143 palms/ha
but we consider only 135 palms (road and non
value palms)
FFB= observed yield * 0,944 (1)
OER : to estimate OER we consider mill loses and bias
when sampling the bunches :
OER=O/B * 0,855 (2)
(1) x (2) = 0,807 - 20 %
10,5 t/oil/ha observe in trials = 8,5 t/oil/ha effective in plantation
RESULTS
Preliminary comments
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
Mean of Aek Loba genetic block
After 2005 season
% Fruit/
Bunch
% Mesocarp
/Fruit
% Oil /
Mesocarp
Oil/Bunch
Lab.
OER
66.5% 82.5% 56.1% 30.8% 26.4%
1 - Bunch analyses at 5 and 6 years (360 crosses)
2 - Yield of young and mature palms
Period Crosses BN x ABW FFB t/ha/yr Oil t/ha/yr
3-5 years 360 28.3 x 5.8 21.4 5.65
6-8 years 254 18.8 x 12.0 29.1 7.73
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
Aek Loba genetic bloc :
extreme values (variability)
1 - Crosses tested (6-8 year period)
Number OER FFB OIL
254 crosses
classed
from 20.0 %
to 31.6%
from 23.2
to 33.6
from 6.15
to 9.45
2 -GCA of parents tested (6-8 year period)
Number OER FFB OIL
65 dura
classed
from 23.6%
to 29.8%
from 25.0
to 31.5
from 6.48
to 8.65
79 T or P
classed
from 21.8 %
to 29.5%
from 23.0
to 32.9
from 6.47
to 9.11
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
6-8 year period Ind.
OER
FFB
t/ha/yr
Oil
t/ha/yr
Mean of ALT 26.4 29.1 7.73
Selected best 16 %(40 crosses)
27.6 30.8 8.63
% improvement + 4.6% +6.0% +11.6%
Selected best 8 %(20 crosses)
28.0 31.2 8.85
% improvement + 6.1% +7.3% +14.5%
Aek Loba genetic bloc :
Selection of progenies
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
6-8 year period Ind.
OER
FFB
t/ha/yr
Oil
t/ha/yr
Mean of parents 26.2 29.1 7.76
GCA of the 16 % best Dura
(10 palms)
+1.1 (27.3)
+ 4.1%
+1 (30.1)
+3.6%
+ 0.59 (8.35)
+ 7.7%
GCA of the 16 % best T/P
(13 palms)
+1 (27.2)
+ 3.9%
30.6
+5.6%
+0.76 (8.52)
+10.0%
16% best D x 16% best T/P
% improvement
28.3
+ 8.0%
31.7
+9.2%
9.13
+17.7%
Aek Loba genetic bloc : Selection of best
parents based on GCA for Oil production
Reminder : 11.6 % -> 14.5 % -> 17.7 %(…)
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
6-8 year period Ind.
OER
FFB
t/ha
Oil
t/ha
PO 3360 D x PO 4982 P 29.6 % 31.5 9.45
PO 3174 D x PO 2766 P 29.1 % 31.1 9.22
PO 3600 D x PO 2762 P 30.5 % 29.8 9.21
The expected value of crosses between selected
palms for GCA on Oil production is attainable as
we have observed:
AL bloc : Selection of best parents based
on GCA for Oil production
(Expected : 9.13)
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
Cross Rank
Observed
values
Oil t/ha/yr
Calculated
values from GCA
Oil t/ha/y
PO 3360 D x PO 4982 P
PO 3174 D x PO 2766 P
PO 3600 D x PO 2762 P
PO 2580 D x PO 2980 T
PO 3052 D x PO 2761 P
PO 3062 D x PO 4740 P
PO 3170 D x PO 3636 P
PO 2995 D x PO 3277 T
PO 3064 D x PO 3253 T
PO 4840 D x PO 2972 T
PO 4844 D x PO 3351 P
PO 3127 D x PO 4799 P
PO 3971 D x PO 3660 P
1
2
3…
25…
50…
75…
100…
125…
150…
175…
200…
225…
250
9.45
9.22
9.21
8.53
8.28
8.06
7.90
7.72
7.60
7.45
7.31
7.12
6.78
9.52
9.02
9.25
8.41
7.75
8.10
7.92
7.33
7.60
7.61
7.21
7.37
6.74
Correlations (R² : 0.9)
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
Genetic progress
• Both FFB and OER are moving :
Periode 1960 1970 1990 2010 Progress
OER % 21,5 23,5 25,8 27,8 + 29,3 %
FFB t/ha 24,1 25,5 27,1 29,9 + 24,1 %
Oil t/ha 5,2 6,0 7,0 8,3 + 59,6 %
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Nord sumatra
(no water deficit)
Côte d'Ivoire
(-340 mn/an)
1.2%/year
55 kg/year
To
nn
es
of
oil/h
ec
tare +15%
+27%+35%
+42%
+60%
Evolution of Genetic Productivity
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
FFB: 30 to 32 t/ha/yr (31 to 34 t/ha/yr in trials)
Oil Extraction Rate: 26 to 29 % (30 to 34 % in the lab.)
Yield: 8 to 9 t CPO/ha/yr (10 to 11 t/ha/yr in trials)
Reasonable ABW: 22 to 24 kg for mature palms
First harvest at 2 years
Slow vertical growth: 40 to 60 cm/yr
Iodine value over 55
Conclusion : what production can be expected
under Aek Loba-type ecological conditions?
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
Conclusion
• The scheme proposed here allows an overall exploitation of the results.
• Value of crosses is estimated with high precision.
• It enable GCA calculations for the parents : this is of strategic importance as for the seed gardens and the recombinations for the next cycle.
• We estimate a greater genetic progress (> 17 %).
• Ongoing progress is a (welcome) result of our work.
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Value of Oil Palm seeds developed by CIRAD and its partners
27/11/2006 ISOPB-Puket T. Durand-Gasselin
Thank you
for your attention